utils/cv_processing.py

"""
Computer Vision Processing Module for BackgroundFX Pro
Contains segmentation, mask refinement, background replacement, and helper functions
"""

# Set OMP_NUM_THREADS at the very beginning to prevent libgomp errors
import os
if 'OMP_NUM_THREADS' not in os.environ:
    os.environ['OMP_NUM_THREADS'] = '4'
    os.environ['MKL_NUM_THREADS'] = '4'

import logging
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Dict, Any
import numpy as np
import cv2
import torch

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# ============================================================================
# CONFIGURATION AND CONSTANTS
# ============================================================================

# Version control flags for CV functions
USE_ENHANCED_SEGMENTATION = True
USE_AUTO_TEMPORAL_CONSISTENCY = True
USE_INTELLIGENT_PROMPTING = True
USE_ITERATIVE_REFINEMENT = True

# Professional background templates
PROFESSIONAL_BACKGROUNDS = {
    "office_modern": {
        "name": "Modern Office",
        "type": "gradient", 
        "colors": ["#f8f9fa", "#e9ecef", "#dee2e6"],
        "direction": "diagonal",
        "description": "Clean, contemporary office environment",
        "brightness": 0.95,
        "contrast": 1.1
    },
    "studio_blue": {
        "name": "Professional Blue",
        "type": "gradient",
        "colors": ["#1e3c72", "#2a5298", "#3498db"],
        "direction": "radial",
        "description": "Broadcast-quality blue studio",
        "brightness": 0.9,
        "contrast": 1.2
    },
    "studio_green": {
        "name": "Broadcast Green",
        "type": "color",
        "colors": ["#00b894"],
        "chroma_key": True,
        "description": "Professional green screen replacement",
        "brightness": 1.0,
        "contrast": 1.0
    },
    "minimalist": {
        "name": "Minimalist White",
        "type": "gradient",
        "colors": ["#ffffff", "#f1f2f6", "#ddd"],
        "direction": "soft_radial",
        "description": "Clean, minimal background",
        "brightness": 0.98,
        "contrast": 0.9
    },
    "warm_gradient": {
        "name": "Warm Sunset",
        "type": "gradient",
        "colors": ["#ff7675", "#fd79a8", "#fdcb6e"],
        "direction": "diagonal",
        "description": "Warm, inviting atmosphere",
        "brightness": 0.85,
        "contrast": 1.15
    },
    "tech_dark": {
        "name": "Tech Dark",
        "type": "gradient",
        "colors": ["#0c0c0c", "#2d3748", "#4a5568"],
        "direction": "vertical",
        "description": "Modern tech/gaming setup",
        "brightness": 0.7,
        "contrast": 1.3
    }
}

# ============================================================================
# CUSTOM EXCEPTIONS
# ============================================================================

class SegmentationError(Exception):
    """Custom exception for segmentation failures"""
    pass

class MaskRefinementError(Exception):
    """Custom exception for mask refinement failures"""
    pass

class BackgroundReplacementError(Exception):
    """Custom exception for background replacement failures"""
    pass

# ============================================================================
# MAIN SEGMENTATION FUNCTIONS
# ============================================================================

def segment_person_hq(image: np.ndarray, predictor: Any, fallback_enabled: bool = True) -> np.ndarray:
    """High-quality person segmentation with intelligent automation"""
    if not USE_ENHANCED_SEGMENTATION:
        return segment_person_hq_original(image, predictor, fallback_enabled)
    
    logger.debug("Using ENHANCED segmentation with intelligent automation")
    
    if image is None or image.size == 0:
        raise SegmentationError("Invalid input image")
    
    try:
        if predictor is None:
            if fallback_enabled:
                logger.warning("SAM2 predictor not available, using fallback")
                return _fallback_segmentation(image)
            else:
                raise SegmentationError("SAM2 predictor not available")
        
        try:
            predictor.set_image(image)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to set image in predictor: {e}")
            if fallback_enabled:
                return _fallback_segmentation(image)
            else:
                raise SegmentationError(f"Predictor setup failed: {e}")
        
        if USE_INTELLIGENT_PROMPTING:
            mask = _segment_with_intelligent_prompts(image, predictor)
        else:
            mask = _segment_with_basic_prompts(image, predictor)
        
        if USE_ITERATIVE_REFINEMENT and mask is not None:
            mask = _auto_refine_mask_iteratively(image, mask, predictor)
        
        if not _validate_mask_quality(mask, image.shape[:2]):
            logger.warning("Mask quality validation failed")
            if fallback_enabled:
                return _fallback_segmentation(image)
            else:
                raise SegmentationError("Poor mask quality")
        
        logger.debug(f"Enhanced segmentation successful - mask range: {mask.min()}-{mask.max()}")
        return mask
        
    except SegmentationError:
        raise
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Unexpected segmentation error: {e}")
        if fallback_enabled:
            return _fallback_segmentation(image)
        else:
            raise SegmentationError(f"Unexpected error: {e}")

def segment_person_hq_original(image: np.ndarray, predictor: Any, fallback_enabled: bool = True) -> np.ndarray:
    """Original version of person segmentation for rollback"""
    if image is None or image.size == 0:
        raise SegmentationError("Invalid input image")
    
    try:
        if predictor is None:
            if fallback_enabled:
                logger.warning("SAM2 predictor not available, using fallback")
                return _fallback_segmentation(image)
            else:
                raise SegmentationError("SAM2 predictor not available")
        
        try:
            predictor.set_image(image)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to set image in predictor: {e}")
            if fallback_enabled:
                return _fallback_segmentation(image)
            else:
                raise SegmentationError(f"Predictor setup failed: {e}")
        
        h, w = image.shape[:2]
        
        points = np.array([
            [w//2, h//4],
            [w//2, h//2],
            [w//2, 3*h//4],
            [w//3, h//2],
            [2*w//3, h//2],
            [w//2, h//6],
            [w//4, 2*h//3],
            [3*w//4, 2*h//3],
        ], dtype=np.float32)
        
        labels = np.ones(len(points), dtype=np.int32)
        
        try:
            with torch.no_grad():
                masks, scores, _ = predictor.predict(
                    point_coords=points,
                    point_labels=labels,
                    multimask_output=True
                )
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"SAM2 prediction failed: {e}")
            if fallback_enabled:
                return _fallback_segmentation(image)
            else:
                raise SegmentationError(f"Prediction failed: {e}")
        
        if masks is None or len(masks) == 0:
            logger.warning("SAM2 returned no masks")
            if fallback_enabled:
                return _fallback_segmentation(image)
            else:
                raise SegmentationError("No masks generated")
        
        if scores is None or len(scores) == 0:
            logger.warning("SAM2 returned no scores")
            best_mask = masks[0]
        else:
            best_idx = np.argmax(scores)
            best_mask = masks[best_idx]
            logger.debug(f"Selected mask {best_idx} with score {scores[best_idx]:.3f}")
        
        mask = _process_mask(best_mask)
        
        if not _validate_mask_quality(mask, image.shape[:2]):
            logger.warning("Mask quality validation failed")
            if fallback_enabled:
                return _fallback_segmentation(image)
            else:
                raise SegmentationError("Poor mask quality")
        
        logger.debug(f"Segmentation successful - mask range: {mask.min()}-{mask.max()}")
        return mask
        
    except SegmentationError:
        raise
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Unexpected segmentation error: {e}")
        if fallback_enabled:
            return _fallback_segmentation(image)
        else:
            raise SegmentationError(f"Unexpected error: {e}")

# ============================================================================
# MASK REFINEMENT FUNCTIONS
# ============================================================================

def refine_mask_hq(image: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, matanyone_processor: Any, 
                   fallback_enabled: bool = True) -> np.ndarray:
    """Enhanced mask refinement with MatAnyone and robust fallbacks"""
    if image is None or mask is None:
        raise MaskRefinementError("Invalid input image or mask")
    
    try:
        mask = _process_mask(mask)
        
        if matanyone_processor is not None:
            try:
                logger.debug("Attempting MatAnyone refinement")
                refined_mask = _matanyone_refine(image, mask, matanyone_processor)
                
                if refined_mask is not None and _validate_mask_quality(refined_mask, image.shape[:2]):
                    logger.debug("MatAnyone refinement successful")
                    return refined_mask
                else:
                    logger.warning("MatAnyone produced poor quality mask")
                    
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning(f"MatAnyone refinement failed: {e}")
        
        if fallback_enabled:
            logger.debug("Using enhanced OpenCV refinement")
            return enhance_mask_opencv_advanced(image, mask)
        else:
            raise MaskRefinementError("MatAnyone failed and fallback disabled")
            
    except MaskRefinementError:
        raise
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Unexpected mask refinement error: {e}")
        if fallback_enabled:
            return enhance_mask_opencv_advanced(image, mask)
        else:
            raise MaskRefinementError(f"Unexpected error: {e}")

def enhance_mask_opencv_advanced(image: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Advanced OpenCV-based mask enhancement with multiple techniques"""
    try:
        if len(mask.shape) == 3:
            mask = cv2.cvtColor(mask, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        
        if mask.max() <= 1.0:
            mask = (mask * 255).astype(np.uint8)
        
        refined_mask = cv2.bilateralFilter(mask, 9, 75, 75)
        refined_mask = _guided_filter_approx(image, refined_mask, radius=8, eps=0.2)
        
        kernel_close = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (5, 5))
        refined_mask = cv2.morphologyEx(refined_mask, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel_close)
        
        kernel_open = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (3, 3))
        refined_mask = cv2.morphologyEx(refined_mask, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel_open)
        
        refined_mask = cv2.GaussianBlur(refined_mask, (3, 3), 0.8)
        
        _, refined_mask = cv2.threshold(refined_mask, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
        
        return refined_mask
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Enhanced OpenCV refinement failed: {e}")
        return cv2.GaussianBlur(mask, (5, 5), 1.0)

# ============================================================================
# BACKGROUND REPLACEMENT FUNCTIONS
# ============================================================================

def replace_background_hq(frame: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, background: np.ndarray,
                         fallback_enabled: bool = True) -> np.ndarray:
    """Enhanced background replacement with comprehensive error handling"""
    if frame is None or mask is None or background is None:
        raise BackgroundReplacementError("Invalid input frame, mask, or background")
    
    try:
        background = cv2.resize(background, (frame.shape[1], frame.shape[0]), 
                               interpolation=cv2.INTER_LANCZOS4)
        
        if len(mask.shape) == 3:
            mask = cv2.cvtColor(mask, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        
        if mask.dtype != np.uint8:
            mask = mask.astype(np.uint8)
        
        if mask.max() <= 1.0:
            logger.debug("Converting normalized mask to 0-255 range")
            mask = (mask * 255).astype(np.uint8)
        
        try:
            result = _advanced_compositing(frame, mask, background)
            logger.debug("Advanced compositing successful")
            return result
            
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Advanced compositing failed: {e}")
            if fallback_enabled:
                return _simple_compositing(frame, mask, background)
            else:
                raise BackgroundReplacementError(f"Advanced compositing failed: {e}")
        
    except BackgroundReplacementError:
        raise
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Unexpected background replacement error: {e}")
        if fallback_enabled:
            return _simple_compositing(frame, mask, background)
        else:
            raise BackgroundReplacementError(f"Unexpected error: {e}")

def create_professional_background(bg_config: Dict[str, Any], width: int, height: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """Enhanced professional background creation with quality improvements"""
    try:
        if bg_config["type"] == "color":
            background = _create_solid_background(bg_config, width, height)
        elif bg_config["type"] == "gradient":
            background = _create_gradient_background_enhanced(bg_config, width, height)
        else:
            background = np.full((height, width, 3), (128, 128, 128), dtype=np.uint8)
        
        background = _apply_background_adjustments(background, bg_config)
        
        return background
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Background creation error: {e}")
        return np.full((height, width, 3), (128, 128, 128), dtype=np.uint8)

# ============================================================================
# VALIDATION FUNCTION
# ============================================================================

def validate_video_file(video_path: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
    """Enhanced video file validation with detailed checks"""
    if not video_path or not os.path.exists(video_path):
        return False, "Video file not found"
    
    try:
        file_size = os.path.getsize(video_path)
        if file_size == 0:
            return False, "Video file is empty"
        
        if file_size > 2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024:
            return False, "Video file too large (>2GB)"
        
        cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)
        if not cap.isOpened():
            return False, "Cannot open video file"
        
        frame_count = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT))
        fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS)
        width = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))
        height = int(cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
        
        cap.release()
        
        if frame_count == 0:
            return False, "Video appears to be empty (0 frames)"
        
        if fps <= 0 or fps > 120:
            return False, f"Invalid frame rate: {fps}"
        
        if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
            return False, f"Invalid resolution: {width}x{height}"
        
        if width > 4096 or height > 4096:
            return False, f"Resolution too high: {width}x{height} (max 4096x4096)"
        
        duration = frame_count / fps
        if duration > 300:
            return False, f"Video too long: {duration:.1f}s (max 300s)"
        
        return True, f"Valid video: {width}x{height}, {fps:.1f}fps, {duration:.1f}s"
        
    except Exception as e:
        return False, f"Error validating video: {str(e)}"

# ============================================================================
# HELPER FUNCTIONS - SEGMENTATION
# ============================================================================

def _segment_with_intelligent_prompts(image: np.ndarray, predictor: Any) -> np.ndarray:
    """Intelligent automatic prompt generation for segmentation"""
    try:
        h, w = image.shape[:2]
        pos_points, neg_points = _generate_smart_prompts(image)
        
        if len(pos_points) == 0:
            pos_points = np.array([[w//2, h//2]], dtype=np.float32)
        
        points = np.vstack([pos_points, neg_points])
        labels = np.hstack([
            np.ones(len(pos_points), dtype=np.int32),
            np.zeros(len(neg_points), dtype=np.int32)
        ])
        
        logger.debug(f"Using {len(pos_points)} positive, {len(neg_points)} negative points")
        
        with torch.no_grad():
            masks, scores, _ = predictor.predict(
                point_coords=points,
                point_labels=labels,
                multimask_output=True
            )
        
        if masks is None or len(masks) == 0:
            raise SegmentationError("No masks generated")
        
        if scores is not None and len(scores) > 0:
            best_idx = np.argmax(scores)
            best_mask = masks[best_idx]
            logger.debug(f"Selected mask {best_idx} with score {scores[best_idx]:.3f}")
        else:
            best_mask = masks[0]
        
        return _process_mask(best_mask)
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Intelligent prompting failed: {e}")
        raise

def _segment_with_basic_prompts(image: np.ndarray, predictor: Any) -> np.ndarray:
    """Basic prompting method for segmentation"""
    h, w = image.shape[:2]
    
    positive_points = np.array([
        [w//2, h//3],
        [w//2, h//2],
        [w//2, 2*h//3],
    ], dtype=np.float32)
    
    negative_points = np.array([
        [w//10, h//10],
        [9*w//10, h//10],
        [w//10, 9*h//10],
        [9*w//10, 9*h//10],
    ], dtype=np.float32)
    
    points = np.vstack([positive_points, negative_points])
    labels = np.array([1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0], dtype=np.int32)
    
    with torch.no_grad():
        masks, scores, _ = predictor.predict(
            point_coords=points,
            point_labels=labels,
            multimask_output=True
        )
    
    if masks is None or len(masks) == 0:
        raise SegmentationError("No masks generated")
    
    best_idx = np.argmax(scores) if scores is not None and len(scores) > 0 else 0
    best_mask = masks[best_idx]
    
    return _process_mask(best_mask)

def _generate_smart_prompts(image: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
    """Generate optimal positive/negative points automatically"""
    try:
        h, w = image.shape[:2]
        
        try:
            saliency = cv2.saliency.StaticSaliencySpectralResidual_create()
            success, saliency_map = saliency.computeSaliency(image)
            
            if success:
                saliency_thresh = cv2.threshold(saliency_map, 0.7, 1, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)[1]
                contours, _ = cv2.findContours((saliency_thresh * 255).astype(np.uint8), 
                                               cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
                
                positive_points = []
                if contours:
                    for contour in sorted(contours, key=cv2.contourArea, reverse=True)[:3]:
                        M = cv2.moments(contour)
                        if M["m00"] != 0:
                            cx = int(M["m10"] / M["m00"])
                            cy = int(M["m01"] / M["m00"])
                            if 0 < cx < w and 0 < cy < h:
                                positive_points.append([cx, cy])
                
                if positive_points:
                    logger.debug(f"Generated {len(positive_points)} saliency-based points")
                    positive_points = np.array(positive_points, dtype=np.float32)
                else:
                    raise Exception("No valid saliency points found")
                    
        except Exception as e:
            logger.debug(f"Saliency method failed: {e}, using fallback")
            positive_points = np.array([
                [w//2, h//3],
                [w//2, h//2],
                [w//2, 2*h//3],
            ], dtype=np.float32)
        
        negative_points = np.array([
            [10, 10],
            [w-10, 10],
            [10, h-10],
            [w-10, h-10],
            [w//2, 5],
            [w//2, h-5],
        ], dtype=np.float32)
        
        return positive_points, negative_points
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Smart prompt generation failed: {e}")
        h, w = image.shape[:2]
        positive_points = np.array([[w//2, h//2]], dtype=np.float32)
        negative_points = np.array([[10, 10], [w-10, 10]], dtype=np.float32)
        return positive_points, negative_points

# ============================================================================
# HELPER FUNCTIONS - REFINEMENT
# ============================================================================

def _auto_refine_mask_iteratively(image: np.ndarray, initial_mask: np.ndarray, 
                                predictor: Any, max_iterations: int = 2) -> np.ndarray:
    """Automatically refine mask based on quality assessment"""
    try:
        current_mask = initial_mask.copy()
        
        for iteration in range(max_iterations):
            quality_score = _assess_mask_quality(current_mask, image)
            logger.debug(f"Iteration {iteration}: quality score = {quality_score:.3f}")
            
            if quality_score > 0.85:
                logger.debug(f"Quality sufficient after {iteration} iterations")
                break
            
            problem_areas = _find_mask_errors(current_mask, image)
            
            if np.any(problem_areas):
                corrective_points, corrective_labels = _generate_corrective_prompts(
                    image, current_mask, problem_areas
                )
                
                if len(corrective_points) > 0:
                    try:
                        with torch.no_grad():
                            masks, scores, _ = predictor.predict(
                                point_coords=corrective_points,
                                point_labels=corrective_labels,
                                mask_input=current_mask[None, :, :],
                                multimask_output=False
                            )
                        
                        if masks is not None and len(masks) > 0:
                            refined_mask = _process_mask(masks[0])
                            
                            if _assess_mask_quality(refined_mask, image) > quality_score:
                                current_mask = refined_mask
                                logger.debug(f"Improved mask in iteration {iteration}")
                            else:
                                logger.debug(f"Refinement didn't improve quality in iteration {iteration}")
                                break
                        
                    except Exception as e:
                        logger.debug(f"Refinement iteration {iteration} failed: {e}")
                        break
            else:
                logger.debug("No problem areas detected")
                break
        
        return current_mask
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Iterative refinement failed: {e}")
        return initial_mask

def _assess_mask_quality(mask: np.ndarray, image: np.ndarray) -> float:
    """Assess mask quality automatically"""
    try:
        h, w = image.shape[:2]
        scores = []
        
        mask_area = np.sum(mask > 127)
        total_area = h * w
        area_ratio = mask_area / total_area
        
        if 0.05 <= area_ratio <= 0.8:
            area_score = 1.0
        elif area_ratio < 0.05:
            area_score = area_ratio / 0.05
        else:
            area_score = max(0, 1.0 - (area_ratio - 0.8) / 0.2)
        scores.append(area_score)
        
        mask_binary = mask > 127
        if np.any(mask_binary):
            mask_center_y, mask_center_x = np.where(mask_binary)
            center_y = np.mean(mask_center_y) / h
            center_x = np.mean(mask_center_x) / w
            
            center_score = 1.0 - min(abs(center_x - 0.5), abs(center_y - 0.5))
            scores.append(center_score)
        else:
            scores.append(0.0)
        
        edges = cv2.Canny(mask, 50, 150)
        edge_density = np.sum(edges > 0) / total_area
        smoothness_score = max(0, 1.0 - edge_density * 10)
        scores.append(smoothness_score)
        
        num_labels, _ = cv2.connectedComponents(mask)
        connectivity_score = max(0, 1.0 - (num_labels - 2) * 0.2)
        scores.append(connectivity_score)
        
        weights = [0.3, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2]
        overall_score = np.average(scores, weights=weights)
        
        return overall_score
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Quality assessment failed: {e}")
        return 0.5

def _find_mask_errors(mask: np.ndarray, image: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Identify problematic areas in mask"""
    try:
        gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        edges = cv2.Canny(gray, 50, 150)
        mask_edges = cv2.Canny(mask, 50, 150)
        edge_discrepancy = cv2.bitwise_xor(edges, mask_edges)
        kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (5, 5))
        error_regions = cv2.dilate(edge_discrepancy, kernel, iterations=1)
        return error_regions > 0
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Error detection failed: {e}")
        return np.zeros_like(mask, dtype=bool)

def _generate_corrective_prompts(image: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, 
                               problem_areas: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
    """Generate corrective prompts based on problem areas"""
    try:
        contours, _ = cv2.findContours(problem_areas.astype(np.uint8), 
                                       cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
        
        corrective_points = []
        corrective_labels = []
        
        for contour in contours:
            if cv2.contourArea(contour) > 100:
                M = cv2.moments(contour)
                if M["m00"] != 0:
                    cx = int(M["m10"] / M["m00"])
                    cy = int(M["m01"] / M["m00"])
                    
                    current_mask_value = mask[cy, cx]
                    
                    if current_mask_value < 127:
                        corrective_points.append([cx, cy])
                        corrective_labels.append(1)
                    else:
                        corrective_points.append([cx, cy])
                        corrective_labels.append(0)
        
        return (np.array(corrective_points, dtype=np.float32) if corrective_points else np.array([]).reshape(0, 2),
                np.array(corrective_labels, dtype=np.int32) if corrective_labels else np.array([], dtype=np.int32))
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Corrective prompt generation failed: {e}")
        return np.array([]).reshape(0, 2), np.array([], dtype=np.int32)

# ============================================================================
# HELPER FUNCTIONS - PROCESSING
# ============================================================================

def _process_mask(mask: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Process raw mask to ensure correct format and range"""
    try:
        if len(mask.shape) > 2:
            mask = mask.squeeze()
        
        if len(mask.shape) > 2:
            mask = mask[:, :, 0] if mask.shape[2] > 0 else mask.sum(axis=2)
        
        if mask.dtype == bool:
            mask = mask.astype(np.uint8) * 255
        elif mask.dtype == np.float32 or mask.dtype == np.float64:
            if mask.max() <= 1.0:
                mask = (mask * 255).astype(np.uint8)
            else:
                mask = np.clip(mask, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
        else:
            mask = mask.astype(np.uint8)
        
        kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
        mask = cv2.morphologyEx(mask, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
        mask = cv2.morphologyEx(mask, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
        
        _, mask = cv2.threshold(mask, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
        
        return mask
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Mask processing failed: {e}")
        h, w = mask.shape[:2] if len(mask.shape) >= 2 else (256, 256)
        fallback = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=np.uint8)
        fallback[h//4:3*h//4, w//4:3*w//4] = 255
        return fallback

def _validate_mask_quality(mask: np.ndarray, image_shape: Tuple[int, int]) -> bool:
    """Validate that the mask meets quality criteria"""
    try:
        h, w = image_shape
        mask_area = np.sum(mask > 127)
        total_area = h * w
        
        area_ratio = mask_area / total_area
        if area_ratio < 0.05 or area_ratio > 0.8:
            logger.warning(f"Suspicious mask area ratio: {area_ratio:.3f}")
            return False
        
        mask_binary = mask > 127
        mask_center_y, mask_center_x = np.where(mask_binary)
        
        if len(mask_center_y) == 0:
            logger.warning("Empty mask")
            return False
        
        center_y = np.mean(mask_center_y)
        center_x = np.mean(mask_center_x)
        
        if center_y < h * 0.2 or center_y > h * 0.9:
            logger.warning(f"Mask center too far from expected person location: y={center_y/h:.2f}")
            return False
        
        return True
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Mask validation error: {e}")
        return True

def _fallback_segmentation(image: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Fallback segmentation when AI models fail"""
    try:
        logger.info("Using fallback segmentation strategy")
        h, w = image.shape[:2]
        
        try:
            gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
            
            edge_pixels = np.concatenate([
                gray[0, :], gray[-1, :], gray[:, 0], gray[:, -1]
            ])
            bg_color = np.median(edge_pixels)
            
            diff = np.abs(gray.astype(float) - bg_color)
            mask = (diff > 30).astype(np.uint8) * 255
            
            kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (7, 7))
            mask = cv2.morphologyEx(mask, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
            mask = cv2.morphologyEx(mask, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
            
            if _validate_mask_quality(mask, image.shape[:2]):
                logger.info("Background subtraction fallback successful")
                return mask
                
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Background subtraction fallback failed: {e}")
        
        mask = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=np.uint8)
        
        center_x, center_y = w // 2, h // 2
        radius_x, radius_y = w // 3, h // 2.5
        
        y, x = np.ogrid[:h, :w]
        mask_ellipse = ((x - center_x) / radius_x) ** 2 + ((y - center_y) / radius_y) ** 2 <= 1
        mask[mask_ellipse] = 255
        
        logger.info("Using geometric fallback mask")
        return mask
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"All fallback strategies failed: {e}")
        h, w = image.shape[:2]
        mask = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=np.uint8)
        mask[h//6:5*h//6, w//4:3*w//4] = 255
        return mask

def _matanyone_refine(image: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, processor: Any) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
    """Attempt MatAnyone mask refinement"""
    try:
        if hasattr(processor, 'infer'):
            refined_mask = processor.infer(image, mask)
        elif hasattr(processor, 'process'):
            refined_mask = processor.process(image, mask)
        elif callable(processor):
            refined_mask = processor(image, mask)
        else:
            logger.warning("Unknown MatAnyone interface")
            return None
        
        if refined_mask is None:
            return None
        
        refined_mask = _process_mask(refined_mask)
        logger.debug("MatAnyone refinement successful")
        return refined_mask
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"MatAnyone processing error: {e}")
        return None

def _guided_filter_approx(guide: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, radius: int = 8, eps: float = 0.2) -> np.ndarray:
    """Approximation of guided filter for edge-aware smoothing"""
    try:
        guide_gray = cv2.cvtColor(guide, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) if len(guide.shape) == 3 else guide
        guide_gray = guide_gray.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
        mask_float = mask.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
        
        kernel_size = 2 * radius + 1
        
        mean_guide = cv2.boxFilter(guide_gray, -1, (kernel_size, kernel_size))
        mean_mask = cv2.boxFilter(mask_float, -1, (kernel_size, kernel_size))
        corr_guide_mask = cv2.boxFilter(guide_gray * mask_float, -1, (kernel_size, kernel_size))
        
        cov_guide_mask = corr_guide_mask - mean_guide * mean_mask
        mean_guide_sq = cv2.boxFilter(guide_gray * guide_gray, -1, (kernel_size, kernel_size))
        var_guide = mean_guide_sq - mean_guide * mean_guide
        
        a = cov_guide_mask / (var_guide + eps)
        b = mean_mask - a * mean_guide
        
        mean_a = cv2.boxFilter(a, -1, (kernel_size, kernel_size))
        mean_b = cv2.boxFilter(b, -1, (kernel_size, kernel_size))
        
        output = mean_a * guide_gray + mean_b
        output = np.clip(output * 255, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
        
        return output
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Guided filter approximation failed: {e}")
        return mask

# ============================================================================
# HELPER FUNCTIONS - COMPOSITING
# ============================================================================

def _advanced_compositing(frame: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, background: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Advanced compositing with edge feathering and color correction"""
    try:
        threshold = 100
        _, mask_binary = cv2.threshold(mask, threshold, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
        
        kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (5, 5))
        mask_binary = cv2.morphologyEx(mask_binary, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
        mask_binary = cv2.morphologyEx(mask_binary, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
        
        mask_smooth = cv2.GaussianBlur(mask_binary.astype(np.float32), (5, 5), 1.0)
        mask_smooth = mask_smooth / 255.0
        
        mask_smooth = np.power(mask_smooth, 0.8)
        
        mask_smooth = np.where(mask_smooth > 0.5, 
                              np.minimum(mask_smooth * 1.1, 1.0),
                              mask_smooth * 0.9)
        
        frame_adjusted = _color_match_edges(frame, background, mask_smooth)
        
        alpha_3ch = np.stack([mask_smooth] * 3, axis=2)
        
        frame_float = frame_adjusted.astype(np.float32)
        background_float = background.astype(np.float32)
        
        result = frame_float * alpha_3ch + background_float * (1 - alpha_3ch)
        result = np.clip(result, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
        
        return result
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Advanced compositing error: {e}")
        raise

def _color_match_edges(frame: np.ndarray, background: np.ndarray, alpha: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Subtle color matching at edges to reduce halos"""
    try:
        edge_mask = cv2.Sobel(alpha, cv2.CV_64F, 1, 1, ksize=3)
        edge_mask = np.abs(edge_mask)
        edge_mask = (edge_mask > 0.1).astype(np.float32)
        
        edge_areas = edge_mask > 0
        if not np.any(edge_areas):
            return frame
        
        frame_adjusted = frame.copy().astype(np.float32)
        background_float = background.astype(np.float32)
        
        adjustment_strength = 0.1
        for c in range(3):
            frame_adjusted[:, :, c] = np.where(
                edge_areas,
                frame_adjusted[:, :, c] * (1 - adjustment_strength) + 
                background_float[:, :, c] * adjustment_strength,
                frame_adjusted[:, :, c]
            )
        
        return np.clip(frame_adjusted, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Color matching failed: {e}")
        return frame

def _simple_compositing(frame: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray, background: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
    """Simple fallback compositing method"""
    try:
        logger.info("Using simple compositing fallback")
        
        background = cv2.resize(background, (frame.shape[1], frame.shape[0]))
        
        if len(mask.shape) == 3:
            mask = cv2.cvtColor(mask, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        if mask.max() <= 1.0:
            mask = (mask * 255).astype(np.uint8)
        
        _, mask_binary = cv2.threshold(mask, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
        
        mask_norm = mask_binary.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
        mask_3ch = np.stack([mask_norm] * 3, axis=2)
        
        result = frame * mask_3ch + background * (1 - mask_3ch)
        return result.astype(np.uint8)
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Simple compositing failed: {e}")
        return frame

# ============================================================================
# HELPER FUNCTIONS - BACKGROUND CREATION
# ============================================================================

def _create_solid_background(bg_config: Dict[str, Any], width: int, height: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """Create solid color background"""
    color_hex = bg_config["colors"][0].lstrip('#')
    color_rgb = tuple(int(color_hex[i:i+2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))
    color_bgr = color_rgb[::-1]
    return np.full((height, width, 3), color_bgr, dtype=np.uint8)

def _create_gradient_background_enhanced(bg_config: Dict[str, Any], width: int, height: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """Create enhanced gradient background with better quality"""
    try:
        colors = bg_config["colors"]
        direction = bg_config.get("direction", "vertical")
        
        rgb_colors = []
        for color_hex in colors:
            color_hex = color_hex.lstrip('#')
            rgb = tuple(int(color_hex[i:i+2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))
            rgb_colors.append(rgb)
        
        if not rgb_colors:
            rgb_colors = [(128, 128, 128)]
        
        if direction == "vertical":
            background = _create_vertical_gradient(rgb_colors, width, height)
        elif direction == "horizontal":
            background = _create_horizontal_gradient(rgb_colors, width, height)
        elif direction == "diagonal":
            background = _create_diagonal_gradient(rgb_colors, width, height)
        elif direction in ["radial", "soft_radial"]:
            background = _create_radial_gradient(rgb_colors, width, height, direction == "soft_radial")
        else:
            background = _create_vertical_gradient(rgb_colors, width, height)
        
        return cv2.cvtColor(background, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Gradient creation error: {e}")
        return np.full((height, width, 3), (128, 128, 128), dtype=np.uint8)

def _create_vertical_gradient(colors: list, width: int, height: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """Create vertical gradient using NumPy for performance"""
    gradient = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    
    for y in range(height):
        progress = y / height if height > 0 else 0
        color = _interpolate_color(colors, progress)
        gradient[y, :] = color
    
    return gradient

def _create_horizontal_gradient(colors: list, width: int, height: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """Create horizontal gradient using NumPy for performance"""
    gradient = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    
    for x in range(width):
        progress = x / width if width > 0 else 0
        color = _interpolate_color(colors, progress)
        gradient[:, x] = color
    
    return gradient

def _create_diagonal_gradient(colors: list, width: int, height: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """Create diagonal gradient using vectorized operations"""
    y_coords, x_coords = np.mgrid[0:height, 0:width]
    max_distance = width + height
    progress = (x_coords + y_coords) / max_distance
    progress = np.clip(progress, 0, 1)
    
    gradient = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    for c in range(3):
        gradient[:, :, c] = _vectorized_color_interpolation(colors, progress, c)
    
    return gradient

def _create_radial_gradient(colors: list, width: int, height: int, soft: bool = False) -> np.ndarray:
    """Create radial gradient using vectorized operations"""
    center_x, center_y = width // 2, height // 2
    max_distance = np.sqrt(center_x**2 + center_y**2)
    
    y_coords, x_coords = np.mgrid[0:height, 0:width]
    distances = np.sqrt((x_coords - center_x)**2 + (y_coords - center_y)**2)
    progress = distances / max_distance
    progress = np.clip(progress, 0, 1)
    
    if soft:
        progress = np.power(progress, 0.7)
    
    gradient = np.zeros((height, width, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    for c in range(3):
        gradient[:, :, c] = _vectorized_color_interpolation(colors, progress, c)
    
    return gradient

def _vectorized_color_interpolation(colors: list, progress: np.ndarray, channel: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """Vectorized color interpolation for performance"""
    if len(colors) == 1:
        return np.full_like(progress, colors[0][channel], dtype=np.uint8)
    
    num_segments = len(colors) - 1
    segment_progress = progress * num_segments
    segment_indices = np.floor(segment_progress).astype(int)
    segment_indices = np.clip(segment_indices, 0, num_segments - 1)
    local_progress = segment_progress - segment_indices
    
    start_colors = np.array([colors[i][channel] for i in range(len(colors))])
    end_colors = np.array([colors[min(i + 1, len(colors) - 1)][channel] for i in range(len(colors))])
    
    start_vals = start_colors[segment_indices]
    end_vals = end_colors[segment_indices]
    
    result = start_vals + (end_vals - start_vals) * local_progress
    return np.clip(result, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)

def _interpolate_color(colors: list, progress: float) -> tuple:
    """Interpolate between multiple colors"""
    if len(colors) == 1:
        return colors[0]
    elif len(colors) == 2:
        r = int(colors[0][0] + (colors[1][0] - colors[0][0]) * progress)
        g = int(colors[0][1] + (colors[1][1] - colors[0][1]) * progress)
        b = int(colors[0][2] + (colors[1][2] - colors[0][2]) * progress)
        return (r, g, b)
    else:
        segment = progress * (len(colors) - 1)
        idx = int(segment)
        local_progress = segment - idx
        if idx >= len(colors) - 1:
            return colors[-1]
        c1, c2 = colors[idx], colors[idx + 1]
        r = int(c1[0] + (c2[0] - c1[0]) * local_progress)
        g = int(c1[1] + (c2[1] - c1[1]) * local_progress)
        b = int(c1[2] + (c2[2] - c1[2]) * local_progress)
        return (r, g, b)

def _apply_background_adjustments(background: np.ndarray, bg_config: Dict[str, Any]) -> np.ndarray:
    """Apply brightness and contrast adjustments to background"""
    try:
        brightness = bg_config.get("brightness", 1.0)
        contrast = bg_config.get("contrast", 1.0)
        
        if brightness != 1.0 or contrast != 1.0:
            background = background.astype(np.float32)
            background = background * contrast * brightness
            background = np.clip(background, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
        
        return background
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning(f"Background adjustment failed: {e}")
        return background