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Pure-bred or Composite? - How 'pure' is a pure breed?
Pure 'British Breeds' were historically the 'status' alternative to Merinos. 'Cross-breds' were second class, usually destined for slaughter. 'Composites' is a newer term, usually for breeding stock with genes chosen for excellence from several breeds.
Studs, the breed societies and ASSBA (Australian Stud Sheep Breeders Association) were historically focussed on keeping established breeds pure. A 'composite stud' seemed a contradiction in terms! However some stud breeders, as well as their customers, now want to share the new genetic improvement options for both gene selection and gene transfer. They argue that 'rare breed' enthusiasts can focus on purity, but studs should meet commercial needs. This can be quite controversial.
A complication for many breed societies comes from the new genes involved with breeding to poll. Some breed societies have rules which base 'purity' on the number of back-crosses to the base breed ancestor, using the logic that after four or five back- crosses the resulting lamb has a very high percentage of the 'blood' of the base breed.
However flocks can go through back-crosses following 'purity' rules, but can still keep more genes than just poll. If the polled ancestor was an old-style 'coat-hanger' Merino ("just a bone frame for a wool coat"), a buyer hopes that the poor meat genes have been bred out. If the polled ancestor was a White Suffolk, Poll Dorset, Texel or SAMM, the breeder will probably want to keep its good meat genes as well as the poll gene. If other genes are not bred out, the final flock is more than just a polled version of the original breed. When a new ram is bought from another flock which has used a different breed as the polled ancestor, complex genetic mixing is inevitable.
Some genes can be checked visually (eg horn genes in rams), and there are genetic tests for some genes (also horn/ poll). However there are no affordable tests to check for all the genes of other breeds. Even if the 'purity' rules have been followed, you are still buying a combination of breed genes. Whether 'pure breds', 'cross-breds' or 'composites', almost all sheep in Australia have some genetic mixing.
In the future, affordable genetic tests may let every breeder check their flock's genes against a 'pure' standard. There are already hints that the results may be a shock, and may provide pure breed societies and their members with a lot of problems. Certainly it will put the spotlight on 'purity' as a goal, compared with gene transfer.
In the meantime, both farmers and stud breeders need to make their own decisions!
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A few years ago we conducted a static contraction training study using eight middle-aged golfers. We wanted to determine how little exercise could not only result in increased strength but also how it would transfer to athletic performance. We chose golf because swinging a club uses a very exaggerated range of motion and our abbreviated Static Contraction workout used no range of motion. That right, no movement exercise to see if it would improve a full-range sport like golf.
The subjects were given a workout that consisted of six exercises performed on one day and six different exercises done on a different workout day. Each exercise involved a 10 to 20-second static hold. A weight was lifted into position (sometimes with assistance) and then held statically without locking out. This was back in the days when we still thought a person needed to hold the weight 10 to 20 seconds. Now we know that is not only not necessary, it also means using a much lighter weight.
So these workouts had an actual exercise duration of only 60 to 120 seconds. Over a six-week period these subjects performed between 4 and 9 workouts, averaging 6.6 workouts in the six-week period. That is as little as one minute of actual exercise about once per week for six weeks.
So what happened?
Measurements of their strength in twelve muscle groups were compared for a before and after calculation of improvement. The results of their fourteen minutes of exercise over six weeks were as follows:
Lower Back +58%
Forearm Flexors +87%
Forearm Extensors +93%
OVERALL +84% after 14 min of exercise spread over 6 weeks
Compare the above results with a conventional training protocol. Most people do at least two exercises per muscle group, perform three sets and perhaps 12 or 15 reps per set. Allowing just five seconds per rep this makes for at least 36 minutes of exercise per workout. This is usually done three times per week. So, in six weeks a conventional program would involve 648 minutes of exercise. That’s 42 times more work than the subjects on our study! But are conventional results 42 times better? How could they be? Look at those improvement numbers again. When was the last time you had 6 weeks even equal to that, never mind surpassing it?
Remember, these golfers were exercising in a way that did not involve stretching or moving the weight over a full range of motion. So how did this affect a full range of motion activity like a golf drive?
Every one of them showed an improvement. The increase in drive distance varied from 5 to 31 yards! Keep in mind that these subjects had been golfing for up to forty years and had handicaps as low as eleven. So getting any improvement in golfers who already play at this level is impressive. Getting it with 14 minutes of exercise spread over six weeks is truly revolutionary.
The fact is every sport – even a finesse sport like golf – is improved by an increase in strength. Muscles are responsible for all movement in the body and stronger muscles will deliver more power to every aspect of movement, irrespective of its range of motion.
Since this study we’ve gone on to improve static contraction training. Further research showed that static hold times could be reduced to even less than what the golfers used. Workouts can be spaced farther apart as a trainee gets stronger. I work with advanced trainees who train once every six weeks, yet they gain in strength on every exercise each time they work out. The weights they hoist are enormous.
We believe the time is coming when most people will have a better understanding of the role of proper, efficient strength training methods and frequency. For the person who wants maximum results with minimum time invested, an ultra-brief but ultra-intense workout will be performed about as often as they get a haircut. Anything more is just lifting weights as a busy-work hobby.
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My days begin at 4:40 AM. I know, you think I am crazy. And don’t start figuring out the difference between the time when you and I get out of bed in the mornings because, let me reassure you, we probably do not go to bed at the same time; I am a proudly declared grandma. Plus, no two people are the same. Let it be said that I sincerely love the mornings. I love watching the sunrise. I love having time to decompress before rushing out the door. Most importantly, I love having the time to myself before the rest of the city wakes up. So, why does my alarm go off at such an ungodly hour? Because my day starts long before I get to my desk. During my first year at my full-time job I came to notice two things: I was incredibly tired and un-energetic in the mornings, and I was continuously missing workouts when my after-work plans suddenly changed. Between work happy hours, client dinners, meeting up with friends, and just having downright no interest in going to the gym after a 10+ hour work day, I found myself not exercising as much as I would have liked to. Personally, I am someone who views working out as a form of therapy. Playing sports all my life, my body craves the movement and the act of sweating. To be quite frank, without it I turn into a bit of a crazy lady. So, here I found myself, a year of full-time work under my belt, a slew of missed and neglected workouts, the beginnings of some pent-up stress and anxiety, and a new (and very unwelcome) digestive issue.
By taking a step back to reassess, I came to the conclusion of two things: I needed to address the food I was putting in to my body to help my digestive issues, and physical activity needed to become a priority in my life again. The former became a much longer journey, and eventually why I started Freckled Foodie, but the latter was an easy fix. It was time to finally bite the bullet and begin working out in the mornings. After a few weeks of getting used to this lifestyle, and some extremely “airplane mode” mornings at work filled with multiple cups of coffee, I have fully adapted to and welcomed my pre-5AM alarm. Yes, it may be dark out, and yes, some mornings I would like to lay under my duvet for the next few hours, but a morning workout clears my mind (hello therapy), surprisingly gives me energy for the day, and provides me with a free schedule when I leave the office. It is also no surprise to me that once I began incorporating physical activity back into my life my stress and anxiety decreased and therefore also helped with my digestive issues. Another thing that helped immensely? My morning drink that I have first thing every day, which features Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides: an incredibly beneficial for gut health by helping repair the sensitive lining and infrastructure of the stomach and the small/large intestines.
To see what happens after my alarm goes off, here is my morning routine:
- 4:44AM & 4:46AM alarms go off (I’m a freak that hates odd numbers)
- Thoughtless journaling. This is by no means helpful information or worthy writing, but it allows me to get out all of the worthless mind cluttering thoughts that I have and encourages clarity throughout the rest of the day
- Daily vitamin supplements: calcium magnesium, vitamin B-complex, vitamin C, fermented cod liver oil, flax seed oil, ashwagandha root, turmeric, and a probiotic. These supplements are specific to me and my needs and have been compiled with the work of my functional medicine practitioner. I recommend you do the same!
- My morning drink: a glass of warm water with ½ a lemon, a shot of apple cider vinegar, and a scoop of Vital Proteins collagen peptides
- **If you are suffering from IBS or digestive issues, I highly recommend giving this morning mixture a try. With the apple cider vinegar and lemon boosting your metabolism and digestion first thing in the morning and the gut healing benefits of collagen peptides, this drink may be your new best friend. I started drinking this combination first thing in the morning about 1 year ago and it has had an incredible impact on my symptoms.
- 5:20AM out the door and headed to the gym. My morning workouts change depending on the day but I usually am either running on the treadmill or in the park, practicing yoga, doing a HIIT circuit, or going to a barre or pilates class
- 6:45AM rushing to get ready and fighting off serious post shower sweat
- 7:10AM at my desk and ready to take on the day
If the idea of a morning workout routine interests you, here are some recommendations to make the process as attainable as possible:
- Find a friend that is willing to take on this challenge as well. Having someone to hold you accountable or to workout with in the mornings makes a huge difference.
- Do something that you won’t dread waking up for. If you hate running or the thought of lifting weights makes your insides turn, then don’t do it. Find a workout that you enjoy; there are so many different options out there in today’s world that you should never be doing something you dislike.
- Have everything ready to go for the next day: lay out your workout outfit and pack your bag for work.
- Say no to the snooze button!!!
- Have a time when you plan to go to bed and stick to it.
- Stay away from the dark hole of Instagram! No technology for at least 30 minutes prior to bed time.
- Make it a habit. If you are able to try for at least two weeks straight to have a set 30-minute window where you go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, it will make the worlds of a difference. Your body and sleeping cycle react well to routine.
- Accept that there are going to be mornings where you planned to work out and for some reason it didn’t happen. That is okay! There are nights where you should stay out later at a party with your friends or mornings where your body is just too damn tired and needs that extra hour or two in bed. Know what is best for you and don’t beat yourself up over it.
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Is there anybody out there? Maybe. Maybe not. Though there are more reason to believe that we aren’t alone, nobody yet contacted us. Scientists are trying to contact them. Apart from UFOs stories we kept hearing and which scientists kept rejecting, something happened in 1977 which scientists are still baffled about. Amidst the persistent noises of this vast universe, scientists were able to hear a ‘song’ which lasted some 72 seconds. The ‘song’ was too good to be an accident. Much to the disappointment of scientists, the song was never to be heard again. 37 years have passed since then but those 72 seconds never came again. Check this link for wonderful presentation by Brian Cox. If you think the song we listened to was some kind of accident, we, too, have sent our own messages to contact aliens. The earliest message was put on Pioneer 10 spacecraft in the form of a plaque. (See image below.)
It seems, though, our love (or hate?) for those alien civilization is not a recent development. Couple of months back, there was this news of 10,000 years old rock painting being found in India depicting aliens and UFOs. What were those cavemen thinking when they painted those aliens? Or were they lucky enough to have seen them? In case you want to dismiss this, what to make of that 20,000 years old paintings found in France? In any case, aliens, in our imagination, has always been there all around the world. Unlike ghosts, possible existence of aliens is much more plausible.
The immense vastness of universe, in a sense, ensures there might be alien life somewhere but it also poses difficulty in finding it. There should be, and possible are, millions of planets in this universe which are ‘earth like’ and it is not unreasonable to think that there should be some planets which are inhabited by some sorts of living creatures. The size of universe is unfathomable and the farthest point that is visible from earth is almost 46 billion light years away! What does that mean? That means if you are traveling at a speed of, let us say, 1000 kilometers per second (yes, per second), it will take 13,800 billion years to reach that point. Let me emphasize again I am talking about the farthest point that is visible from earth rather than the absolute farthest point. Nothing existed that long. Nothing would probably exist that long. Our universe is merely 13.8 billion years old. The star you wished upon last night probably has died millions of years ago. Kind of disheartening, no?
Not exactly. In 2012, scientists reported to have found glycolaldehyde, a type of sugar, in an adolescent star. This was very important news. You should check the ALMA Observatory website. First, even before this discovery, it is known that RNA molecules were the earliest form of organic molecules responsible for life and one of the three ingredients (DNA, RNA and proteins) of all form of lives. The sugar mentioned above is the basic ingredient for RNA. Second, these sugar molecules happen to be there at the right time and at the right place. That new born star will pass on these sugar molecules to the planets which are yet to be formed. In all probabilities, we won’t live long enough to see what happens next there. The star we talked about is ‘merely’ 400 light years away. Perhaps in some other corner of universe, the sugar molecules have already played their roles in RNA molecules formation. Our distant past when life just began is being repeated somewhere. Possibly. In fact, other organic molecules such as glycine (an amino acid) have been found on a comet. This and other such instances show that basic ingredients of life are in abundance in universe which may give rise to rise to life in presence of other supporting environmental factors. Both practically and theoretically, there are more reasons to believe that there is someone out there.
But where are they? There is this interesting and analytical discussion around the Fermi Paradox concerning with probability of extraterrestrial life. Even if alien life exists, should we contact them? Some say yes, some say no. Yes, because it will overwhelmingly enhance our knowledge and understanding of myriads of topics such as biology, evolution, society, religion and science. May be they have discovered the Grand Unified Theory of everything. May be they have solved Riemann Hypothesis. What about their views on God? Are there males and females? Do their lives depend of sun and water? Are DNA and proteins building blocks of their biology? And so on. Or may be we shouldn’t contact them at all. What if they are technologically advance and yet a predatory race hunting for resources? Stephen Hawking is quite pessimistic about it. He warned any contact with alien life may cause trouble to us. In any case, our search for extraterrestrial life wouldn’t stop.
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Add Some Space to Your Wardrobe With Some Closet Organizers
Have you ever met anyone who said their clothes closet was big enough?The odds of that happening aren’t very great.Closet organizers may have shelves, bins, or racks put together to complement each other suiting the needs of the person.Nowadays, they come in various adjustable shelves and various colors which are doubled or raised according to the need.
Take a look at your closet and you’ll probably realize that a closet organizer will be a big help to you.
One way to add instant space is to get your accessories off the floor.Use Accessory Hangers to untangle everything and clear some room for you to walk and the Scarf Hanger will hold ten or more scarves neatly, with one or more trailing from a row of holes in a wooden organizer that hangs from your closet rod.
If you have a bulky size things, a shelf divider would work best.These slide onto wire or wood closet shelves to instantly divide them so that you can separate sweaters, hats or purses into their areas.Such cedar hangers are space saving organizers that allow you to hang five garments in the same space that usually contains only one.
There are even hooks along each side of the Closet Doubler that allow you to hang ties, belts, scarves or other accessories and this is a truly instant-and inexpensive-way to increase your wardrobe space.If you have a lot of purses, you’ll appreciate the space you’ll free up when you use the Hanging Handbag Organizer.Hanging Accessory Shelves has a steel frame for great support, so it will handle as many items as you need it to hold.To have a clear floors, the closet organizers can works as adjustable shoe rack.The closet organizers can have storage bins which are built-in with slide-in-out drawers.The interior doors can be hinged, sliding, bi-fold or in pocket style.The exterior closet doors are utilised in the outdoor kitchens, showers and a lot more.These doors are fitted with glass, mirrors, hand printed fabrics etc., which are easy to put in, easy to change and manage.
There are too many manufactures and sellers available in the market who has the ability to design innovative closet organizers.You can choose readily available closet organizers or can design them as per your specific set of requirements. For this, various alternatives like rail sizes, wood species, arch tops, and air flow. are available.So go for organizing smart closet organizer and get organized in life.If you want to organize or arrange your clothes, make sure to consider close organization.
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RE: ??? (was RE: A simple guy with a simple problem)
- From: "Bullard, Claude L (Len)" <email@example.com>
- To: Danny Ayers <firstname.lastname@example.org>, email@example.com
- Date: Thu, 15 Mar 2001 11:37:38 -0600
Which occurred during the Golden era (daniel golden)
of cheaper, simpler, faster. They tried to XP
a complex craft and made a bad mistake in the
The shuttle has five computers. Computers
don't help if you launch with ice hanging off
engines with exposed creases sealed with rubber.
Simplicity is good by itself. Speed is good
if you are in a safe passage. Put them together
and pray your luck hopes outs. If it doesn't...
oh well. Hit the wall and let your family
wish you had a harness on at the funeral.
XP has been tried. It has its problems too.
The big one is: competence. To get around
that, QA. Failover to another system.
QA is not a good practice; it is an absolute
cost of doing business.
Ekam sat.h, Vipraah bahudhaa vadanti.
Daamyata. Datta. Dayadhvam.h
From: Danny Ayers [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.org]
I thought NASA had it pretty well sussed with the computers on the shuttle
(this might be apocryphal) - 3 systems running, if two agree then that's
your answer. But then of course there was that business about metric and
imperial units on the way to Mars...
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What is cancer and how can we control it?
New Scientist Live
Wednesday, 5 June 2013 from 18:30 to 20:00 (BST)
What is cancer and how can we control it?
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Event Details
Come and hear Paul Davies talk about:
What is cancer and how can we control it?
Cancer research is a vast worldwide enterprise, yet there has been little improvement in patient outcomes over several decades. Clearly some bold new thinking is needed. Amid the frantic search for an elusive "cure," some basic questions are overlooked. Why is there cancer? What are its deep evolutionary roots? Why do almost all cells come pre-loaded with a cancer subroutine? Paul will describe a new and testable theory of cancer as the re-activation of an ancient phenotype, suggesting a radically new approach to therapy.
Who is Paul Davies?
Paul Davies is Director of the Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science at Arizona State University. He is best known as a physicist and cosmologist and as a pioneer in the field of astrobiology. A few years ago he was asked by the US National Cancer Institute to provide fresh insights into cancer from a physicist’s perspective. This led to him being appointed as Principal Investigator at the Center for the Convergence of Physical Science and Cancer Biology at ASU.
Paul is also author of numerous best-selling science books, including The Fifth Miracle: The Search for the Origin of Life, How to Build a Time Machine and The Eerie Silence: Renewing our Search for Alien Intelligence.
Doors open at 6pm. Talk starts at 6:30pm.
Tickets £5 (inc. booking fee) in advance through Eventbrite, and if available £7 on the door (cash sales on the door only). Tickets sold on a first come first served basis and are subject to availability.
New Scientist is the world's leading science and technology weekly magazine, covering the big ideas and developments from all areas of science and technology. Offering the latest news, ideas and opinions, New Scientist is an authoritative voice on all matters related to science, technology and the ideas improving our knowledge of the universe and those shaping our world and lives.
Do you have questions about What is cancer and how can we control it?? Contact New Scientist Live
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A member of staff from Old Trafford-based corporate debt management company, The Business Debt Advisor, has been recognised for her qualification as an insolvency practitioner at a national ceremony.
Molly Monks, corporate insolvency manager at the firm has been officially honoured by the Insolvency Service at a graduation ceremony in London following her official appointment as an insolvency practitioner in March of this year.
Commenting on her graduation, Molly, from Bramhall near Stockport, said: “I genuinely love my job and this qualification has given me the foundation I need to continue my career in one of the most rewarding professions.
“As one of the smallest professional fields in the UK with fewer than 1,700 licensed insolvency practitioners, I feel that I can make a real difference to the industry and represent the creditors’ interest as a whole.”
Managing director, Bev Budsworth added: “Molly heads up our corporate team and has a fabulous caring personality which perfectly fits the ethos of our business. Even though she actually passed her exams earlier this year, it’s great to see her efforts finally recognised in this way.”
Run by the Joint Insolvency Examination Board (JIEB), exams are held annually in November and rigorously test a candidate’s knowledge of insolvency law and practice.
The ceremony was held at the BMA House in London. Following an opening address by the chairman of the JIEB, Molly was presented with her certificate by Graham Horne, deputy chief executive and director of operations at the Insolvency Service.
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IT nonetheless includes primary computer-based mostly information methods, together with computing hardware, working methods , software software program and the information that is processed to supply useful info. Over time, each of those IT components and capabilities has become more complex, embracing ever-growing Computer subsets of applied sciences and methodologies. This program focuses on the design of technological info techniques, together with computing systems, as options to enterprise and communications help wants. The program consists of instruction in the principles of computer hardware and software components, programming, utility assist and human interface design.
Computer technology and data technology both are associated to the every-different without computer technology we can’t access any data whereas without information technology we cannot think about any update in computer technology. As we all know computer technology is nothing however a scientific way of managing data and data for attaining the specified aim. Formally we are able to describe a set of related knowledge and the best way it’s organised.
Undergrad Cert , Security Management
Students will read, perceive, interpret, and synthesize quite a lot of texts. Assignments are designed to challenge students intellectually, culturally and rhetorically. Through inquiry-based mostly task sequences, students will improve their writing by growing academic research and literacy practices that might be further strengthened in First-Year Writing. Particular consideration shall be given to critical reading, tutorial writing conventions, and revision.
• Below, discover some prime roles within the technology trade, average salaries and job outlooks for those roles, and where on the spectrum of computer science to info technology every one falls.
• Once a negotiation protocol is developed, it’s going to take a while to incorporate it into Web browsers and servers.
The similar process was followed and, due to the guide nature of the drawing and the following analysis, the entire procedure was time-consuming and labor-intensive. There is also the combination of human creativity with computer technology that provides the design effectivity that has made CAD such a well-liked Technology design tool. CAD is commonly thought of merely as computer-aided drafting, and its use as an digital drafting board is a robust software in itself. The features of a CAD system prolong far past its ability to represent and manipulate graphics.
Field Licensure Necessities
Sold full with a major logic board, switching energy supply, keyboard, case, handbook, recreation paddles, and cassette tape containing the sport Breakout, the Apple-II finds recognition far past the hobbyist neighborhood which made up Apple’s consumer community until then. When connected to a shade tv set, the Apple II produced sensible color graphics for the time. Millions of Apple IIs had been offered between 1977 and 1993, making it one of many longest-lived strains of private computers. Apple gave away 1000’s of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first entry to non-public computers. The quickest machine of its day, The Cray-1’s speed comes partly from its shape, a “C,” which reduces the length of wires and thus the time alerts have to journey throughout them. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its velocity.
Students solve 2×2 and 3×3 methods of linear equations, and factor algebraic expressions utilizing frequent factors and techniques for factoring trinomials. They simplify, add, subtract, multiply and divide rational expressions and clear up equations involving algebraic fractions. Students examine the properties of right triangles and trigonometric capabilities of obtuse angles. Students graph polynomial and sinusoidal features Computer & Technology using tables of values and stretches, shifts and shrinks. They also add and subtract vectors and convert between complex numbers in rectangular, polar and exponential types. Delivered in a modular format, this course is equal to the completion of all the following modules in MAT a, b, c, d, e, f, g and i.
Your Career
Intel’s products and software program are meant only for use in applications that don’t cause or contribute to a violation of an internationally recognized human proper. Some of the most typical problems confronted by businesses today should do with inadequate reminiscence errors, issues with wait, webpages downloading, and ready for databases to get updated. In the business world, time is cash and it’s important to be on top of this extra so than a private computer. When it comes to deciding on the right sort of computing technology for the enterprise, enterprise class private computer systems are strongly recommended. A enterprise class computer usually just isn’t dearer than a comprehensively geared up home computer, but it could frequently be found within the mid-range value sector. Information sources associated with data technology can be utilized by professionals within the area to leverage new and rising details shaped from research.
When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities obtained these computer systems for use by college students. The 1401 mainframe, the first within the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more dependable transistors. Demand called for greater than 12,000 of the 1401 computer systems, and the machine´s success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers somewhat than specialised techniques. By the mid-1960s, almost half of all computers in the world had been IBM 1401s. The 501 is built on a ‘constructing block’ idea which permits it to be extremely versatile for many completely different uses and could concurrently control as much as sixty three tape drives—very helpful for big databases of information.
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Jayce Rogers Commits to WVU
By Jeffery Cobb
The Mountaineers got one of their “Most Wanted” in the 2018 Recruiting Class this afternoon.
2018 Valdosta, Georgia CB Jayce Rogers made the long trek up to Morgantown for West Virginia’s Showtime Camp this weekend, and the trip paid off as the 5-foot-9, 175-pound athlete pledged his commitment to the Mountaineers.
WVU has been courting Rogers for about 5 months dating back to when new Defensive Backs coach Doug Belk was hired.
Belk immediately made the rounds among the Georgia high schools, and one of his first contacts was with Valdosta HS, where he fell in love with Rogers and offered him back on February 15.
Then it just was a matter of getting him up to Morgantown so he could check out the program and see if it was a place he could spend the next four years. He chose the Mountaineers over Iowa, Colorado State, Tulane, USF, Southern Miss, Marshall, FAU, Cincinnati and others.
Rogers is a smaller corner than the Mountaineers have recruited lately, but his elite athleticism and competitiveness was enough to sell Tony Gibson and crew that he could compete in the Big 12.
BlueGoldNews will have more from the commitment so stay tuned.
— J⁵ackboy (@jayce_rogers) July 22, 2017
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The Blue Jays offense was simply unable to generate any short of threat against Jose Quintana of the White Sox last night. Temporary Jose Reyes replacement Munenori Kawasaki, Edwin Encarnacion and Rajai Davis (including a double for the Blue Jays only extra-base hit) each had two hits on the night (although one of Encarnacion’s singles came off reliever Jesse Crain). Encarnacion and Kawasaki drew bases on balls from Quintana. Six hits, two walks, no runs – that was the sum total of the Blue Jays offense last night. Obviously they lost the game, by a score of 7-0 as J.A. Happ turned in what will likely be one of several clunkers from the fifth starter spot on the season.
However, this is not about Happ. It is about the offense – this woeful, anaemic, sputtering offense. The seemingly vaunted Blue Jays offense has averaged merely 3.6 runs per game (24th in MLB). There have been some big games in there, too – a 10-run game and two 8-run games. The Blue Jays have scored 54 runs, 26 of them (48.1%) have come in three games; in the other games, the Jays are averaging 2.3 runs per game. That is a mark that would put them 29th in MLB ahead of only the pitiful Miami Marlins, who are essentially a glorified Triple-A team at this point. Since Jose Reyes went down in a heap at second base last Friday night, the Jays have scored a mere 12 runs in five games, including the shutout last night (2.4 runs per game). All the blame for the struggles cannot be placed on the absence of Jose Reyes, although he was clearly the Blue Jays’ best offensive player in the early going. Jose Bautista has also been out of the lineup, since Monday, with back spasms and an ear infection. In the three games he has missed so far, The Blue Jays have scored eight runs (2.7 runs per game). Awful.
What offense has occurred is primarily being carried by two men – J.P. Arencibia and Colby Rasmus. Arencibia is off to a roaring start this season with a .361 wOBA in 57 plate appearances. Unfortunately, this is primarily driven by the five home runs he has hit (.339 ISO). Sporting a putrid trio of a 263 OBP, 1.8 BB% and a 35.1 K%, his success simply cannot be expected to continue. Rasmus has been another all-or-nothing hitter for the Blue Jays this year with four home runs of his own, (.375 wOBA, .326 ISO). These numbers are further driven up by a .368 BABIP, unsustainable for someone with his speed level (.268 career). He has mustered a more respectable .314 OBP; however strikeouts have been a major problem for him as well. Rasmus is walking 9.8% of the time, above his career rate, but this is coupled with an absurd 45.1 K%. Obviously a small sample is being analyzed here (51 PA) and regression towards his career value will occur, but what Rasmus is showing is still a cause for concern. It is enough of a concern to shield him from left-handed pitchers – meaning his powerful bat was not in the lineup tonight against Quintana and he was pinch-hit for by Rajai Davis in the seventh inning the night prior.
Unfortunately, Adam Lind suffers from even worse split issues (the worst hitter by far against southpaws since 2010), and many situations are arising where these players need to be pinch-hit for. This is where Bautista’s presence on the roster is causing a problem. The Blue Jays currently have the standard roster setup of 12 pitchers and four bench players. One of the players is backup catcher Henry Blanco, who must remain available to replace Arencibia and who wields a bat for little more than effect (career 65 wRC+). This leaves three men on the bench who are available to pinch-hit. However, despite repeated clams of Bautista returning to the lineup the following day, he has been unable to do so. This leaves two men on the bench. One must be kept behind in case of injuries, so the Blue Jays have extremely limited options. Casper Wells, an intriguing lefty-masher claimed off waivers from Seattle, was designated for assignment in order to place Ramon Ortiz (who moped up nicely giving 3.1 IP behind Happ last night) on the 40-man roster.
This is making it painfully apparent that something needs to happen with Bautista. He either needs to return to the lineup, or be placed on the disabled list. Since he last appeared in Sunday’s game, his DL stint can be back-dated to Monday, meaning that three of the required 15 days have already elapsed. Since Gibbons has been “unsure” about Bautista’s ability to pinch-hit, I am wondering if the ability to back-date a potential DL stint has been part of the reason. Using Bautista as a pinch-hitter would require him to miss three more days than he already has. The Blue Jays are seeing Andy Pettitte in the first game of the weekend Yankee series and the Yankees carry Boone Logan, a southpaw who absolutely wipes out left-handed hitters (.309 wOBA against) in their bullpen.
Without depth on the bench, the Blue Jays run the high risk of being exposed late and losing one of the few bright spots in their depleted lineup when a lefty starts. The Jays have to make a decision on Bautista tonight. Hopefully he is in the lineup and this rant is largely rendered moot, but if not, I expect a DL stint, because the Blue Jays can no longer afford to wait.
Welp. This post became largely moot in hurry. Good news (I hope).
When the 2012 season opened for the Blue Jays in Dunedin, Florida; the only true “position battle” was for left field – waged between high-ceiling prospect Travis Snider and the incumbent Eric Thames. Thames was favoured in the role because he had played ~50 games there to end the season and been serviceable offensively, while showing poor defensive skills. As a result, it was made known that Travis Snider would have to essentially blow Thames out of the water to win the job. In the end, they had similar decent springs (spring stats are meaningless for a number of reasons, the investigation of which is worthy of a post in and of itself) and as a result, Thames won the job while Snider was shipped out to AAA Las Vegas.
In the month of April, Thames hit a strong .308/.361/.446 with a .345 wOBA and 118 wRC+, he had a passable 16.1 K% although his defense left much to be desired. Meanwhile, Snider hit .400/.477/.693 in 19 April games with essentially no home/road split. Unfortunately, Snider injured his wrist on April 26, ending his month.
This could not have come at a worse time for the Blue Jays as Eric Thames began to struggle in May. Badly. In May, Thames hit .193/.227/.301, with a .231 wOBA and 39 wRC+. Thames suffered a 73-point BABIP regression, but the major cause of Thames downfall was a sharp increase in strikeouts. In the month of May, Thames struck out in 31.6% of his plate appearances, the fourth-most in baseball for a qualified hitter over that span. As the month progressed, it became increasingly clear that Thames was simply over-matched in the Major Leagues. However, there was an apparent problem – Snider played seven games in the middle of May, looked awful (.095/.192/.286) then was shut down again with more wrist trouble on May 17, yet to play as of this writing.
After losing 14-3 to the Texas Rangers on Friday May 25 in a game where Brandon Morrow pitched merely two-thirds of an inning and losing 8-7 to Texas in 13 innings the following day, the bullpen was extremely taxed and roster moves were made, as detailed in prior posts, to construct an eight-man bullpen. Further complications arose when Kelly Johnson and Yunel Escobar suffered hamstring and groin injuries, respectively, in the Texas series that necessitated the recall of an extra infielder. At this point, the Blue Jays made an odd response to their situation – Thames was demoted to AAA and utility player Mike McCoy was recalled.
The oddity of the response stems from the upcoming schedule. The Blue Jays have today off after completing a three-game home sweep against Baltimore, play the Red Sox over the weekend and have Monday off before travelling to Chicago. Despite the lull in the schedule, manager John Farrell has indicated that the rotation will continue on full turns. This means that Ricky Romero and Brandon Morrow will make their next starts on six days rest, while the back of the rotation will make each of their next two starts on five days rest. This is hardly a situation that necessitates carrying an eight-man bullpen and a three-man bench of a catcher, an infielder and an infielder who is hurting. There is no outfield help on the bench at this point and McCoy is the only true viable option, period. The other downside to the current roster is that the team’s best pinch-runner (who doesn’t hit RHP very well at 78 wRC+ career), Rajai Davis, is now in the everyday lineup with Snider hurt. It would have made much more sense to demote one of Jesse Chavez or Aaron Laffey, neither of whom are likely to pitch; and either stick with Thames until Snider is ready or bench him in favour of Davis, leaving a left-handed bat and OF available.
Recalling an infielder was a necessity but the manner in which it was done, not only seems illogical, but hurts the team in its’ current state.
UPDATE: Aaron Laffey was sent back to Las Vegas after tonight’s game. Prior to Friday’s game the Blue Jays will make a corresponding roster move, they announced. Adam Lind, who has hit .343/.442/.657/.467/183 in 43 plate appearances in Triple-A is a possible recall candidate, as is Vladimir Guerrero; although Alex Anthopoulos indicated he would see time in both AA and AAA to adjust to velocity and off-speed pitches, respectively.
UPDATE: A third candidate for recall is SS Adeiny Hechavarria. It has been thought that he is not ready offensively (.316/.358/.458/.367/118, but inflated by the league and park) and that he would not be brought up only on a long-term basis. However recent comments by Alex Anthopoulos that a visa issue had been resolved, thereby allowing Hechavarria to travel to Canada, coupled with the fact that he did not play tonight for Las Vegas are potential indicators that it could indeed by Hechavarria on his way to Toronto.
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vocabulary | Learn English
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Vocabulary - In the Office
Average: 3.7 (22 votes)
Many people learn 'pen, pencil and paper' in their first English lessons, but can you remember these words, which are also things you would find in an office?
Match each word to its definition. What else do we find in an office?
Lesson by Caroline
Business English - Networking
Average: 4.1 (14 votes)
Networking: - Interacting with other people to exchange information and develop contacts, especially to further your career.
This lesson will give you some good hints on successful networking, as well as helping you to practise some business vocabulary. Read through the article and try to fit the gaps with the business vocabulary listed below.
Average: 4 (46 votes)
We write postcards to friends and family when we are on holiday. They are usually very short and talk about what we are doing and enjoying. I just got this postcard from my Mum and Dad, who are on holiday in Tenerife! Read through the postcard and put the words in the correct gap.
When you have finished, imagine you are on holiday and you are sending a postcard to your best friend. What would you write about? Please post your answers below!
Hi Caroline!
Passive and Active Sentences for Low-Intermediate Students
Average: 3.7 (30 votes)
How much do you remember about forming active and passive sentences?
If you're unsure, have a look at this lesson before you try to answer the questions below:
Remember: Is the action being done by someone or is an action being done to something? If someone is doing the action, use the active voice and if an action is being done to something use the passive! Good luck!
Lesson by Caroline
Verbs we use in the morning
Average: 3.5 (14 votes)
What's your morning routine? If you are not a 'morning person', waking up and getting ready for work/school can be a real challenge. Perhaps you are an 'early bird', a person who feels better and has more energy in the morning. If so, getting ready to face the day is no problem!
Read through the text and choose the correct missing verbs.
Get / Become
Average: 3.8 (37 votes)
The word get has many different meanings in English, such as 'receive'. However, another very common meaning is also 'become'.
For example: “I’m getting cold” means the same as “I’m becoming cold”
The only real difference is that get is more informal and popular to use.
The structure is: GET + ADJECTIVE.
The Olympics Opening Ceremony
Average: 3.3 (9 votes)
I was very excited to hear more details about the Olympics opening ceremony, particularly as it’s in my city this year and some of my friends are performing in it! Read through this article and try to answer the true or false questions below.
What are your opinions on the Olympics? Do you think London will be a good host? As always, let us know your opinions!
If your interested in being in London during the olympics try our London English school.
Lesson by Caroline
So and Such
Average: 3.5 (41 votes)
In English we have many different ways of emphasing a particular point. Words like 'very' and 'extremely' are the most known by students.
Others ways to do this are with 'so' and 'such'.
If you say: "it's so hot today!", it's a stronger emphasis than saying "it's very hot today."
The structure is: SO + ADJECTIVE
Another alternative is by saying "It's such a hot day!" This is also stronger than 'very'
The structure is: SUCH + ADJECTIVE + NOUN
Simple Adverbs
Average: 3.6 (44 votes)
Adverbs describe the way an action is completed and are commonly thought of as 'y' words.
For example, the adverb form of the adjective loud is loudly.
How well can you remember them? In each sentence, replace the adjective with the correct adverb (and be careful with your spelling):
Lesson by Caroline
Idiom of the Day: Tired of
Average: 3.5 (13 votes)
Tired of idiom
This joke is based on the meaning of the word insomnia and the idiom tired of:
Insomnia (in-SOM-ne-ah) is a common sleep problem. People who have insomnia have trouble falling asleep at night. As a result, they get too little sleep or have poor-quality sleep.
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Monday, October 18, 2021
Musician Education And It Is Benefits
Music has been defined as any type of sound that has each melody and rhythm. Music is a very advanced artwork type, a cultural activity, and an auditory artwork type. The time period “music” is commonly used to mean any type of musical expression, together with folk songs, jazz, rock, pop, ballet, trendy, classical, reggae, pop, RnB, hip-hop, blues, polka, metallic, techno, hip-hop, and other genres. General definitions of music check with the basic components comparable to tempo, melodic quality, rhythms, and timbre. Various kinds of music can emphasize, de-emphasise, or completely exclude any of the above components.
The event of formal music history begins with the first recorded music. In the early Middle Ages (1000s BC) the main influence on music was Egypt, from which it took its title.
Greek music had a large affect on European music, although it’s tough to measure the extent to which it influenced the early music of the world. The most popular music of the time interval in Western Europe was most likely the polyphonic music which was the creation of a group of musicians led by Aristophanes, who developed a unique type that combines music with dance.
The Greeks additionally played a serious function in the development of the symphony, the primary of its variety. The symphonies had been instrumental compositions with stringed devices, often the lyre. The Greeks additionally developed the concept of the sonata, a sequence of six separate movements utilizing different types of musical instruments.
The renaissance music of Rome and the Renaissance Period (1500s) are nonetheless a preferred subject in historical past classes. This fashion of music is characterized by its use of complicated rhythmic patterns, typically consisting of a series of octaves and generally using a number of voices.
German composers equivalent to Mozart and Schubert have been well-known for his or her music for instrumentalists and flutists. Flutists have been musicians who played musical flutes and other wind instruments. In the same method, instrumentalist gamers were nicely-known for their means to play flute, clarinet, saxophone, piano, guitar, etc. in quite a lot of mixtures.
Music idea developed as a discipline of research within the late 1600s. It was developed by Johannes Brahms (1797-1875) however had a lot further growth later on. There have been three totally different faculties of thought that emerged through the early historical past of the speculation, all of them primarily based on completely different faculties of music concept. Although they have their very own totally different views, they are all related to music concept and its application to music idea.
As well as, it is important to point out that there was a powerful debate between the proponents of two totally different colleges of concept, namely, intuitionism and pragmatism. Both sides had supporters and opponents and every facet has its own theories and methodology of how music theory works. In the long run, the 2 theories became one, as they were each primarily based on intuition and sensible expertise.
Nowadays, classical music is often categorized by the genres that it belongs to. Classical music consists of a wide range of styles corresponding to Romantic, Classical, Romantic, Art Nouveau, Baroque, Classical, and so forth. Each style has its personal particular person characteristics, however most importantly, it all shares comparable rules, ideas and structures. If you are not accustomed to classical music, then you may just be thinking about among the extra in style classical pieces, such because the works of Bach, Mozart, Brahms, and Sibelius.
However, many students who pursue music training usually have issues with understanding and making use of music theory to music. The reason is that they don’t have a clear idea of what all of it means. Although it is possible to find out about music concept via lessons or workshops, it’s sometimes tough to understand its meaning when you do not have prior expertise taking part in the instrument. That’s why it is important to learn as a lot as you may about the different styles and genres of music, earlier than going into learning. Many college students discover on-line sources very useful.
Students should also consider enrolling in an instrument class where they learn the technicalities of different musical devices. This may put together them to start out taking part in different musical devices and will also provide a possibility to understand and apply numerous features of music idea to the music that they study to play. For example, they could find it easier to play the piano by taking part in it in time with a metronome and different musical devices, fairly than by simply listening to it. Another device that will be very beneficial is to learn in regards to the historical past of music principle, as it is the foundation of a comprehensive music education. They may know when sure sounds, harmonies, rhythms, and timbres sound the identical.
Students also needs to take the time to analysis and apply music theory by taking personal lessons with an instructor or through a non-public tutor, or via a program where they study and observe utilizing musical devices. You may as well search for on-line lessons or videos which are created by skilled music teachers who can guide you step-by-step in growing your own personal musical model. Once you’re feeling confident enough to play a song or piece of music, you may go forward and start taking personal classes. and also you will definitely be stunned how briskly you progress from one stage to another!
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Danger can also emerge from more "environmentally friendly" projects, like the building of vast offshore wind farms consisting of ever larger turbines. A common technique consists of penetrating the seabed with a hydraulic hammer to plant a monopod anchoring the modern-day windmills to the ocean floor. This so-called pile-driving can emit noise levels up to 250 decibels, which is a deadly dose for nearby marine mammals, though experts say it's easy to diminish the threat by creating a curtain of air bubbles surrounding the drill site.
With the constant churn of freighter propellers, the percussive thump of oil and gas exploration and the underwater din of military testing, ocean noise levels have become unbearable for some sea mammals.
Contrary to the image of a distant and silent world under the sea, underwater sound intensity has on average soared 20 decibels over the past 50 years, with devastating consequences for wildlife.
“Sound is what cetaceans (large aquatic mammals like whales and dolphins) communicate with. This is how they perceive their environment. For them, hearing is as important as vision is for us,” explained Mark Simmonds, the international director of science at the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS).
“If there is too much noise, they probably can’t communicate that well,” he told AFP late last month on the sidelines of an international conference on migratory species in Bergen, on Norway’s southwestern coast.
A harmful effect of this acoustic “fog” is that it impairs the ability of cetaceans, which in good conditions can communicate over a distance of dozens of kilometres (miles), to orient themselves, find food and reproduce.
Basic small boat traffic travelling at slow speeds through shallow waters can be enough to cut the reach of sounds from a bottlenose dolphin, for instance, by 26 percent, and in the case of pilot whales by 58 percent, according to a recent study.
Nicolas Entrup, who works with the non-governmental organisations Ocean Care and the Natural Resources Defense Council, said the ocean is in the process of becoming for sea mammals what night clubs are for humans: “You might cope with it for a while but you can’t live there.”
“Imagine a situation where you can’t communicate with your family, where you have to scream constantly,” he said.
Oceans are vast, and animals that are bothered by rising noise levels can of course move on, but it can be challenging to find and adapt to a whole new habitat.
The problem is especially dire in the Arctic, where, as the polar ice cap melts, humans are leaving an ever bigger sound footprint as they stake out new shipping routes and look for oil and gas.
“Narwals for example have a narrowly defined habitat,” explains Simmonds. “They are very adapted to that cold environment. If it gets too noisy, where will they go?”
The same problem applies to the highly sound-sensitive beluga, or white whale, that migrates to Canada’s northern shores.
These mammals, which are capable of detecting ships 30 kilometers (18.7 miles) away, will struggle to maintain their migration route through the narrow straits circling Baffin Island as shipping in the area risks increasing sharply to accommodate a new large-scale mining project.
“We simply don’t know how certain species will adapt or even if they will adapt at all,” Simmonds said.
In some cases, human-produced commotion is fatal.
The use of anti-submarine sonars is for instance suspected of causing the mass-beaching of whales: In 2002, for instance, some 15 beaked whales perished in the Canaries after a NATO exercise.
“Since we’re talking about military matters, there is no transparent information available and we know very little of the real scope of the problem,” Entrup said.
Other threats include seismic exploration for oil and gas, which involves the use of air canons to induce tremors in the seabed aimed at detecting the potential riches hidden below.
One such project carried out a few years ago off the northeastern shores of the United States literally silenced the fin whales – an endangered species – in an area about the size of Alaska, blocking their ability to communicate for the duration of the operation.
Danger can also emerge from more “environmentally friendly” projects, like the building of vast offshore wind farms consisting of ever larger turbines.
A common technique consists of penetrating the seabed with a hydraulic hammer to plant a monopod anchoring the modern-day windmills to the ocean floor.
This so-called pile-driving can emit noise levels up to 250 decibels, which is a deadly dose for nearby marine mammals, though experts say it’s easy to diminish the threat by creating a curtain of air bubbles surrounding the drill site.
But on top of pile-driving, ship traffic linked to maintenance, cable-laying and the expansion of port infrastructure are also shrinking sea mammals’ habitats.
“The picture is bleak, but now we have the knowledge and the methodology to remedy some of the problems,” said Michel Andre, a French researcher at the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at Barcelona University who is coordinating a project to map seabed sound levels.
“It is for instance fairly easy to reduce the sounds made by boats,” he told AFP, adding: “Just look at the military, they already know how to do that.”
Europe has been a pioneer in this area, according to Andre, pointing to the European Commission’s financing of Ships-Oriented Innovative Solutions to Reduce Noise and Vibrations, or SILENV.
The project, which counts 14 partner nations, aims to create an “acoustic green label” for ships.
The European Union is also working on a directive to reduce noise levels in its waters, and hopes to inspire others to follow.
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Thursday, 3 February 2011
Investment Watch (Agriculture)
Saudi firm Menafea Holding allegedly plans to invest $125 million in a 5,000 hectare farm in north-western Zambia during 2011, where it will grow pineapples and build a factory to produce juice. According to firm, "We have been granted 5,000 hectares of land to grow pineapples using the latest technology and are going to put up a factory to produce juice for local consumption as well as export". Not sure how this land is being procured and from which chief. More detail via Reuters.
1. Cho,
There should be a sunset clause on ALL foreign investment in Zambia.
They can invest and recoupe their investment, but after 10 years (or 15 or 20), it should all revert into Zambian hands, with managemenet and ownership training and preparation happening in between.
2. Zambians have known all the while that N/Western was good for growing pineapples and other fruit- why haven’t they set-up such a commercial enterprise themselves?-Its not rocket science innovation! What you are suggesting is reaping where one has not sown. I must admit, as Zambians, we’ve become very good at making suggestions and well articulated analyses-only after the fact! Why not use the Economics, Engineering, Science and Politics that we have so clearly absorbed from textbooks and put it into action- until then, I really don’t think we can set such conditions to foreign investors and I say let then reap as much and as long as they can!
3. The above comment was directed @MrK
4. Linda,
My first guess would be - 24% lending rates.
Like what the foreign owned mines are doing. What do you think privatisation is all about. Those are the Zambian people's parastatals that are being sold for cents on the dollar.
I'd say you're insane.
5. MrK,
Sunset clauses of course exist in many countries especially in the context of major infrastructure development.
I think in this case the key is to ensure land is not alienated in the first place. That is a lot of land which is forrever lost of the control of local people.
6. Also, I don't see why mines cannot be owned by the Zambian state, and run by public or private sector management companies on a cost only basis?
What if all families were allocated land on a permanent basis, without the possibility to sell it. They could either use it or lease it.
Add that to a program of cheap credit for capital goods and small businesses, and it would stimulate the economy, lower unemployment and poverty.
7. @Mrk it is uneducated and dilusional opinions such as yours that poisons the mindset of people around you. Africa and the average zambian will remain impoverished until as a people we decide to do things for ourselves instead of waiting for somebody else to do it and then trying to justify why we are entitled to it. Zambia has unmatched agricultural potential in southern africa but if other locals share your defeatest attitude then it will never be realised and the only people to gain will be the intelligent foreigners. and I wish them the best of luck, somebody should gain from it....
8. Anonymous,
I don't know what you are talking about.
9. @MrK thats because you have no understanding of the fundamental economics behind emerging market growth. foreign companies will enter where opportunities exist as they have the resources to do so. the benifits through job creation and infrustructural development is where the local country stands to grow. if it is monitored, that growth filters through to the people. But people like you want foreign investors to do the hard work and then as you say, 10 or 15 years later give it away? what a joke... us africans are so short sighted, and your attitude is clear evidence of that. Go and educate yourself my freind...
10. Anonymous,
It is clear that you have some strong feelings on this issue! As one who is always interested in educating myself, I am curious about a couple of points that you have raised. I wonder in what specifics ways the fundamentals of economics are different for emerging markets than for more developed markets? Does "monitoring" cause "filtering" on its own, or are other mechanisms required as well? Do "investors" foreign or domestic do "hard work", or do they merely hire others at prevailing wages to do so on their behalf? The maximum single lease length on any piece of Zambian land is 99 years. Should all foreign investors be given that length of lease for agricultural plantations, or should the leases be renegotiated more frequently than that? Thanks for any answers, these are genuine questions.
11. @yakima
To answer your first question in developed nations when growth occurs there is already a certain level of consumer spending power, even if it is low, the spending and growth that occurs is from the bottom (or middle)up, in emerging markets like zambia this process tends to be reversed in that the spending power of the lowest group is negligent. emerging markets particularly in southern africa tend to be associated with political instability. (a generalisation but a look at Zim and Mr Malema down south suggests it is not far from the truth) therefore they tend to carry a risk that certain agricultural corporates percieve as to high. However the combination of good land, political stability and high prices on average have yielded fantastic returns for investors who took the 'risk' in Zambia in the last 10 years, and the word has spread. Yes most of these returns end up in the pockets of the investors at first but the benifit of the mentioned success has resulted in a $250 Million bioethanol sugar development in the kazangula district where local farmers have tendered and been allocated land. This is a joint venture with government as shareholders who can provide the 'monitoring' of wages and conditions while the local area enjoys development, job creation while contributiong to zambia becoming an exporter of bioethanol. the proceeds of which end up with government to use as they wish while the investors make their return. the same is happening in serenji, in the nansanga farm bloc. but wheat and maize, not sugar development. The point being made is that when jobs are being created and foreign investment is coming in the spending power increases, wages yes should be increased as yes it is the labourers who are 'working hard' but not to a point where such ventures become unviable. this type of investment, local or foreign should be encouraged and promoted as it was by previous gov. As it is not about who the farm will belong to in 20 years but about development that can have taken place in that time (development for the locals such as basic necessities and improvements that come with a booming town) added to that if the revenue gained from taxing such developments is correctly spent on again improving the lives of the locals, then I cannot see who is losing in such ventures?? South Korea, Japan, China have all followed similar investment paths and through the process of learning by doing have outperformed the original investors.. this is easily possible in the Zambian agricultural industry if only we dont treat the investors like they are here on borrowed time.. We must use them to be better than them, that is how emrging market growth sustains itself...
have a good day.
12. Anonymous,
Thank you for that detailed and informative response! I agree with your description of disparity in consumer spending power between developed and developing. I think that there is another factor in the equation which is becoming more significant over time, which is the presence of as-yet-undeveloped natural resources. I am put in mind of a town in the american northeast (sorry can't remember it but could look it up if need be), which had leased the land on which it sat from a local native tribe for 100 years for $1 per acre per year. The locals were shocked and horrified that the tribe would have the audacity to raise their rents to prevailing market rates once the original lease was up.
I think that it is excellent that agriculture is proving to be a profitable activity for FDI and Zambian farmers alike. The risk premium on the region is certainly a barrier to many investors and drives up the costs of external borrowing. I think that "joint ventures" can be very good, and from what I have read the Kazungula out-grower programme is well received in the district. As I understand it they are also taking measures to mitigate some of the environmental factors of intensive sugar farming elsewhere, though I don't have any certain evidence of this so anyone please correct me if this is wrong.
I could certainly be wrong about this, but aren't those three governments rather protective of their agricultural sectors? Japan in particular has a reputation for being very free market except when it comes to farmers. I am also unconvinced on typical mechanised agriculture as a model, as I have been coming across an increasing amount of evidence like this:
I certainly hope that when large scale projects like the pineapple plantation described above are implemented with best practices and "the latest technology," that they really mean that. I can also sympathize with investors who require sufficient time to make those investments pay. There is much to be said for collaborations in which significant skill transfers occur, and the nations you mention are to be commended for demanding technology transfers from partners. If the leases are too long or the compensation terms too fixed, then even if local pineapple farmers and juicers do become better than Menefea Holdings, will they have a level playing field to compete with them on?
Hopefully there is a balance to be struck between these competing factors, so that agriculture growth and diversification can really be viable over the long term and deliver on the promise of development. Have a good day too!
13. Cut the crap. Do as the Japanese and Chinese; learn all you can and then do it better. - So dont start by scaring those who can make an effort for your great nation.
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Still no name for my UFO, but it will come to me.
While in Atlanta last week, before heading to the airport I made a stop by Intown Quilters. This is one shop whose website does not do it justice. Actually, I really debated if I was going to go or not from looking at their site. Boy, was I presently surprised! This place was huge, had quite a bit of diversity in fabric, patterns and quite a wide range of tools/notions. They had an entire section devoted to children"s fabric, quilts and clothes. Another section of Kaffe Fasset fabrics, another section for orientals, another for batiks, another for african fabrics, etc... The shop was bright and cheery. Of course, I did my usual damage... some black and whites, some african and some thread. A good end to a good business day!
On Saturday, I had a great time with Ashley. She drove down and we spent the day quilting and chatting. What a great day... good friends and quilting. Life just doesn't get any better!
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Call Now: (800) 537-1660
Problema Solution
A pool contains 300L of water. It empties at a rate of 6.4L/min. Write an equation to determine how long it will be until the pool contains only 60L of water.
Answer provided by our tutors
v = 6.4 L/min is the rate of emptying the pool
Since the pool needs to go from 300 L to 60 L, this means that the amount of the water that will go out of the pool is 300 - 60 = 240 L.
t = the time needed until the pool contains 60 L of water only
v = 240/t
we need to solve:
240/t = 6.4
click here to see the equation solved for t
t = 37.5 min
After 30.5 minutes the pool will have only 60 L of water.
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Sunday, July 04, 2010
Liveblogging the Gospel of Mark VI: Approaching the Main Event
Well, you don't have to wait for this one: here in Chapter 14 of the Gospel of Mark, we begin the narrative of the main event--preparation for crucifixion, to be followed by the deed itself, and resurrection. The story is familiar enough that the Greek is even easier to guess than before, but there are still parts that seem unfamiliar. I don't remember, for example, the woman who poured a bottle of ointment over his head. The text presents a challenge to the translator: for the ointment, the text says " nardou;" footnotes translate "oil of nard;" many translations say "spikenard," which leaves me none the wiser. Wiki identifies "Spikenard" as a flowering plant, "used as a perfume, an incense, a sedative, and an herbal medicine said to fight insomnia, birth difficulties, and other minor ailments."
In any event, the unnamed pourer finds herself in trouble with her mates who complain that the ointment was worth "epano denarion triakosion,"--more than 300 something, but what? The Greek "denairon" suggests Roman "denarii;" a number of translations do indeed say "denarii." King James and others say "pence." The American (sic) standard says "shillings." Weymouth sys "fifteen pounds." One is tempted to say that the effective sum is anybody's guess, but the New Living Translation says "a year's wages" which is functional but not literal (the New International Version says more than a year's wages"), so even functionality does not settle matters.
What we do know is that it is enough for the observers to complain about, leading to an oddly dismissive response from the man (sic?) at the center of the portentous drama:
By the end of Chapter 14, it is pretty clear who the instigators are in this plot: scribes, Pharisees and elders -- "grammateis, "Pharisaioi" and "presbyteroi." Why they should want to make such a big deal out of what appears to be no more than routine sectarian rancor is not (at least so far) explained; and if they did, it is equally unclear why they didn't just have a couple of toughs take him out in the alley.
It is a matter of interest, surely, where the whole story, particularly the edifying detail, all comes from. If you are a believer, the answer is that it is in Holy Scripture and that is it. Even if you are a skeptic, you may believe: Bart Ehrman, a leading critic of Biblical inerrancy, argues that the very fact that the story runs so contrary to a standard mythology--that fact alone, he contends, argues for its authenticity. Others--Burton Mack?--note that 40-odd years have passed since the apparent moment, long enough to leave the truth so shrouded in legend that one may despair of ever reaching through to it. But this brings us full circle: if it really is a fiction--if Mark did make it up--than you have to want to know more about just how he did it.
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The Parables of Jesus> The Kingdom Parables> The Parable of the Unjust Steward
by Peter Ditzel
Many people find the Parable of the Unjust Steward in Luke 16 the most difficult of all parables to understand. Why would the steward’s master commend him for stealing money from him? Why would Jesus use the dishonest manager as a positive example? Is the parable saying that we can use unrighteous mammon to do good works so that we can be received into heaven? In this article, I’m going to try to shed some light on this story so that we can see the lesson that Jesus was teaching.
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My Christmas column, originally published in Flagpole magazine in December 2008. Painfully, mostly still relevant.
In December 1843, Charles Dickens did a hell of a thing. The son of a debtor, Dickens found himself drowning in debt as well and penned a Victorian morality tale in a desperate attempt to ease his financial burdens. The story we have come to know as A Christmas Carol was written in the span of six weeks. No publisher would touch it and so Dickens published it himself. The book was ready just before the holiday that it celebrated and all 6,000 copies sold out in the span of a week. It became a holiday institution immediately, its popularity serving to “redefine the importance of Christmas and the major sentiments associated with the holiday,” according to wikipedia.
Dickens’ hero, Ebenezer Scrooge, had lost all use for the human endowments of charity, community, friendship and love. In fact, he demonstrated contempt for anything but money – a pose that has been greatly admired in our own culture until rec… well, we have at least sought comfort in epithets like conspicuous consumption and luxury tax. The analogy brings up some uncomfortable comparisons to go with our holiday cheer.
With our ability to supply basic necessities at a zenith, we strain for meaning and stimulation, indebting ourselves to buy things for a holiday we swear is not about material objects. We accept gross inadequacies in national and local healthcare, energy use and environmental degradation; the plight of those beyond our borders reduced to fables. If the ghost of Jacob Marley returned tonight, what bleak landscape would he threaten us with as an eternal post-mortem walking tour? Wait. Don’t answer that just yet. Viewing the world through the lens of consumption, we interpret events in the language of commodities. We’re perfectly at home with these unimportant distinctions between consumers and citizens (neighbors?) yet the only thing that preoccupies us more at this time of year than Christmas are the moments of consternation at how crass and commercial it has become.
Instead of ghosts, perhaps our dreamscapes are inhabited with the representative elements that first appeared as improvements to daily life, only to become seeds for greed and short-sightedness as they gave rise to our modern society. Christmas Past might feature a child waking sweetly on a long drive with her parents to Grandma’s house. She might peer over the big backseat of a large automobile and ask, “Papa, are we there yet?’ and he might answer, “Yes, Angel. Thanks to the new Interstate road system we’ll be there in another few minutes!”
“If we only knew then what we know now,” we might say. But what would we do differently? If we could revisit critical junctures, would we choose to begin down a more sustainable path?
Christmas Future would surely take place in that green, green landscape of the BP and IBM commercials, where birds chirp and squirrels chase deer and all sorts of other nonsensical pastimes envelope us in open meadows while we pull on rainbow cigars. The future would have to be particularly incoherent and disorienting in order to be sufficiently post-whatever we’ll be over by then. To pull this off, the virtual reality rendering might crash into a smoky apocalypse to really get our attention. The idea that what we find would tug at our innocence enough to invoke a specter of regret is both the genius of the Dickensian cliché and wishful thinking. Scrooge was savvy for his day, but we have fourth graders who would have him for lunch.
It’s Christmas present that is the problem. How do we see ourselves at this particular juncture? More attention is being paid the loss and destruction of water, minerals, oil, trees, fish, soil and air than ever before. Yet the prices for most raw materials are near historical lows and continue to fall. Supplies are cheap and appear to be abundant as technology continues to stay just ahead of depletion. Richer on a more grand scale than ever before, the resources upon which civilization depends to create economic progress are declining at a rate proportional to the gains in material well-being. We are thriving and yet the quality of our finest moments seems diminished.
Do we admit the disjuncture about the way we live and all it takes to support it? How about the one that really makes a mockery of Wall Street, that the earth is a closed system? Would we be startled by a solution waiting just outside our reach, ready for us to take charge if we might dare?
A Christmas Carol is not known as irreligious text but note the lack of religion in Dickens’ tale. We get all exercised about presents but exchanging gifts was the birthright of the pagan holiday, Sol Invictus. Let’s give it back – or better yet, announce where it came from. Notwithstanding the nefarious ploys of being drawn away by the foolish errors of heathendom, do these not both attempt to consecrate the One and True Light?
Ah, the sun. Sol Invictus, the unconquerable sun god, had already made December 25 a holiday; the early Christians were chastised for being unobservant until they begged and borrowed and made the post-solstice feast their own. The Romans were just the next in a long line of people trying to remain in good stead with our main star. Perhaps we would do well to take our place in that procession. The moral hymn of our day is waiting to be written or perhaps we just need to re-read an older one to be reminded that we, too, need to change our ways. Dawn we now?
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Thursday, January 15, 2015
The greatest challenge of being a part of the American Treasure Tour is focusing. There are so many cool, amazing, weird and unique things throughout the collection that it is truly difficult to know where to stop. The blog, when used as a power for good, helps us talk about the littler treasures we simply don't have time to discuss when people visit us. Today and tomorrow, we are going to devote ourselves to one relatively small item: a press kit image advertising two movies. Today's movie is called Nancy Steele Is Missing. We hate to confess our ignorance, but we may never have heard of this film were it not for the ad.
Nancy Steele Is Missing was released in 1942, and directed by George Marshall (not the highly decorated General and Nobel Prize winner). It is an odd story following the life of Danny O'Neill, played by Victor McLaglen, a petty criminal who spent seventeen years behind bars. June Lang portrays the young woman who claims he is her real father, not Michael Steele (Walter Connelly). Danny's efforts to go straight are thwarted by the likes of Peter Lorre in this crime drama.
QUESTION: Why did the "other" George Marshall win a Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Single-handedly starting World War II
B) Ending the fighting in the Middle East
C) Aiding war-ravaged Europe after WWII
D) Teaching children to sing in Paraguay
Answer Below
POP SATISFACTION: Sometimes, history is made in ways that appear insignificant during the event, but only later can be recognized as something monumental. So was the case on this day in 1889, when the Pemberton Medicine Company was incorporated in Atlanta, Georgia. PMC's name is unfamiliar now to all but the most die-hard fans of their primary product, but they soon became better known as the Coca-Cola Company. 127 years later, Coke is one of the most familiar brands in the entire world.
ANSWER: C) Aiding war-ravaged Europe after WWII in what is known as the Marshall Plan, named after him.
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From the Sun Star-Manila (Jul 13): Jaafar appointed as Amirul Hajj; Del Rosario as housing czar
PRESIDENT Rodrigo Duterte has appointed Moro Islamic Liberation Front vice chair for political affairs Ghazali Jaafar as Amirul Hajj (head of the Philippine Hajj Mission) for Hajj Mission 2017 to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
In an operations manual released by National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF), an Amirul Hajj is the one who heads the Muslim Filipino pilgrimage delegation to Mecca, Saudi Arabia who, by law, shall be the head of the Commission.
The NCMF said the appointed Amirul Hajj shall be knowledgeable on hajj rituals and with established and administrative and managerial skills.
Jaafar is the chair of 21-member Bangsamoro Transition Committee who drafted the new enabling Bangsamoro Basic Law, which is expected to be passed under Duterte’s watch.
Jaafar was among those who broke away from the Moro National Liberation Front in 1977 and created a breakaway group recognized as MILF in 1984. He led efforts to start peace negotiations with the past administrations.
The Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro was signed on March 27, 2014 between the government and MILF but failed to get off the ground after the proposed BBL, implementing law for the agreement, was not passed in 16th Congress.
Apart from Jaafar, Duterte also released appointment papers of five other newly-appointed government officials.
On July 12, the President appointed Eduardo del Rosario as chairperson of Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC).
In December last year, Duterte named Cabinet Secretary Leoncio Evasco Jr. as housing czar after Vice President Leni Robredo quit the post.
Prior to his appointment as HUDCC chair, Del Rosario was designated in July 2016 as Defense Undersecretary for Civil, Veterans and Retiree Affairs. He also served as former chairperson of National Disaster Risk and Reduction Management Center.
Duterte also tapped lawyer Raul Lambino as administrator and chief executive officer of Cagayan Economic Zone Authority, in replacement of Jose Mari Ponce.
The President likewise assigned Water Besas as deputy executive director of Dangerous Drugs Board; Eric Distor as Director III of National Bureau of Investigation; and Metodio Turbella as Director IV of Environmental Management Bureau.
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Sixteen-year-old Jed Starbuck, a young Nantucketer, had lost his father when their whaler went down in a storm off Cape May, at the southern tip of New Jersey. The orphaned boy had been indentured to a Quaker farmer who treated him with strict fairness. When the Revolutionary War broke out, Jed had a burning ambition to do his part, but what chance did a “bound” boy have to strike a blow for liberty?
His first opportunity came when he participated in a night raid on a gang of Tory plotters. Then a privateer schooner, the True Patriot, was launched, and Jed was asked to join her crew; his master consented because he had half a share in the venture. In the exciting months that followed, the schooner took some rich British prizes and had many narrow escapes in a series of daring sea fights. By the time winter came again, Jed’s share of the prize money enabled him to pay off his indenture.
A Blow For LibertyStephen Meader, whose many books for young people are known and loved throughout the land, now lives in historic Cape May County. In this new book, he not only tells a fast-paced story of action at sea but also describes with color and accuracy the hard life of farm families in the colonies and their struggles with the lawless Tory “refugees” who hid in the cedar swamps. A Blow for Liberty will take its place with the best of Mr. Meader’s historical fiction.
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Anne Stefaniak is a part-time Academic Associate for the School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences and a part-time postgraduate researcher completing her PhD looking at the formation of supraglacial lakes on debris-covered glaciers, involving fieldwork in both the Himalayas and European Alps.
In her role as an Academic Associate, Anne teaches on various modules including Skills for Scientists, Mapping and Vocational Skills and various fieldwork.
Prior to joining NTU, Anne worked for the European Space Agency (ESA) as a Young Graduate Trainee in the Climate Office analysing data products developed as part of the Climate Change Initiative (CCI).
Anne holds a BSc (Hons) degree in Geography from the University of Reading and spent time studying at the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) as part of her undergraduate studies before continuing on to complete an MSc in Glaciology from the University of Aberystwyth.
Anne’s current research focuses on the formation and evolution of supraglacial lakes on debris-covered glaciers, specifically looking at the role of debris and ice dynamics. The research aims to incorporate a range of techniques to aid our understanding of diminishing vital water resources in regions such as the Himalayas. Opportunities to carry out postgraduate research towards an MPhil/PhD exist within the School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences and further information may be obtained from the NTU Graduate School.
In addition to working at NTU, Anne is a member of the British Exploring Society and has lead on various expeditions to Arctic Norway, Svalbard, and the Himalayas as a science leader. She is also the Deputy Chair of the Postgraduate Forum for the British Society for Geomorphology.
Additional memberships include:
Sponsors and collaborators
Anne is working with Simon Cook from Manchester Metropolitan University who is one of her supervisors for her PhD.
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A marketing week in the life of a VR owner.
This week we take at a snapshot of one rental owners marketing activity for last week. We look in detail at what she did and the results that she got.
But first… If you own a vacation rental you have one or two ways of marketing your property. You have the “bait and wait”, “list it and they will come” method where you pay your dollars, place your property with listings sites like VRBO and sit back and wait (hope) for bookings.
Easy enough. It’s a passive approach but it’s a popular marketing method.
That’s the historic method – We’ve always used this method since placing adverts in print media.
We just transfered that idea to new online media.
Now there’s a new method.
One where you engage with prospects before they even become prospects. You build relationships. You just hope for bookings, you nurture them.
In marketing speak it’s called Customer Relationship Management (CRM).
In real life as far as vacation rentals are concerned it’s called destination marketing and here’s some real statistics…
We’re going to cut to the chase. No long winded explinations. Just shooting straight from the hip. We’re going to share some real numbers from last week…
Here’s how it actually works…
Here’s what one owner did last week (7th – 14th September)
- She posted 9 mini articles (see examples below)
- Each took approximately 10 minutes to create
- She gained 103 new followers
- She gained 250 +ones (equivalent to a Facebook like)
- Those posts were reshared 28 times
- There were 38 comments
- And her posts were viewed a staggering 35,000 times
Now before we go on I just want you to think about your own marketing activity last week. We are after all at the begining of the fall, a time when enquiries are hard to come by. Visitor numbers on the big listings sites are down and bookings are in short supply. At least for those of us in northern europe.
How many times were your adverts seen last week?
What interaction did you get?
Who went out of their way to follow you and your property?
What did you tell prospective guests about your area and what it has to offer?
Anyway, here are some examples of the snackable, bite sized, mobile media content that this owner put out last week. Each post related to the property location in some way.
All of this content is mobile optimised. It renders beautifully on any screen, tablet or smartphone.
Here’s a comment on this post from one of this owners followers
OK – Just gotta tell you guys… I officially love your posts
When did anyone say that about your Homeaway listing?
Nice sounding salad too, by the way.
Here’s another example post
This property is situated on the west coast Of Portugal and as such attracts surfers.
As you can see from this post – Surfs up!
Once again, great engagement on this post. Photo views are through the roof.
Just yesterday this fun post was plus oned 56 times. It was also shared 10 times.
VR marketing doesn’t have to be all bedroom photos and lists of amenities. It can be humorous, informative, eye opening or just lovely to look at.
Once again people loved this post. They plussed it, they shared it and they commented on it.
It raised awareness. It helped build brand. It planted the seeds that may flower later on.
What about the ROI?
Now I can hear some of you screaming “What about the return on investment”?
So first off let’s look at the investment. This form of advertising is free.
Sure enough this owner has taken our Bookings Plus 4G Social Media Marketing course and that only costs a one off $89, so that hardly breaks the bank..
So the investment is time. This owner spent 90 minutes creating posts this week and around 60 minutes replying to comments and generally engaging with followers.
Say, Two and a half hours in total.
No money, just time.
So what about the return?
Last week she gained 103 followers. These followers can all be emailed directly.
She now has a total of over 4,500 followers solely by using these methods. She’s gained these follower since christmas. That’s some email list.
She also gained 250 more + ones and Google counts plus ones. That’s it’s own social currency and the more you have the higher it ranks you.
Then there’s the deeper engagement, the reshares and the comments. These really form the beginnings of a relationship and can lead directly to bookings.
But let’s not forget the page views – A whopping 35,000 of them. In One week. Roughly 150 minutes work bought in 35 thousand views.
That’s around 250 views for every minutes work.
That’s an exceptional amount of exposure.
How does that stack up against Flipkey or Homeaway?
The bottom line
The detractors of this type of marketing will be saying “How many bookings did she get last week”? and as I said at the beginning we are shooting from the hip and the answer is “NONE”.
But as I also said at the beginning, we are deep into September and here in northern europe that means colder weather and minimal bookings.
Here’s what I say to those detractors – “How many bookings did you take last week”?
As we all know booking season kicks off the week after christmas and that’s a full 14 weeks away.
If this owner carries on with this type of destination marketing between now and christmas, she will have another 1500 followers taking her total followers to 6,000.
She will also have another 3,500 + ones and Google will love her for that.
She will also rank higher in Google search for her keyword of choice (she’s already 14th and 16th) and this will lead to more organic bookings.
She will have built more relationships with more engagers.
And her posts will have been seen another half a million times. That’s just the next 3 months.
Here’s the takeaway
As a vacation rental owner you have 2 choices.
You can continue to market your property solely with the big listings sites and hope for the best even though year on year bookings per owner are on the decrease.
You can join the rising numbers of owners that are discovering this new way to market their property. Take the next 12 – 14 weeks between now and the start of the booking season to build your own destination guide.
Many owners on our social media marketing course have gained over a 1,000 followers in that time and their pages have been viewed over 500,000 times. You can join them.
As always, the choice is yours.
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Free Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F' in HD VideoNow you can enjoy Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F' in High Quality Video with duration 93 Min and has been launched in 2015-04-18 with MPAA rating is 135.
- Original Title : ドラゴンボールＺ 復活の「Ｆ」
- Movie title in your country : Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F'
- Year of movie : 2015
- Genres of movie : Animation, Fantasy, Action, Adventure,
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- Release date of movie : 2015-04-18
- Companies of movie : Toei Animation,
- Countries of movie : Japan,
- Language of movie : 日本語,
- Durationof movie : 93 Min
- Average vote of movie : 7.4
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- Cast of movie :Ryō Horikawa (Vegeta), Ryuusei Nakao (Frieza), Masaka Nozawa (Goku), Hiromi Tsuru (Bulma), Kôichi Yamadera ()
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1. State's STEM suffers a baffling gender gap
State's STEM suffers a baffling gender gap
The road to changing attitudes about gender in the workforce is inexplicably long and bumpy. And nowhere is it more baffling than in STEM.
A decade's worth of research was recently cited in a report by the Women's Foundation of Colorado and its STEM Coalition.
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Tuesday, 30 December 2008
UK's postcodes at 50th anniversary
Note from Mosonga:
I heard this morning (30/12/2008 via Talksport Radio) that today(?) is the anniversary of the prestigious British postcode system! I'm not sure if they meant it is exactly today or maybe sometime next year, as I have come to learn that the system was started in 1959 (in Norwich), which means that the anniversay is supposed to be next year!
The Postcode
The postcode, in its present form as a mixture of six letters and digits, was first used in Norwich in October, 1959. This was the world's first experiment with postal address codes, designed to allow sorting by machine. By 1974, the postcode system covered Britain.
The earliest form of postcode was introduced in London in 1857. Sir Rowland Hill, the inventor of the penny post, divided London into districts denoted by compass points, 'N' for north, 'S' for south and so on. The first provincial city to be divided into postal districts was Liverpool in 1864.
Numbers were added to the London postal districts to divide them up more specifically into NW1, SW2, etc during the First World War, in 1916.
(source; bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1082558)
Postal codes in the United Kingdom
UK postal codes are known as postcodes.
UK postcodes are alphanumeric. These codes were introduced by the Royal Mail over a 15-year period from 1959 to 1974 — the full list is now available electronically from the Royal Mail as the Postcode Address File. They have been widely adopted not just for their original purpose of automating the sorting of mail but for many other purposes such as insurance premium calculations and as a way to describe United Kingdom locations to route planning software, and as the lowest level of aggregation in census enumeration.
However, as the format of the codes does not achieve its objective of primarily identifying the main sorting office and sub-office they have been supplemented by a newer system of five-digit codes called Mailsort — but only for mailings of 'a minimum of 4,000 letter-sized items'. Mail users who can deliver mail to the post office sorted by Mailsort code receive discounts but [bulk] delivery by postcode provides no such incentive.
Postcode history
The major cities of the UK have much older postcodes, now incorporated into the current system, than other areas. In the mid-19th century, central London postal districts were divided between east central (EC) and west central (WC); broadly speaking the City and the West End, while the perimeter of inner London were split into N, NW, NE, S, SW, SE, W, and E. This first system of ten London postal districts was devised by Sir Rowland Hill and introduced in 1857 and 1858. S and NE were later dropped and are now used for Sheffield and Newcastle. The numbered subdivisions (W1, W2 etc) were a war-time measure and date from 1917. The 1917 subdivisions remain important, because they form the first part of the two-part modern postcode (so N1 1AA is an address in the old N1 district), and because they continue to be used by Londoners to refer to their districts.
The Post Office experimented with electromechanical sorting machines in the late 1950s. These devices would present an envelope to an operator, who would press a button indicating which bin to sort the letter into. Postcodes were suggested to increase the efficiency of this process, by removing the need for the sorter to remember the correct sorting for as many places.
In January 1959 the Post Office analyzed the results of a survey on public attitudes towards the use of postal codes. The next step would be choosing a town in which to experiment with coded addresses. The envisaged format was to be a six character alphanumeric code with three letters designating the geographical area and three numbers to identify the individual address. On 28 July Ernest Marples, the Postmaster General, announced that Norwich had been selected, and that each of the 150,000 private and business addresses would receive a code by October. Norwich had been selected as it already had eight automatic mail sorting machines in use. The codes were in the form NOR followed by two digits and a letter.
When this modern postcode system was introduced for London in 1960s, the numerals were added such that the nearest areas in each direction were allocated the number “1” (W1, SW1, ect.). Afterwards, numbers were allocated alphabetically, not by geography, and with complete disregard to the boundaries of London’s boroughs.
In October 1965 it was confirmed that postal coding was to be extended to the rest of the country in the "next few years". On 1 May 1967 post codes were introduced in Croydon. The codes for central Croydon started with the letters CRO, and those of the surrounding post towns with CR2, CR3 and CR4. This was to be the beginning of a ten year plan, costing an estimated £24 million. Within two years it was expected that coding would be used in Aberdeen, Belfast, Brighton, Bristol, Bromley, Cardiff, Coventry, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newport, Reading, Sheffield, Southampton and the western district of London. By 1967 codes had been introduced to Aberdeen, Southampton, Brighton and Derby. In 1970 codes were introduced to the Western and North West London areas. In December 1970 Christmas mail was franked with the message "Remember to use the Postcode", although codes were only used to sort mail in a handful of sorting offices.
During 1971 occupants of addresses began to receive notification of their postcode. Asked in the House of Commons about the completion of the coding exercise, the Postmaster General, Sir John Eden stated it was expected to be completed during 1972.
The scheme was finalised in 1974 when Norwich was completely re-coded but the scheme tested in Croydon was sufficiently close to the final design for it to be retained. Newport was originally allocated NPT, in a similar way to Norwich and Croydon, with the surrounding towns allocated NP1-NP8. This lasted into the mid 1980s when for operational reasons (NPT being non-standard, and too similar to NP7) it was recoded.
The legacy of the Croydon trial can still be seen today:
CR0 was the only postal district with a zero in that position: all others start with 1. This caused some of the Royal Mail's software to misbehave slightly. Subsequently, the "zeroth" district has been used in some other postcode areas, such as Bolton, Harrow, Slough, Chelmsford and Southend on Sea.
A separate postal "district", CR9 is used for large users and PO Box holders. This policy has been used elsewhere, with normal postcodes "growing" upwards from district 1 and large-user postcodes "growing" downwards from district 99.
The CR0 district contains far more addresses than any other postal district in the country.
CR1 has never been used — possibly left spare for rationalisation. (The other CR districts, CR2 etc. were coded later and conform to the general standards.)
There was at one point a movement to change all CR0 postcodes to CR1, but this was rejected.
CR0 is often incorrectly written as CRO, although in some type faces and handwriting the digit '0' and letter 'O' are identical -- the problem is exacerbated as it is often pronounced 'Sea Arr Oh' rather than 'Sea Arr Zero'.
The format of UK postcodes is generally:
A9 9AA
A99 9AA
AA99 9AA
where A signifies a letter and 9 a digit. It is a hierarchical system, working from left to right — the first letter or pair of letters represents the area, the following digit or digits represent the district within that area, and so on. Each postcode generally represents a street, part of a street, or a single premises. This feature makes the postcode useful to route planning software.
The part of the code before the space is the outward code or out code used to direct mail from one sorting office to the destination sorting office, while the part after the space is the inward code or in code used to sort the mail into individual delivery rounds. The outward code can be split further into the area part (letters identifying one of 124 postal areas) and the district part (usually numbers); similarly, the inward code is split into the sector part (number) and the unit part (letters). Each postcode identifies the address to within 100 properties (with an average of 15 properties per postcode), although a large business may have a single code
Name Location Component format for YO31 1EB Number of live codes Number of terminated codes. Other Codes
(GIR 0AA, SAN TA1, BX) [17] Total
postcode area out code YO 124 0 3 127
postcode district out code YO31 2,971 103 4 3,078
sector in code YO31 1 10,631 1,071 4 11,706
unit in code YO31 1EB 1,762,464[16] 650,417 4 2,412,885
Postcode Addresses approx. 27,000,000 [18]
The letters in the outward code may give some clue to its geographical location (but see London below). For example, L indicates Liverpool, EH indicates Edinburgh and AB indicates Aberdeen; see List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom for a full list. Although BT indicates Belfast, it covers the whole of Northern Ireland. The letters in the inward code, however, are restricted to the set ABDEFGHJLNPQRSTUWXYZ (excluding CIKMOV), which generally do not resemble digits or each other when hand-written.
There are at least two exceptions (other than the overseas territories) to this format:
the postcode for the formerly Post Office-owned Girobank is GIR 0AA.
the postcode for correctly addressed letters to Father Christmas is SAN TA1[19]
In addition to postcodes, Delivery Point Suffixes (DPS) have been developed to uniquely identify each delivery point (a letterbox) within a single postcode. A DPS is two-character (a digit and a letter) code optionally appended to postcode. Use of DPS codes is mandatory for Mailsort barcodes generation.
Greater London postcodes
Main article: London postal district
In the London Postal Area postcodes are slightly different, being based on the 1856 system of Postal Districts which was refined in 1917 by numbering the 163 Sub-Districts; predating by many years the introduction of postcodes in the 1960s:
In parts of central London, WC and EC (West Central and East Central)
In the rest of the London Postal Area, N, NW, SW, SE, W and E.
The London postal districts rarely coincide with the boundaries of the London boroughs (even the former, smaller Metropolitan Boroughs). The numbering system appears arbitrary on the map: for example, NW1 is close to central London, but NW2 is a long way out. This is because, after starting with 1 for the area containing the main sorting office of the larger district, the numbers were allocated alphabetically according to the name of the smaller sorting office that formed each new sub-district's hub.
The area covered by the London postal districts was somewhat larger than the County of London, and included parts of Kent, Essex, Surrey, Middlesex and Hertfordshire. In 1965 the creation of Greater London caused this situation to be reversed as the boundaries of Greater London went beyond most of the existing London postal districts.
Those places not covered by the existing districts received postcodes as part of the national coding plan, so the postcode areas of "EN" Enfield, "KT" Kingston upon Thames, "HA" Harrow, "UB" Uxbridge", "TW" Twickenham, "SM" Sutton, "CR" Croydon, "DA" Dartford, "BR" Bromley, "RM" Romford and "IG" Ilford cross administrative boundaries and cover parts of neighbouring counties as well as parts of Greater London.
A further complication is that in some of the most central London areas, a further gradation has been necessary to produce enough postcodes, giving codes like EC1A 1AA.
While most postcodes are allocated by administrative convenience, a few are deliberately chosen. For example in Westminster:
SW1A 0AA - House of Commons
SW1A 0PW - House of Lords, Palace of Westminster
SW1A 1AA - Buckingham Palace
SW1A 2AA - 10 Downing Street, Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury
SW1A 2AB - 11 Downing Street, Chancellor of the Exchequer
SW1A 2HQ - HM Treasury headquarters
W1A 1AA - Broadcasting House
W1A 1AB - Selfridges
N81 1ER - Electoral Reform Society (the whole of N81 is reserved for the ERS)
Other areas' postcodes
Street name signs on Birdbrook Road, Great Barr, Birmingham, showing old "Birmingham 22" (top) and modern "B44" postcodes.Until the 1960s, Postal Areas such as Belfast, Birmingham, Bradford, Brighton, Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hove, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Salford, Newcastle upon Tyne and Sheffield were divided into numbered Postal Districts, e.g. Toxteth in Liverpool was Liverpool 8. When the national postcode system was introduced, these were incorporated into it, so that postcodes in Toxteth start with L8. A similar system is still used in the Republic of Ireland for Dublin's postal districts.
Some Birmingham codes were sub-divided, with a letter, such as Great Barr, Birmingham 22 or Birmingham 22a - as can still be seen on many older street-name signs.
A single numbering sequence was split between Manchester and Salford. Letters would be addressed to Manchester 1 or Salford 4. However in the 1960s, all the districts in both Manchester and Salford gained "M" postcodes, so "Salford 4" became M4, etc., much to the chagrin of Salfordians. The old coding lives on in a handful of street signs which are still embossed with "Salford 4" etc, at the bottom.
Glasgow shared with London a distinction from all other UK cities as it had compass postal districts due to its claimed status as the Second City of the British Empire, i.e., C, W, NW, N, E, S, SW, SE. When postcodes were introduced these were mapped into the new 'G' postcode area thus: C1 became G1, W1 became G11, N1 became G21, E1 became G31, S1 became G41, SW1 became G51, and so on.
The consequence of the complexity outlined above is that for almost every rule concerning UK postcodes, an exception can be found. Automatic validation of postcodes on the basis of pattern feasibility is therefore almost impossible to design, and the system contains no self-validating feature such as a check digit. Completely accurate validation is only possible by attempting to deliver mail to the address, and verifying with the recipient.
Validation is usually performed against a copy of the "Postcode Address File" (PAF), which is generated by the Royal Mail and contains about 27 million UK commercial and residential addresses. However, even the PAF cannot be relied on as it contains errors, and because new postcodes are occasionally created and used before copies of the PAF can be distributed to users.
It is possible to validate the format of a postcode using the rules described in British Standard BS 7666. In general, the format is one of "A9 9AA", "A99 9AA", "AA9 9AA", "AA99 9AA", "A9A 9AA" or "AA9A 9AA", where A is an alphabetic character and 9 is a numeric character. There are restrictions on the set of alphabetic characters dependent on the position they are in.
As can be seen, the first character is always alphabetical and the final three characters are always a numeric character followed by two alphabetic characters.
A regular expression is given in the comments of the schema, which implements full checking of all the stated BS 7666 postcode format rules. That regular expression can be restated as a "traditional" regular expression:
The BS 7666 rules do not match British Forces Post Office postcodes, which have the format "BFPO NNN" or "BFPO c/o NNN", where NNN is 1 to 4 numerical digits.
A regular expression to implement the BS 7666 rules:[22]
Alternative short regular expression from BS7666 Schema is:
[A-Z]{1,2}[0-9R][0-9A-Z]? [0-9][A-Z-[CIKMOV]]{2}
However, it has error and modified expression can be used:
Non-geographic postcodes
Almost all postcodes map directly to a geographic area, but there are some which are used simply for routing, mostly for the purposes of direct marketing, and cannot be used for navigation or distance-finding applications.
These codes include BS98, BS99, BT58, E98, NE98, NE99 and WC99.
There is an additional entirely non-geographic outward code BX, from which postcodes can be allocated entirely independently of the geographic location of the recipient (and which can be retained in the event of the customer moving)
Within Royal Mail, outward codes beginning XY are used internally as routing codes to route mis-addressed mail, and to route international outbound mail.
Girobank's headquarters in Bootle used the non-geographic postcode GIR 0AA, which is still used today by Girobank's eventual owners, Alliance and Leicester (Note that Alliance and Leicester have now been taken over by Santander).
The PAF is commercially licenseable and is often incorporated in address management software packages. The capabilities of such packages allow an address to be constructed solely from the postcode and house number for most addresses. By including the map references of postcodes in the address database, the postcode can be used automatically to pinpoint a postcode area on a map. See http://www.streetmap.co.uk for an example of this in practice. The PAF is constantly updated with around 4,000 postcodes added each month and 2,000 existing postcodes terminated.
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland was the last part of the UK to be postcoded with all postcodes beginning BT, between 1970 and 1974. While Belfast was already divided into postal districts, rural areas known as townlands posed an additional problem, as (at the time) many roads were not named, and houses were not numbered. Consequently, many people living in such areas shared the same postal address, which still occurs in the Republic of Ireland. Today the majority of roads in Northern Ireland are named (notable exceptions are in Fermanagh) and most houses (even in rural areas) are allocated a number. Those that are not allocated numbers can be uniquely identified by a house name. (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Post Office, Stamps, Postcode History in UK
Although the first stamp was not introduced until 1840, the long and interesting history of postal services began in the 17th Century.
Royal Beginnings
Originally, the only letters carried were those to and from the King and the Royal Court. In 1626, the service was extended to run between London and Plymouth; at the time, Plymouth was one of Britain's most strategically important ports. Soon, other postal services began and a network grew between the main cities. On 31 July, 1635, King Charles I issued a proclamation extending the use of the Royal Mail to the public.
The First Postmark
The Post Office was reorganised in 1660 and Henry Bishop was made Postmaster General. Bishop is remembered as the man who introduced the first postmark, issued in 1661. The Bishop Mark, as it is called, only showed the day and month of the posting; its purpose was to ensure that the letter carriers did not delay the mail, either for espionage purposes or simply due to laziness. At this time, all letters were taken to London, Edinburgh or Dublin before being sent to their destinations and Bishop marks were used in these cities (Edinburgh's being red). Similar postmarks were simultaneously being used in America, notably in Philadelphia and New York; they are still often referred to as American Bishop marks or Franklin marks (after Benjamin Franklin, the one-time Deputy Postmaster General).
Postal Rates and Routes
Early postal rates were very complicated. They were calculated according to the distance travelled and the number of sheets of paper included in the letter. The whole process was very time-consuming and expensive, so that only businesses and the wealthy could afford to send letters.
Over the years there were many improvements to the postal system. During the time when all letters were carried to London, Edinburgh or Dublin, there were six post roads around London. To improve the system, a series of additional routes was established, which increased the network. Cross posts ran between two different post roads. By-posts ran between a post road and a town some distance from it. A way-letter went between two towns on the same post road. Instructions were put on the bottom left corner of letters, hence early covers often arrived with 'Cross post' or 'X-post' written on them.
Dockwra's Penny Post
A special local penny-post was introduced in London in 1680 by William Dockwra. His service also introduced the first pre-payment of letters - previously it had been the custom for the recipient to pay for the cost of the letter. This cheap local post was soon used in other major cities and was later adopted by many provincial towns.
The revenue from the postal service went to the Government. This London penny post was increased to tuppence in 1801 to help finance the war against Napoleon.
Rowland Hill's Reforms
It was Rowland Hill who instigated the greatest reform of the postal service. His dream, which he was finally able to fulfil, was to have a cheap and efficient postal system which everybody could afford to use. He was also keen to introduce a convenient method of prepaying the postage and suggested 'a bit of paper just large enough to bear a stamp, and covered at the back with a glutinous wash'. He demonstrated that the cost of transporting a letter from one post town to another was almost negligible. He also showed that it would be far better to charge by weight rather than by the number of sheets. He suggested that there should be a uniform charge of one penny per half ounce made on all letters delivered within the United Kingdom and that payment could be prepaid by using a label or special stationary.
These recommendations were eventually approved. In 1839 a competition was organised for suggestions for types of adhesive labels and stamped paper. Although there were over 2,500 entries, none was entirely suitable. The best of these ideas were refined by Rowland Hill himself, with the help of the printers Perkins, Bacon and Petch. However, the public demand for a uniform penny post was so great that the new rates were introduced on 10 January, 1840, months ahead of schedule and well before any postage stamps were ready. Special head-stamps had to be made for use by the post offices to indicate that the penny postage had been paid. Finally on 6 May, 1840, the famous Penny Black stamps and some stamped wrappers designed by William Mulready were on sale at post offices.
The two-penny stamp was not ready until 8 May. It was thought that Mulready's stamped wrappers would be used most frequently, but the design was ridiculed by all and the penny and two-penny stamps were by far the most popular.
Rowland Hill was knighted in 1860 by Queen Victoria for his services to the Empire.
Overseas Post Offices
After the issue of these first stamps, many of the British colonies expressed a wish to issue their own postage stamps. However, the General Post Office (GPO) in London dismissed this idea, claiming it would be too confusing if more than one country were to use them. They believed that the postal workers would not be able to cope if hundreds of different postage stamps were available. So the first stamps which these colonies were allowed was a standard hand-stamp applied in red on letters. It showed a crown on top of a circle with the words 'paid at' and the name of the city or country.
Other countries were not so restricted, and it was not long before adhesive stamps were appearing elsewhere. Brazil followed Great Britain on 1 August, 1843, with the issue of the famous 'Bull's Eye' stamps. The cantons (states) of Switzerland came next with their first issues in 1843 and 1845. These were followed by the United States of America and Mauritius in 1847, and France, Belgium and Bavaria in 1849.
The Postcode
(source: www.bbc.uk/dna/h2g2/A1082558)
garydubh said...
The complexity of the UK postcode system has sent the Irish Government and its advisors around in circles for 4 years now trying to devise a Post Code for Ireland that fills all the gaps and ticks all the boxes. Nothing has been agreed yet and probably will not for quite some time. However, there are those who say that for sorting letters a PostCode is no longer required as OCR and a good address database will do the job. However, the more significant requirement for a Code nowadays is for navigation and routing (Logistics and Emergency services etc)
The fact that with postal deregulation in Europe including in Ireland commenicing in 2009, mail delivery will be done by courier type opeartions with a larger need for routing than actual sorting also increases the need for a dedicated code. It is for this reason that a navigation Code has now been published in Ireland - referred to as PON Codes;- they express a location geographically to an accuracy of +/- 6 meters and can be determined by anyone for anywhere..... see http://www.irishpostcodes.ie for more details. PON Codes have been tested by Garmin and GPS Ireland intends releasing a full version of the system early in 2009.
The PON Code system can already be used in Northern Ireland - eliminating the problems arising with the Royal Mail system in Fermanagh as mentioned in your article. PON Codes can be customised for any country.
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Contents of This Page
My Adderall Addiction Symptoms
Dunno about you, but back when I was abusing Adderall, I often had the feeling that something was off about my life. That I wasn’t really being my true self.
Now that I look back on it, the signs were clear that not only did my body want me to quit Adderall, my inner self wanted me to, as well.
Do you share any of my Adderall addiction symptoms listed below? If so, you may want to think about quitting Adderall for good.
1. You miss your old self
Adderall is amazing in helping you get things done. It’s easy to become proud of all the stuff you accomplish when you’re using, too. This productivity thing can define who you are, over time.
But if all you do is do, then you end up missing out on other, more important things in life… like following your passions, building stronger and more intimate relationships (not just sex) and simply drinking-in the world around you.
As for me, I often wondered about the things I used to really enjoy before Adderall became my crutch. Stuff like:
Gazing at the stars on a beach dune, and daydreaming.
Reading a long book – just for fun.
Napping on a Sunday afternoon.
Lying in bed with my honey for hours, talking about nothing (without having to have sex).
Fact is, most non-medicated people have a hard time fighting these sorts of natural passions and desires.
But on Adderall, I seemed to have an infinite ability to ignore them – and get shit done.
I now know (always knew?) that the most beautiful things in life have little to do with doing stuff. And these are the things you lose when you’re addicted to Adderall.
2. You wish you could turn it off, at will
Adderall helps you with so many things: work, school, cleaning, taking notes, organizing. The main benefit of Adderall is that it puts you into superpower work mode instantly.
The downside? it doesn’t let you quit hyper-work mode, even when you need to.
Like when your girlfriend wants to talk about her day.
Or when your daughter wants to hear another (boring) story before bed.
Or when your dog wants to cuddle on the sofa.
These moments aren’t just important to others, they define who you are, too. I wished I could have dialed down the meds more during precious, unscheduled moments like these.
3. You wonder what life might have been like, without it.
I often thought about what my life might look like if I had never taken Adderall, never leaned on that medical crutch for so many years.
Maybe I’d be a better, stronger person? physically, for sure!
Maybe my job would be totally different?
Maybe my love life would be better and more intimate?
Maybe I wouldn’t need a pill to start every new task or to finish every job?
Maybe I wouldn’t walk around with all this guilt?
Maybe I wouldn’t have to ponder this question, ever again…
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World Health Organization to Ethicists: Should We Use Experimental Ebola Drugs?
Treating two Americans with an untested drug for the deadly disease shifts thinking about ethics of use.
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Staff from an Ebola treatment center in Sierra Leone transport the bodies of deceased patients to a cemetery.
When American relief workers Kent Brantly and Nancy Writebol were offered and took an experimental treatment for Ebola last month, the event triggered a seismic shift in the largely behind-the-scenes debate over whether untested drugs should be used in the spreading outbreak in West Africa.
Until then, many experts felt it would be unethical to offer African Ebola patients drugs that had never been given to people, let alone tested for safety. (Related: "Promising Ebola Drugs Stuck in Lab Limbo as Outbreak Rages in Africa.")
The mere idea evoked memories of pharma giant Pfizer's disastrous clinical trial of a new antibiotic, trovafloxacin (Trovan), during a 1996 meningitis outbreak in northern Nigeria, or the plot of John le Carré's novel, The Constant Gardener, in which Kenyans are used as guinea pigs to test what turns out to be an unsafe tuberculosis drug.
But when news broke that two infected Americans had been given a therapy that had previously been tested only in primates and, further, that they were holding their own, the flip side of the ethical coin was revealed.
Suddenly the question was no longer "How could one use untested drugs in Africa?'' but "Why Americans and not Africans?" Why was the therapy flown to Liberia for Brantly and Writebol not also offered to Sheik Umar Khan, who had died a few days earlier in Sierra Leone, where he was his country's only virologist and leading Ebola expert?
Questions like these will shape discussions during a World Health Organization (WHO) meeting on the ethics of using experimental Ebola drugs in the current outbreak. The meeting, held today by teleconference, involves ethicists, the affected countries, and representatives of civil society.
Treatments Scarce, Untested
Nothing is easy about the issues, starting with the fact that supplies of the various experimental therapies and vaccines are so limited that recommending their use would be largely symbolic for the next few months at least.
"I think that one of the main showstoppers in all of this—again, I can't speak for every product—is the paucity of availability of any product at all," says Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
There is only enough ZMapp—the product the Americans took—to treat a handful of people, Fauci says. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, which recently conducted an assessment of the various experimental products in the pipeline, says it could take three to four months to produce another small batch of the therapy.
The remaining doses of ZMapp have been distributed, LeafBio, the company commercializing the product, said in a brief statement posted to its website Monday afternoon. It indicated remaining doses had been provided to Spain for treatment of an infected missionary and to an unnamed West African country for two medical doctors. By Monday evening, the statement was removed from the website.
Sarepta Therapeutics, which shelved an Ebola drug it was developing when it lost U.S. government support for the work, has indicated it would be willing to allow use of its remaining supply—enough to treat a few dozen people, CEO Chris Garabedian told the financial news publication Barron's.
Tekmira Pharmaceuticals, the only company to have done some preliminary safety testing of an Ebola therapy in people, says it would allow its drug to be used by infected individuals. In early July the U.S. Food and Drug Administration placed the drug on a clinical hold because of safety concerns about giving it in high doses, but last week revised its status to allow for compassionate use. Tekmira will not say how much of the product it has or how long it takes to make.
Even therapies and vaccines that have been tried on infected primates have been used only in small numbers of animals. Is it ethical to offer these? Is it safe?
After all, not all drugs that are safe in primates turn out to be safe in people. In 2006, for instance, six healthy volunteers were given an experimental drug called TGN1412, a synthetic antibody under development for leukemia and arthritis. All six nearly died.
"Is there a threshold of what they should have demonstrated in animal models? In nonhuman primates? Is there a threshold also on toxicity?" asks Marie-Paule Kieny, the WHO's assistant director general for health systems and innovation.
On the other side of the deliberation scale is the crushing need for therapies, not just to treat the ill but also to gain their trust. As is often seen in Ebola outbreaks, hostility and suspicion have plagued efforts to halt the spread of the disease.
People who fear they may be sick resist efforts by medical teams to isolate them. And communities often hide the sick, leading to more infections. With no cure and a high death rate, rumors fly that the medical teams are spreading the illness or killing people for their organs.
Aid workers believe that if effective therapies were available, the resistance problem would eventually evaporate. (Related: "Ebola's Deadly Spread in Africa Driven by Public Health Failures, Cultural Beliefs.")
Who Gets Scarce Drugs?
But what would the impact be if affected communities learn that a very small number of people are being offered treatments, but most are not? Would that make medical teams from groups such as Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) more welcome in these villages? Would it endanger the aid workers?
If the few doses available are going to be used, one ethicist suggests they should be given to health care workers, who have made up an alarming proportion of the Ebola cases in this outbreak. (Related: "Q&A: American Virus Expert in Africa's Ebola Zone: 'This is Like War.'")
"If we have a limited amount of medication to use, it makes sense to use it first on those who are in there trying to treat everyone who has this disease. Because if we allow the people who are treating it to be wiped out, there's no one left to treat it," says Kevin Donovan, director of the Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics at Georgetown University Medical Center. Donovan is not a member of the WHO panel.
He and others suggest that if the experimental treatments are deployed, they should be used in a way that helps scientists determine what actually works against Ebola and why, so that the world is better armed for the next outbreak.
Says Donovan: "This is why I think the rush to say, 'We just have to throw whatever's available at people,' and not do it in a careful way to find out if it really is effective and if it really will be safe, is misplaced goodwill. And it's supported by this great anxiety that the infection epidemic causes."
Given the conditions on the ground, using Ebola drugs in a clinical trial-type approach would be challenging—but not impossible, says Frederick Hayden, an expert on antiviral drugs at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and a consultant to the WHO.
Still, Hayden is talking about several months down the road. "Because obviously there are a lot of things that have to get put into place. It's not just having the [drug]. You have to have the protocol, the ethics review, the regulatory piece in place, the import licence. These things all have to fall into place."
Follow Helen Branswell on Twitter.
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We all know that to get a better paid job one has to go to college and pass out with good grades. No college means no good job. But have you noticed something, all these rich millionaires and billionaire either have never been to college or are dropouts. These people had never finished college but then they had an idea which they put to use and thus resulted into millionaires and billionaire.
1. Micky Arison: He is the richest person in Florida. He has a net worth of $6.5 billions. And just in case of you do not know who Micky Arison, well Micky Arison is the owner the NBA’s Miami Heat and CEO of the Carnival Corporation which is the largest cruise operators.
2. Ralph Lauren: Ralph Lauren is the infamous fashion designer and CEO and chairman of Ralph Lauren Corporation. He dropped out of college to pursue his dream. Surprisingly, he dropped out of college and joined the army. He then began to design neckties for Beau Brummel. In the mid 70’s he launched the Polo which included the entire set of men’s clothing, shoes, jewelery and fragrance. And just so you know, he opened his company in a garage and today, its net worth is $7billion.
3. Steve Jobs: This man needs to introduction. After dropping out of college just after six months, job became a video game designer for Atari but later quite that job to travel to India. And when he was 21, he founded Apple computers in his garage of course with Steve Wozniak. And as they say, the rest is history.
4. Michael Dell: He is the founder, chairman and CEO of Dell Corporation. During his study time at the University, Dell was busy making his own computers. After making he started to sell them. And that is how he established his empire. At the age of 19, he made $80,000. In 2001, he was declared as the world’s greatest PC maker. And today, his net worth is $18.5billion.
5. Mark Zukerberg: Another man who needs no introduction at all. In his Harvard dorm he created website that made was recognized worldwide. A big thank you to Mark for creating a space for posting our selfies. However, just for the record, the net worth is 29.9billion.
6. Bill Gates: Bill Gates is the most richest billionaire who dropped out of college to be what he is today. His net worth is $80billion. He dropped out of Harvard to start Microsoft. And in 1987, he became the youngest self mad billionaire. From 2007 till date, he has been the richest person in the world.
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Building on Our Strengths
Founded in 1942 at the request of the Canadian government, the original group of 12 companies was made up of the principal brokers, importers and grinders in the Canadian Spice industry at the time.
CSA History
The initial purpose of the Association was to ensure that fair and equitable allocations of the various spices were made during World War II, as it was extremely difficult to obtain supplies due to crop shortages and limited shipping facilities from foreign countries during wartime. Over time, the Association became a useful vehicle for exchanging information about common issues within the industry and government.
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Integrate S17 Projected Capacitive Touchscreen Monitors To ATM Kiosks
Automated Teller Machines with S17 Projected Capacitive Touchscreen PCs
Richard B. Kiosks Manufacturing, Projected Capacitive Touchscreen
In the UK, public kiosks like Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) increase its number in 2017. As of June 2017, there were 70,308 cash machines deployed and 48 million people are using ATMs [LINK Transaction History]. In addition to that, there was a total of 100.1 million cards issued in the UK as of October 2016 [UK Credit and Debit Cards].
But, the growing number of these machines has a looming threat. Members of the UK Link system wants to overhaul these machines. One reason is that these teller machines have a high operational cost. Also, most of these self-service kiosks are becoming outdated.
So, for kiosk manufacturers, these machines must have cost-effective and modern industrial PCs. One of the most recommended computing devices is the S17 touchscreen PCs. These devices have features to fit the ATM kiosks, especially when there is a lack of light. It has an LED backlit display so users can still view the applications on the screen clearly.
Another advantage of these devices is its touchscreen technology known as projected capacitance. It is more responsive to touch when performing transactions on the ATM. Thus, users can easily navigate the options on the screen with its touch feature.
Now, why is it ideal to use S17 industrial PCs with projected capacitance? Also, these automated teller machines can be a target for fraud and data breach. So, can these industrial computers provide data security and confidentiality as well? Let’s explore other features of this device on this blog.
Integrate S17 Projected Capacitive Touchscreen Monitors To ATM Kiosks
Why Integrate S17 Capacitive Touchscreen Monitors To ATM Kiosks
Automated teller machines are essential for many banking institutions. Through ATMs, account holders can perform their financial transactions easily. But, these machines are also exposed to frequent use since these are 24/7 operational. So, every component of the computing equipment is heavily used as well.
But, not all ATMs are placed indoors. Some of these machines are installed in outdoor places. ATMs can be found outside the banks, shopping malls or the transport terminals. These places are prone to heat and dust during summer and spring seasons. And, these machines may be vulnerable to ice formation during winter.
Given all these factors, the S17 industrial computers can be placed for outdoor kiosks. It is ideal for outdoor settings as well as for the UK’s weather conditions.
These industrial computers are graded with an IP69K rating and high NEMA sealing. These ratings prove that these can withstand all types of outdoor environments. That includes a degree of protection from heavy rains or heat from the sun. It is also protected from other fallen debris such as snow or airborne particles. Therefore, any person can use the ATM without worrying a system to fail.
Furthermore, these devices can be durable even with a touchscreen functionality. A touchscreen technology with projected capacitance can be best integrated into it. This can be made with all glass or plastic which makes it impervious on outdoor environments.
Now, why opt for the S17 industrial PCs with projected capacitance? How will it improve ATM kiosks’ functionality and ease of use? Let’s take a look at some of these features below.
Features of the S17 Industrial Touchscreen PCs
Not all ATMs have an advanced computing technology inside of it. Some of these are using infrared technology which has lower resolution. Whilst, other ATMs are still using a resistive touchscreen technology. That is why some of these machines may suffer a system failure when used frequently.
These issues can be prevented with the S17 touch panel PCs. Its projected capacitive touchscreen monitors have 3-layers to protect the ATM system. At the top layer, its glass serves as a protection against the outdoor environment. Then, its touch sensors are placed in the middle layer to make touch functionality work on the ATMs. And, the last layer is where the embedded LCD monitor is placed to visually see the ATM applications.
All these layers make its touchscreen feature to work on the machine. And, it will not only improve its touch operations but also suit for all kinds of outdoor environment.
Aside from its projected capacitance features, it also provides a lot of benefits. Here are some reasons why the S17 touch panel PCs are suitable for ATMs.
Resistive and Projected Capacitive Touchscreen
Cash machines use different types of touchscreen technology. The most common touchscreen feature is the resistive. It is cheaper when compared to other touchscreens available. It also provides functionality but has a limited touch sensitivity.
But, the most recommended touchscreen technology is the projected capacitive touchscreen. In fact, this touchscreen feature is applied to most interactive kiosks. It is more responsive to touch and easier to use than resistive. Also, it can have a user-friendly interface so people can perform transactions easily. Hence, any user can navigate the options and access certain applications on the ATM.
Tough and Resilient
Dust and dirt are the most common debris that may potentially enter into the system. There are also times that drops of liquid may surface on the screen monitors. Other industrial computers may not resist all these which can damage the machine.
But, the S17 rugged computers have an IP69K rating and high NEMA sealing. Apart from weather conditions, it can also withstand dust, dirt and water intrusions. This means that it can function properly and efficiently even with these hindrances.
Moreover, its IP rating and NEMA sealing show that it is also scratch- and shock-resistant. This proves that it can also withstand repeated use even in indoor applications.
Compatible Operating Systems
ATMs can be a target of fraud, data breaches and theft. Personal details and vital information of the account owner may be put at risk. Hence, its computing systems must have applications for data security.
Good thing is, the S17 industrial PCs have customisable options to ensure it has the right OS for ATMs. Banks have the option to choose the preferred operating system and software for ATMs. Operating systems like Windows and Linux can be installed on this device. So, regardless of what type of operating system, this ensures that it is compatible to any of these.
Setup the S17 Touch Panel PCs in the ATMs Today
As an ATM kiosk manufacturer, upgrading the computing system is a huge investment. But, most of the banking institutions are looking for innovation and ease of use on their ATMs. Therefore, it is recommended to provide them with better automated teller machines.
Now is the time to elevate the rising demands of the public. Install the S17 touch panel PCs with projected capacitive touchscreen to the ATMs. And, help these banking institutions provide better cash machines today.
UK Cash & Cash Machines Summary, [PDF]
Plans to overhaul cash machine network in UK could cut ATM numbers,
Other articles worth reading:
Embed 22” Industrial Computer Monitors to Public Kiosks
Interactive Kiosks with a Projected Capacitive Touchscreen Feature
Choosing Embedded Industrial Computer Monitors for Outdoor Kiosks
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Impact of Licensure Issues on Doctors and Nurses
Objective: Discuss licensure issues in internationally trained and traveling healthcare professionals and alternative medicine providers.
Introduction: Globalization has had a major impact on all aspects of our lives, including healthcare. As people travel more, healthcare workers must sometimes conduct their practices outside of their countries of origin. In this essay, you will examine the issues related to international care and licensure for doctors and nurses so that they are able to practice their professions in other countries.
Activity Details:
Step 1: Review and research.Review the lesson readings and do further research as needed in the Cline Library or on the Internet. Consider the following questions:
-What are the requirements for out-of-country doctors to be able to practice their professions in another country? Provide specific examples.
-What challenges are faced by internationally trained nurses when they practice in other countries? Select a specific country to explore and discuss.
-What are the impacts of cultural differences on international licensure and practice?
-What recommendations would you make to U.S. regulatory agencies about allowing or preparing foreign-trained doctors and nurses to practice in U.S. states?
-Would you consider different requirements for these individuals if they were temporarily responding to a national pandemic?
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I’m discovering that work stress actually makes me want to blog more. Go figure.
I also realized this morning after looking at the number of posts that have been hanging around in Blogger for far too long waiting for me to post them, that what keeps me from blogging isn’t the time or the writing. I do plenty of that. It’s the finishing—the adding links and such—that holds me up. Too many times, I’ll have something finished in Blogger, except for the links, and think “I’ll get back to that part in a little bit.” And never do. Sometimes it sucks to be me.
Anyway, here are a few links and other stuff that have me thinking the kind of thoughts that I want to write about right now.
First up, Lefty’s post today reminded me that I have never said anything publicly about being included in his monthly “Circle of Friends” CD mailings. This is especially rude of me because the November and December CD’s were two of the best CD’s of any kind I listened to all year. The December one has become my official holiday CD, in fact. I shall play it every year when we do our baking and wrapping and stuff. It’s a lot of work to put something like this together—assembling the music, ripping, downloading, burning, labeling, mailing—not to mention the expense of it all, so I’m grateful to Lefty for including me. Thanks, man!
By the way, he says the slots for the Mixed Bag 5 exchange are going fast. Go on. Sign up. You know you want to. It’s a lot of fun! And there are prizes this year!
Over at Progressive Ruin, Mike’s been heralding the end of civilization for 2 years now, but after this latest installment, I’m convinced that that end is right around the corner.
I mean honestly, what else could this:
All together in the same Previews catalog mean, except for the Apocalypse? Honestly, I don’t think things can sink any further. (Images nicked from Mike, of course.) If you need me, I’ll be in a cave in the mountains, somewhere! Somebody better check on Mike, too. After this installment, I'm afraid his brain may have melted down.
Last week, I wrote a long piece about the infamous Rick Olney, but have been hesitating on posting it. After all, I’m a nobody with a blog (not a comics professional) and he didn’t screw me over with false promises of payment. I wrote the piece because I thought it was kind of interesting to have something from my past tied into things that were making comics news, but in light of the fact the several people have had their livelihood negatively impacted by his actions, I just didn’t feel right about trying to hop on the wagon with my little tale.
However, this comment at the Beat made me re-think that a bit. I think Olney’s problems were pretty obvious when he was just running comic fan clubs. My interaction with him certainly proved that! Like I said, he didn’t bilk me financially and it was all amateur fan-to-fan interaction, but his behavior certainly was disturbing in the end. I’ll post my story tomorrow. In the meantime, you can click around on some of the links above, if you need to come up to speed on the whole saga.
I really like this post over at Written Worlds for the Roe v Wade anniversary for the succinct distillation of the pro-choice argument.
Fan entitlement. It’s not just for super-hero fans any more.
I really liked Beanworld, too. And, hell, I’d love to see it revived or at least reprinted. But saying this is a bit much, I think:
I don’t think Marder owes us any more Beanworld any more than Sallinger owes us Bride of the Return of Catcher in the Rye. But, from my perspective, he DOES owe us Beanworld fans the courtesy of a formal reiteration of his promise to work on Beanworld for the rest of his life, OR a formal “Fuck Off. I don’t DO that anymore.”
For the record, I don't think Larry Marder owes me shit. Oh, and I love the way the author tries to disguise the whole sense of entitlement with all the talk about Marder not owing anyone any more Beanworld.
A part of me is thinking it can’t be time to start talking about Free Comic Book Day already. Another part of me is disappointed to see that once again it’s on Derby Day, which will make it hard for local shops to build the kind of buzz that shops in other cities do.* And a part of me is saying, “Lynda Barry and Gottfredson Mickey Mouse? Cool!”
*It’s hard to explain the way this town goes nuts around Kentucky Derby-time to folks who don't live here. Trying out free comics is the last thing on anyone’s mind.
Oh yeah, that comic weblog update thingamajig is back, kind of. It's just in a different place run by a different person.
Finally, a couple of Courier-Journal links (only available for a week after publication). First a review of the Clark-Ely-Hiatt-Lovett extravaganza. I think he over-sells it a bit by calling it the “the better part of three hours.” It was after 7 (like 7:15) when the show started, and they did their finale at 9. They did come back for an encore, but by 9:30 we were outside the auditorium on our way to the parking lot. I guess two-ish hours can be considered the “better part” of three hours, but, please. It was a great show as it was, there’s no need to pump it up like that. Also, apparently there was someone watching TV during the concert. Geez! Concert behavior is getting to be as bad as movie behavior!
Speaking of concerts, just found out that one of my most favorite folksingers, Kate Campbell, is doing a benefit for Habitat for Humanity on Saturday! Todd Snider on Friday and Kate Campbell on Saturday! Bring on the music, 2007!
I’ll shut up now.
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In recent seasons League One has sometimes had the look of a graveyard for some of the big, historic names of English football, with Leeds, Manchester City, both Sheffield Wednesday and United, Nottingham Forest and Southampton just a few of the clubs who have found themselves playing at the less glamourous end of English football.
There are Charlton Athletic, Bradford City, Portsmouth, Oldham Athletic and Wigan Athletic in the division this year, all having previously been in the Premier League, but the biggest name is probably Blackburn Rovers who were champions in 1995.
The length of time if took Sheffield United to get out of the league before promotion last season shows what a tough league this can be, and whilst it doesn’t look quite as strong as last season, I expect it to still be tough and struggle to see any team really running away with it.
Challenging for Promotion:
Blackburn Rovers: A car crash of a club under the Venky’s, Rovers have sunk to their lowest level for some time. Tony Mowbray had a promising future as a manager but has stalled in recent years, which is probably why he finds himself at Blackburn. They have made big changes to the squad with 14 players leaving and 9 coming in, with some money spent, so they’ll need things to gel quickly to have a chance of challenging for promotion. They’ll be one of the biggest clubs in this division but it will be tough to change trajectory having been in a downward spiral for so long.
Bradford City: Bradford looked strong all season before losing out in the play-off final to Millwall. The Bantams will be strong at home as usual but need to convert some of last season’s home draws into wins (W11, D12, L0). The league doesn’t look to have the strength of the top two of last season this year, so they should have a chance of pushing on for automatic promotion with a squad that is arguably stronger than last season.
Doncaster Rovers: A late season blip cost them the League Two title but they were the best side in the division for a long period. It’s happened with other clubs before, so if they can continue their upward trajectory they could challenge for play-offs this season. They’ve not made many changes to the squad so far but that shouldn’t be a worry with the quality they had last year, with John Marquis prolific in League Two. A top half finish should be well within reach.
MK Dons: The long Karl Robinson reign came to an end last season as he was unable to stop the downward spiral following relegation from The Championship. Robbie Nelson came in having performed well at Hearts and managed to change fortunes after a settling in period. They’ll have a decent budget for this level and have made a number of changes to the squad, so if they can build on the progress of the end of last season they could challenge for the play-offs.
Wigan Athletic: Immediately relegated back to League One after just one season and the approach seemed to be shambolic with two managers sacked during the season. Paul Cook has come in as manager following his title win at Portsmouth and if given time could be a very shrewd appointment. Ten players have departed since the end of last season but they don’t look particularly weaker as only Stephen Warnock and Lewis Buxton were regulars in the first team. Omar Bogle was signed from Grimsby in January with high hopes after his prolific record in lower divisions and he can now push on after settling. With Bogle and Will Grigg up-front, Wigan should be able to outscore most opposition and will be a force in this division.
Pushing for The Play-Offs
Bristol Rovers: They had a brilliant first season back in League One after successive promotions and will be looking for further consolidation in an effort to establish themselves at this level. They would probably settle for a top-ten finish again, but with the look of a progressive club with a good young manager in charge it wouldn’t surprise if they could sneak into the play-offs.
Charlton Athletic: Another poorly run club who have found themselves in League One; last season was a disappointment but ended with Karl Robinson as manager, who was one of the bright young things until recently. Robinson’s reputation has taken a bit of a hit of late but he knows this level well and can’t have turned into a bad manager in such a short space of time. Much will depend on future transfer business and how much control the manager actually has but they should be aiming for the play-offs.
Fleetwood Town: Some might not like the fact they have spent money to reach this level, but Fleetwood seem to be a well-run club with steady foundations that more clubs should follow. Uwe Rosler took them to another level last season and much this season will depend on if they can keep him. They finished in the top 4 last season, have strengthened by signing a number of young players and in arguably a weaker league should challenge for top six.
Oxford United: A good season back in League One was followed by the surprise departure of manager Michael Appleton. Pep Clotet, who previously worked at Swansea and Leeds with Garry Monk, was appointed manager and has made slight changes to the squad with some experienced names coming in. With an unknown manager it’s hard to say how well they will do as it could easily turn into a disaster, but they look stronger in a weaker division than last year, so could push to improve on last year’s 8th place finish.
Portsmouth: Finally played themselves out of League Two and were even surprise champions after a big swing in results in the title run-in. Manager Paul Cook has departed and been replaced by Kenny Jackett, who has previously done well at this level. Pompey have seen big changes behind the scenes with a takeover and will be looking to push-on again to climb further back up the leagues. They have only made a few signings so far, with Brett Pitman looking like sound business given his goal-scoring record and experience, and though they could make further signings before the season starts they don’t look strong enough to challenge for promotion yet.
Southend United: Just missed out on the play-offs last season, finishing in seventh position, but have made steady progress under Phil Brown and will looking to go one step further this season. They haven’t made any major changes to the squad, though Michael Kightly could be a very good signing, and with Simon Cox top-scoring last season with 16, it might be the case that they are a prolific striker short of pushing on. Saying that, they did share the goals around last season in netting 70 over the season, but they just look to lack a little in the squad to make a play-off position secure.
Mid Table to Bottom Half:
AFC Wimbledon: A good debut season in League One, they tailed off towards the end of season but the vast majority of supporters would have taken the season they had last summer. They will now be looking to build on that and secure a stable position in the division ahead of the return to a stadium in Wimbledon. Transfer business looks sound this summer with solid signings for this level, like Liam Trotter and Cody McDonald, should keep them safe. Top-ten at a push.
Northampton Town: Finished 16th last season, struggling for long periods and only moving out of trouble late on. Justin Edinburgh came in as manager part way through the season, and having done a decent job at Gillingham looked a solid appointment. Thirteen players have come in during the close season and eight departed so far, so it wouldn’t be a surprise if they made a slow start to the season. They should be safe this season but will struggle to push higher than mid-table.
Peterborough United: Mid-table mediocrity last season seems about right for a club like Peterborough, who have occasionally punched above their weight. Using a model much used by The Posh of plucking unpolished gems from lower leagues, they have signed two strikers who scored plenty in the non-league, in Danny Lloyd (Stockport County) and Ricky Miller (Dover Athletic). If things click, the unproven strikers can start scoring and they can push on from last year, they could reach the play-offs but otherwise look like a safe mid-table bet.
Plymouth Argyle: Promoted quite comfortably last season under Derek Adams who has done a good job since coming in as manager two seasons ago. Plymouth look to be a club of potential given their location, stadium and positive talk of the Chairman, so will be looking to establish themselves at this level. They’ve brought in eight players during pre-season so far, with all looking solid if unspectacular, and though they could push for top-six if continuing their progress, a safe mid-table finish that can be built upon looks a more likely option.
Rotherham: Relegated from the Championship and looking doomed from a long-way out, The Millers will surely be looking for a bit of stability this season with outside hopes of challenging the play-offs. Thirteen players have departed since last season and seven come in, but that doesn’t necessarily have to be a negative with the squad not looking to be particularly worse off now. They look like they will lack goals to push for promotion but could push the top ten if relegation hasn’t scarred them.
Scunthorpe United: Pushed for automatic promotion for a long-way last season and were a little unlucky to miss out having finished third. The league does look a little weaker this season, so repeating last season wouldn’t be impossible, but they did overachieve so might have to set their sights a little lower. The squad doesn’t look any stronger than last year, so a slight fall back in performance might be a more realistic expectation.
Walsall: A perhaps disappointing season in 16/17 given their push for promotion the previous season, however, that was a massive overachievement and they were always going to struggle to back that up. There doesn’t look to have been major changes to the squad, with the departure of Goalkeeper Neil Etheridge to Cardiff and Mark Gillespie coming in as replacement from Carlisle perhaps the biggest change. Goals seemed to be a problem last year, with their total of 51 looking low and leading to 16 games drawn. If they can convert some of those draws into wins they can easily push for the top-half, but they’ll need the likes of Simeon Jackson to be more prolific in the season ahead.
In a Relegation Fight:
Blackpool: Most will have sympathy for the fans given the fall from grace over recent years but little for the club given the ownership. Gary Bowyer has done a brilliant job to get them promoted but it’s hard to see them continuing upwards given the way they are run. They’ll struggle unless they can miraculously find some of the missing premier league riches.
Bury: struggled last season but managed to battle out of relegation after Lee Clark took over. A position out of the bottom four will be the aim, hopefully without the late season worry attached. The loss of James Vaughan and the goals he brought could be a concern, but they have signed Jermaine Beckford and Nicky Ajose so shouldn’t lack goals and could have money to spend from that sale if they need to get out of trouble.
Gillingham: Struggled last season and the sacking of Justin Edinburgh looked a little rash given the good job he’d done up to that point. Ady Pennock has been given the job on a full-time basis with Peter Taylor in as Director of Football, but the new set-up doesn’t look like it will be much help with The Gills looking like solid relegation candidates. The squad looks considerably weaker this year and with a novice manager they’ll do well to finish better than bottom six.
Oldham Athletic: Another side who struggled for large parts of last season, they pulled clear of trouble after the return of club hero John Sheridan as manager. He picked up 9 wins in 22 games, which for a side of The Latics’ size is pretty impressive but hard to imagine them repeating over the course of a whole season. They will be better prepared for this season and have a solid manager in charge, however, as a club of their size a struggle is always likely to be on the cards.
Rochdale: Keith Hill has done a tremendous job at Rochdale and had them higher than could reasonably be expected for long parts of last season. Given the size of the club, just staying in the division will be an achievement any season, however, they have lost players in the close season and could struggle to repeat the form of last season. Hill could work heroics again but a bottom half finish might be more realistic.
Shrewsbury Town: Only just avoided relegation last season after Paul Hurst replaced Mickey Mellon as manager, but an 18th place finish can be taken as a positive having been bottom when he first came in. They have made quite a few changes to the squad during pre-season, with nine leaving and eleven coming in, with the loan market used to bring in a number of younger players from bigger clubs. They will be in the bottom half again but the hope will be that with a stronger start and more goals in the squad, they can make life a little easier for themselves.
As we’ve said, the league doesn’t look quite as strong as last season with the relegated sides from The Championship looking a level below the likes of Sheffield United and Bolton, but that’s not to say a team can’t step-up. Blackburn are the current bookies favourites and it’s not hard to see why given their size, stature and history, but I don’t believe that the odds reflect their actual chances and currently it looks a bad bet. Rovers have been in a downward spiral for some time and the squad looks weak at the moment, so it will be tough for them to suddenly start winning games in a division where they will be a big scalp. The 4/1 on offer in places is not a bet I will be making.
A more likely option to win the title would be WIGAN ATHLETIC. Last season was a big disappointment, there is no getting away from that, but poor decisions were made throughout the season and it can be argued that they did not prepare properly for the step-up to The Championship. However, they have retained most of the squad, brought in a very promising manager and have a strike force who could make hay in this division if getting the right service, so the 8/1 looks like good value.
I could easily see the likes of Doncaster or Portsmouth pushing on again following promotion but would be better bets for the play-offs, and Bradford must be taken seriously after so many near misses. Whilst at the other end of the table, Gillingham look in serious danger having a weakened squad and novice manager, Blackpool will struggle if continuing to cut corners and the usual suspects of Oldham and Shrewsbury are likely to struggle.
Wigan Athletic to Win League One @ 8/1 (Bet365)
Gillingham to be Relegated @ 7/4 (Boylesports)
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All items regardles if they are text or images, have the following common properties.
Choose Item > Resize to change dimensions of the item. Size of the item includes item background but doesn't include borders.
Line outside the item.
Choose Item > Border to change outline of the item
Interior of the item.
Choose Item > Background to change the background of the item
Space between the outline and the content of the item. Choose Item > Padding to change item padding (space between all 4 sides of the item, or padding specific to one of the edges). The image below has 4 pixel padding, white background and 1 pixel gray border.
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