Parent-Ancestor vs Child; super vs sub

Week 5: Class hierarchies/01A. Class hierarchies

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+Often, when programming an object, you come across a situation where 2 classes have COMMON FEATURES. 
+An example could be the classes Teacher and Student. 
+Both classes would have at least the attributes name and email. 
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+However, in addition to the common attributes, 
+the classes would also have separate attributes: 
+for example, a teacher would not have an attribute for the number of credits, and 
+a student would not have an attribute for the course being taught.
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+It is of course possible to create 2 separate classes with similar attributes. 
+However, it would often make more sense to use class hierarchies in such a situation.
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+The idea of a class hierarchy is that classes can have DESCENDANTS and corresponding PARENTS (or "ancestors"). 
+A class inherits characteristics from its parent. 
+If a class has multiple children, they all share certain common characteristics. 
+In addition to these, the children may, of course, have their own characteristics that are different from one another.
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+In addition to the client-supplier relationship discussed earlier, 
+the inheritance relationship is another important relationship in object oriented programming
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+Parent and child classes
+If class A inherits class B, 
+class A is said to be a child class of B. 
+Similarly, B is the parent class of A.
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+The following figure illustrates the inheritance relationships:
+![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/63d885f607cd1aa3c4a3ea30/rKFwQ-CFoRmxpILfjoDqS.png)
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+In the picture, for example
+- A Vehicle is a superclass of the categories Car and Motorcycle
+- The classes Hatchback and Truck are subclasses of the class Car
+- All other classes inherit the properties of the 'Vehicle' classes: 
+for example, Car and Motorcycle are both vehicles, but they also have their own, different properties.
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+The inheritance relationship therefore means that the inheriting class is also a parent class. 
+For example, a hatchback is also a car and a vehicle. 
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+Thus, the class Dog could naturally inherit the class Animal, 
+but the class Cat could not inherit the class Dog (because a dog is an animal, but a cat is not a dog). 
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+Similarly, the class Paperback could inherit the class Book, 
+but the class Page could not (paperback is a book, page is not a book, even though a book has pages).
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