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library_name: transformers
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---
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### Model Description
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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#### Hardware
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#### Software
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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## Glossary [optional]
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## More Information [optional]
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---
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library_name: transformers
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language:
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- en
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base_model:
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- Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct
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tags:
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- evaluation
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---
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<div align="center">
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# LMUnit: Fine-grained Evaluation with Natural Language Unit Tests
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<img src="Contextual_AI_Brand_Mark_Dark.png" width="10%" alt="Contextual_AI"/>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<div align="center">
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[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13091)
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[](https://contextual.ai/research/lmunit)
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[](https://github.com/ContextualAI/LMUnit)
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[](https://huggingface.co/collections/ContextualAI/lmunit)
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</div>
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**LMUnit** is a state-of-the-art language model that is optimized for evaluating natural language unit tests. It takes three inputs: a prompt, a response, and a unit test. It then produces a continuous score between 1 and 5 where higher scores indicate that the response better satisfies the unit test criteria.
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The LMUnit model achieves leading averaged performance across preference, direct scoring, and fine-grained unit test evaluation tasks, as measured by FLASK and BiGGen Bench, and performs on par with frontier models for coarse evaluation of long-form responses (per LFQA). The model also demonstrates exceptional alignment with human preferences, ranking in the top 5 of the RewardBench benchmark with 93.5% accuracy and in top #2 of RewardBench2 with 82.1% accuracy.
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For more details, please check out the [blogpost](https://contextual.ai/research/lmunit) or the [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13091).
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## Model Details
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LMUnit is highly performant and versatile because of key methodologies in its training approach:
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- **Multi-Objective Training:** The model simultaneously learns from multiple evaluation signals, including pairwise comparisons between responses, direct quality ratings, and specialized criteria-based judgments.
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- **Synthetic Data Generation:** We developed a sophisticated pipeline to generate training data that captures nuanced, fine-grained evaluation criteria and subtle quality distinctions between responses across a wide range of use cases and scenarios.
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- **Importance Weighting:** We demonstrate that adjusting unit test weights to reflect the relative importance of different criteria achieves results that better align with human preferences.
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### Model Description
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- **Developed by:** Contextual AI
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** English
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- **Finetuned from model:** Qwen2.5-72B
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### Model Sources
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- **Repository:** https://github.com/ContextualAI/LMUnit
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- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13091
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## 🚀 Model Quick Start
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### Installation
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```bash
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pip install lmunit
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```
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### Basic Usage
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```python
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from lmunit import LMUnit
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from vllm import SamplingParams
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# Initialize LMUnit
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model = LMUnit(
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model_path="ContextualAI/LMUnit-qwen2.5-72b",
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tp_size=4
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)
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# Define evaluation
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query = "What is the capital of France?"
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response = "Paris"
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unit_test = "Does the response correctly identify the capital city?"
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# Generate score
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sampling_params = SamplingParams(temperature=0.0, max_tokens=10, logprobs=20)
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prompt = f"Query: {query}\n\nResponse: {response}\n\nUnit Test: {unit_test}"
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output = model.generate(prompt, sampling_params)
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print(output)
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```
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### Alternative: Using Transformers
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
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# Load model
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("ContextualAI/LMUnit-qwen2.5-72b")
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("ContextualAI/LMUnit-qwen2.5-72b")
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# Prepare prompt
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query = "What is the capital of France?"
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response = "Paris"
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unit_test = "Does the response correctly identify the capital city?"
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content = f"Query: {query}\n\nResponse: {response}\n\nUnit Test: {unit_test}"
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messages = [{"role": "user", "content": content}]
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inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
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messages,
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add_generation_prompt=True,
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tokenize=True,
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return_dict=True,
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return_tensors="pt",
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).to(model.device)
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# Generate
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=40)
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result = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1]:])
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print(result)
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```
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For more examples, see our [GitHub repository](https://github.com/ContextualAI/LMUnit).
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### Evaluation - Results
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| Model | Flask | BiGGen-Bench | Human-Internal | InfoBench | RB | LFQA | RB2 |
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|:------|------:|-------------:|---------------:|----------:|----:|------:|----:|
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| **LMUnit-LLaMA-3.1-70B** | 72.03 | 67.69 | 93.63 | 89.00 | 91.56 | 76.15 | 80.5 |
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| **LMUnit-Qwen2.5-72B** | 73.85 | 69.56 | 94.44 | 88.67 | 91.13 | 73.85 | 82.1 |
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## Citation
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If you find our work helpful, feel free to cite our paper:
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{saadfalcon2025lmunit,
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title={{LMUnit}: Fine-grained Evaluation with Natural Language Unit Tests},
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author={Jon Saad-Falcon and Rajan Vivek and William Berrios and Nandita Shankar Naik and Matija Franklin and Bertie Vidgen and Amanpreet Singh and Douwe Kiela and Shikib Mehri},
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booktitle={Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025},
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year={2025},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.13091}
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}
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```
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