app.py

# UVIS - Gradio App with Upload, URL & Video Support
"""
This script launches the UVIS (Unified Visual Intelligence System) as a Gradio Web App.
Supports image, video, and URL-based media inputs for detection, segmentation, and depth estimation.
Outputs include scene blueprint, structured JSON, and downloadable results.
"""

import gradio as gr
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import os
import io
import zipfile
import json
import tempfile
import logging
import cv2
import requests
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from registry import get_model
from core.describe_scene import describe_scene
import uuid
import time
import timeout_decorator
import socket
import ipaddress
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
import spaces

# Setup logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Model mappings
DETECTION_MODEL_MAP = {
    "YOLOv5-Nano": "yolov5n-seg",
    "YOLOv5-Small": "yolov5s-seg",
    "YOLOv8-Small": "yolov8s",
    "YOLOv8-Large": "yolov8l",
    "RT-DETR": "rtdetr"  # For future support
}

SEGMENTATION_MODEL_MAP = {
    "SegFormer-B0": "nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-ade-512-512",
    "SegFormer-B5": "nvidia/segformer-b5-finetuned-ade-512-512",
    "DeepLabV3-ResNet50": "deeplabv3_resnet50"
}

DEPTH_MODEL_MAP = {
    "MiDaS v21 Small 256": "midas_v21_small_256",
    "MiDaS v21 384": "midas_v21_384",
    "DPT Hybrid 384": "dpt_hybrid_384",
    "DPT Swin2 Large 384": "dpt_swin2_large_384",
    "DPT Beit Large 512": "dpt_beit_large_512"
}

# Resource Limits
MAX_IMAGE_MB = 5
MAX_IMAGE_RES = (1920, 1080)
MAX_VIDEO_MB = 50
MAX_VIDEO_DURATION = 30  # seconds


@spaces.GPU
def preload_models():
    """
    This function is needed to activate ZeroGPU. It must be decorated with @spaces.GPU.
    It can be used to warm up models or load them into memory.
    """
    from registry import get_model
    print("Warming up models for ZeroGPU...")
    get_model("detection", "yolov5n-seg", device="cpu")
    get_model("segmentation", "deeplabv3_resnet50", device="cpu")
    get_model("depth", "midas_v21_small_256", device="cpu")


# Utility Functions
def format_error(message):
    """Formats error messages for consistent user feedback."""
    return {"error": message}

def toggle_visibility(show, *components):
    """Toggles visibility for multiple Gradio components."""
    return [gr.update(visible=show) for _ in components]

def generate_session_id():
    """Generates a unique session ID for tracking inputs."""
    return str(uuid.uuid4())

def log_runtime(start_time):
    """Logs the runtime of a process."""
    elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
    logger.info(f"Process completed in {elapsed_time:.2f} seconds.")
    return elapsed_time

def is_public_ip(url):
    """
    Checks whether the resolved IP address of a URL is public (non-local).
    Prevents SSRF by blocking internal addresses like 127.0.0.1 or 192.168.x.x.
    """
    try:
        hostname = urlparse(url).hostname
        ip = socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
        ip_obj = ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
        return ip_obj.is_global  # Only allow globally routable IPs
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"URL IP validation failed: {e}")
        return False


def fetch_media_from_url(url):
    """
    Downloads media from a URL. Supports images and videos.
    Returns PIL.Image or video file path.
    """
    logger.info(f"Fetching media from URL: {url}")
    if not is_public_ip(url):
        logger.warning("Blocked non-public URL request (possible SSRF).")
        return None

    try:
        parsed_url = urlparse(url)
        ext = os.path.splitext(parsed_url.path)[-1].lower()
        headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0"}
        r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=10)

        if r.status_code != 200 or len(r.content) > 50 * 1024 * 1024:
            logger.warning(f"Download failed or file too large.")
            return None

        tmp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix=ext)
        tmp_file.write(r.content)
        tmp_file.close()

        if ext in [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png"]:
            return Image.open(tmp_file.name).convert("RGB")
        elif ext in [".mp4", ".avi", ".mov"]:
            return tmp_file.name
        else:
            logger.warning("Unsupported file type from URL.")
            return None
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"URL fetch failed: {e}")
        return None

# Input Validation Functions
def validate_image(img):
    """
    Validates the uploaded image based on size and resolution limits.

    Args:
        img (PIL.Image.Image): Image to validate.

    Returns:
        Tuple[bool, str or None]: (True, None) if valid; (False, reason) otherwise.
    """
    logger.info("Validating uploaded image.")
    try:
        buffer = io.BytesIO()
        img.save(buffer, format="PNG")
        size_mb = len(buffer.getvalue()) / (1024 * 1024)

        if size_mb > MAX_IMAGE_MB:
            logger.warning("Image exceeds size limit of 5MB.")
            return False, "Image exceeds 5MB limit."

        if img.width > MAX_IMAGE_RES[0] or img.height > MAX_IMAGE_RES[1]:
            logger.warning("Image resolution exceeds 1920x1080.")
            return False, "Image resolution exceeds 1920x1080."

        logger.info("Image validation passed.")
        return True, None
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Error validating image: {e}")
        return False, str(e)

def validate_video(path):
    """
    Validates the uploaded video based on size and duration limits.

    Args:
        path (str): Path to the video file.

    Returns:
        Tuple[bool, str or None]: (True, None) if valid; (False, reason) otherwise.
    """
    logger.info(f"Validating video file at: {path}")
    try:
        size_mb = os.path.getsize(path) / (1024 * 1024)
        if size_mb > MAX_VIDEO_MB:
            logger.warning("Video exceeds size limit of 50MB.")
            return False, "Video exceeds 50MB limit."

        cap = cv2.VideoCapture(path)
        fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
        frames = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT)
        duration = frames / fps if fps else 0
        cap.release()

        if duration > MAX_VIDEO_DURATION:
            logger.warning("Video exceeds 30 seconds duration limit.")
            return False, "Video exceeds 30 seconds duration limit."

        logger.info("Video validation passed.")
        return True, None
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Error validating video: {e}")
        return False, str(e)

# Input Resolution
def resolve_input(mode, uploaded_files, url):
    """
    Resolves the media input based on selected mode.
    - If mode is 'Upload', accepts either:
        * 1–5 images (PIL.Image)
        * OR 1 video file (file path as string)
    - If mode is 'URL', fetches remote image or video.
    
    Args:
        mode (str): 'Upload' or 'URL'
        uploaded_files (List[Union[PIL.Image.Image, str]]): Uploaded media
        url (str): URL to image or video

    Returns:
        List[Union[PIL.Image.Image, str]] or None
    """
    try:
        logger.info(f"Resolving input for mode: {mode}")

        if mode == "Upload":
            if not uploaded_files:
                logger.warning("No upload detected.")
                return None

            image_files = [f for f in uploaded_files if isinstance(f, Image.Image)]
            video_files = [f for f in uploaded_files if isinstance(f, str) and f.lower().endswith((".mp4", ".mov", ".avi"))]

            if image_files and video_files:
                logger.warning("Mixed media upload not supported (images + video).")
                return None

            if image_files:
                if 1 <= len(image_files) <= 5:
                    logger.info(f"Accepted {len(image_files)} image(s).")
                    return image_files
                logger.warning("Invalid number of images. Must be 1 to 5.")
                return None

            if video_files:
                if len(video_files) == 1:
                    logger.info("Accepted single video upload.")
                    return video_files
                logger.warning("Only one video allowed.")
                return None

            logger.warning("Unsupported upload type.")
            return None

        elif mode == "URL":
            if not url:
                logger.warning("URL mode selected but URL is empty.")
                return None
            media = fetch_media_from_url(url)
            if media:
                logger.info("Media successfully fetched from URL.")
                return [media]
            else:
                logger.warning("Failed to resolve media from URL.")
                return None

        else:
            logger.error(f"Invalid mode selected: {mode}")
            return None

    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Exception in resolve_input(): {e}")
        return None

@timeout_decorator.timeout(35, use_signals=False)  # 35 sec limit per image
def process_image(
    image: Image.Image,
    run_det: bool,
    det_model: str,
    det_confidence: float,
    run_seg: bool,
    seg_model: str,
    run_depth: bool,
    depth_model: str,
    blend: float
):
    """
    Runs selected perception tasks on the input image and packages results.

    Args:
        image (PIL.Image): Input image.
        run_det (bool): Run object detection.
        det_model (str): Detection model key.
        det_confidence (float): Detection confidence threshold.
        run_seg (bool): Run segmentation.
        seg_model (str): Segmentation model key.
        run_depth (bool): Run depth estimation.
        depth_model (str): Depth model key.
        blend (float): Overlay blend alpha (0.0 - 1.0).

    Returns:
        Tuple[Image, dict, Tuple[str, bytes]]: Final image, scene JSON, and downloadable ZIP.
    """
    logger.info("Starting image processing pipeline.")
    start_time = time.time()
    outputs, scene = {}, {}
    combined_np = np.array(image)

    try:
        # Detection
        if run_det:
            logger.info(f"Running detection with model: {det_model}")
            load_start = time.time()
            model = get_model("detection", DETECTION_MODEL_MAP[det_model], device="cpu")
            logger.info(f"{det_model} detection model loaded in {time.time() - load_start:.2f} seconds.")
            boxes = model.predict(image, conf_threshold=det_confidence)
            overlay = model.draw(image, boxes)
            combined_np = np.array(overlay)
            buf = io.BytesIO()
            overlay.save(buf, format="PNG")
            outputs["detection.png"] = buf.getvalue()
            scene["detection"] = boxes

        # Segmentation
        if run_seg:
            logger.info(f"Running segmentation with model: {seg_model}")
            load_start = time.time()
            model = get_model("segmentation", SEGMENTATION_MODEL_MAP[seg_model], device="cpu")
            logger.info(f"{seg_model} segmentation model loaded in {time.time() - load_start:.2f} seconds.")
            mask = model.predict(image)
            overlay = model.draw(image, mask, alpha=blend)
            combined_np = cv2.addWeighted(combined_np, 1 - blend, np.array(overlay), blend, 0)
            buf = io.BytesIO()
            overlay.save(buf, format="PNG")
            outputs["segmentation.png"] = buf.getvalue()
            scene["segmentation"] = mask.tolist()

        # Depth Estimation
        if run_depth:
            logger.info(f"Running depth estimation with model: {depth_model}")
            load_start = time.time()
            model = get_model("depth", DEPTH_MODEL_MAP[depth_model], device="cpu")
            logger.info(f"{depth_model} depth model loaded in {time.time() - load_start:.2f} seconds.")
            dmap = model.predict(image)
            norm_dmap = ((dmap - dmap.min()) / (dmap.ptp()) * 255).astype(np.uint8)
            d_pil = Image.fromarray(norm_dmap)
            combined_np = cv2.addWeighted(combined_np, 1 - blend, np.array(d_pil.convert("RGB")), blend, 0)
            buf = io.BytesIO()
            d_pil.save(buf, format="PNG")
            outputs["depth_map.png"] = buf.getvalue()
            scene["depth"] = dmap.tolist()

        # Final image overlay
        final_img = Image.fromarray(combined_np)
        buf = io.BytesIO()
        final_img.save(buf, format="PNG")
        outputs["scene_blueprint.png"] = buf.getvalue()

        # Scene description
        try:
            scene_json = describe_scene(**scene)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"describe_scene failed: {e}")
            scene_json = {"error": str(e)}
        telemetry = {
        "session_id": generate_session_id(),
        "runtime_sec": round(log_runtime(start_time), 2),
        "used_models": {
            "detection": det_model if run_det else None,
            "segmentation": seg_model if run_seg else None,
            "depth": depth_model if run_depth else None
            }
        }
        scene_json["telemetry"] = telemetry

        outputs["scene_description.json"] = json.dumps(scene_json, indent=2).encode("utf-8")

        # ZIP file creation
        zip_buf = io.BytesIO()
        with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_buf, "w") as zipf:
            for name, data in outputs.items():
                zipf.writestr(name, data)

        elapsed = log_runtime(start_time)
        logger.info(f"Image processing completed in {elapsed:.2f} seconds.")

        return final_img, scene_json, ("uvis_results.zip", zip_buf.getvalue())

    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Error in processing pipeline: {e}")
        return None, {"error": str(e)}, None

# Main Handler
def handle(mode, uploaded_files, url, run_det, det_model, det_confidence, run_seg, seg_model, run_depth, depth_model, blend):
    """
    Master handler for resolving input and processing.
    Returns outputs for Gradio interface.
    """
    session_id = generate_session_id()
    logger.info(f"Session ID: {session_id} | Handler activated with mode: {mode}")
    start_time = time.time()

    media = resolve_input(mode, uploaded_files, url)
    if not media:
        return None, format_error("No valid input provided. Please check your upload or URL."), None

    results = []
    for single_media in media:
        if isinstance(single_media, str):  # Video file
            valid, err = validate_video(single_media)
            if not valid:
                return None, format_error(err), None
            cap = cv2.VideoCapture(single_media)
            ret, frame = cap.read()
            cap.release()
            if not ret:
                return None, format_error("Failed to read video frame."), None
            single_media = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))

        if isinstance(single_media, Image.Image):
            valid, err = validate_image(single_media)
            if not valid:
                return None, format_error(err), None
            try:
                return process_image(single_media, run_det, det_model, det_confidence, run_seg, seg_model, run_depth, depth_model, blend)
            except timeout_decorator.timeout_decorator.TimeoutError:
                logger.error("Image processing timed out.")
                return None, format_error("Processing timed out. Try a smaller image or simpler model."), None

    logger.warning("Unsupported media type resolved.")
    log_runtime(start_time)
    return None, format_error("Invalid input. Please check your upload or URL."), None

# Gradio Interface
with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    gr.Markdown("## Unified Visual Intelligence System (UVIS)")

    # Input Mode Toggle
    mode = gr.Radio(["Upload", "URL"], value="Upload", label="Input Mode")
    
    # File upload: accepts multiple images or one video (user chooses wisely)
    media_upload = gr.File(
        label="Upload Images (1–5) or 1 Video",
        file_types=["image", ".mp4", ".mov", ".avi"],
        file_count="multiple"
    )
    
    # URL input
    url = gr.Textbox(label="URL (Image/Video)", visible=False)
    
    # Toggle visibility
    def toggle_inputs(selected_mode):
        return [
            gr.update(visible=(selected_mode == "Upload")),  # media_upload
            gr.update(visible=(selected_mode == "URL"))      # url
        ]
    
    mode.change(toggle_inputs, inputs=mode, outputs=[media_upload, url])


    # Task Selection with parameters
    with gr.Accordion("Object Detection Settings", open=False):
        run_det = gr.Checkbox(label="Enable Object Detection")
        det_model = gr.Dropdown(list(DETECTION_MODEL_MAP), label="Detection Model", visible=False)
        det_confidence = gr.Slider(0.1, 1.0, 0.5, label="Detection Confidence Threshold", visible=False)

    with gr.Accordion("Semantic Segmentation Settings", open=False):
        run_seg = gr.Checkbox(label="Enable Segmentation")
        seg_model = gr.Dropdown(list(SEGMENTATION_MODEL_MAP), label="Segmentation Model", visible=False)

    with gr.Accordion("Depth Estimation Settings", open=False):
        run_depth = gr.Checkbox(label="Enable Depth Estimation")
        depth_model = gr.Dropdown(list(DEPTH_MODEL_MAP), label="Depth Model", visible=False)

    blend = gr.Slider(0.0, 1.0, 0.5, label="Overlay Blend")
    
    # Run Button
    run = gr.Button("Run Analysis")
    
    # Output Tabs
    with gr.Tab("Scene JSON"):
        json_out = gr.JSON()
    with gr.Tab("Scene Blueprint"):
        img_out = gr.Image()
    with gr.Tab("Download"):
        zip_out = gr.File()

    # Attach Visibility Logic
    run_det.change(toggle_visibility, run_det, [det_model, det_confidence])
    run_seg.change(toggle_visibility, run_seg, [seg_model])
    run_depth.change(toggle_visibility, run_depth, [depth_model])

    # Button Click Event
    run.click(
        handle,
        inputs=[mode, uploaded_files, url, run_det, det_model, det_confidence, run_seg, seg_model, run_depth, depth_model, blend],
        outputs=[img_out, json_out, zip_out]
    )

    # Footer Section
    gr.Markdown("---")
    gr.Markdown(
        """
        <div style='text-align: center; font-size: 14px;'>
            Built by <b>Durga Deepak Valluri</b><br>
            <a href="https://github.com/DurgaDeepakValluri/UVIS" target="_blank">GitHub</a> |
            <a href="https://deecoded.io" target="_blank">Website</a> |
            <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/durga-deepak-valluri" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a>
        </div>
        """,
    )

# Launch the Gradio App
demo.launch()