Synthetic Textbook
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LLM Unlearning Without an Expert Curated Dataset
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<s> Preferential inhibition of the activity of a stimulatory protein of eukaryotic transcription by platinum (II) complexes.
The effect of platinum(II) complexes on RNA polymerase II was studied. (D-Glucuronato)(1R,2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II) nitrate (II-GHP) preferentially inhibited RNA synthesis in the presence of S-II, an essential component of eukaryotic transcription. When DNA was pretreated with I-GHP, its template activity decreased significantly, especially when assayed in the presence of S-II. The target of platinum(II) complexes is probably DNA. When DNA is modified, regulatory proteins of transcription, such as S-II, seem to lose their function preferentially on such a template, resulting in the inhibition of RNA synthesis.
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hpatch\_gle\_perf\]). (BN: Batch Norm)[]{data-label="tab:meta_params"}
Nets Denoise Threshold $F^l$ simple-desc
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VGG (5,5) (5,4) pool2 pool4
Alexnet (5,5) (5,4) pool1 pool2
Xception (9,9) (5,4) block2-conv1 block4-pool
SuperPoint (7,2) (17,6) conv1a VGG-pool3
LF-Net (5,5) (5,4) block2-conv VGG-pool3
: Robustness to light on Webcam (Fig. \[fig:hpatch\_gle\_perf\]).[]{data-label="tab:meta_params"}
Nets Denoise Threshold $F^l$ simple-desc
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72 Male Anterior mandible Follicular thyroid Ca First manifestation Resection None NA
Bonder *et al*., 2006\[[@ref3]\] 65 Male Right mandible Hurtle cell thyroid Ca NA Supportive Widespread DOD (2 months)
Liu *et al*., 2007\[[@ref26]\] 66 Male Masticator space, mandible Papillary thyroid Ca (follicular variant) 22 years Radical Resection, radioactive iodine therapy Scapula NED (3 years)
Kaveri *et al*., 2007\[[@ref14]\] 65 Male Left mandible Follicular thyroid Ca First manifestation NA Ribs NA
Tamiolakis *et al*., 2007\[[
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CD4+ effector T cells, similar to its relatively limited effect on Treg motility. Given that the natural Treg lineage consists of self-reactive T cells ([@B165]), this raises an interesting possibility that the role of CTLA-4 in regulation of synapse stability and cellular motility of CD4+ T cells depends on their TCR specificity.
Importantly, the different effects of CTLA-4 blockade on effector T cells and Tregs have also been observed in a recent study using 2 photon microscopy to examine the behavior of the two CD4+ T cell populations in intact lymph nodes ([@B13]). CTLA-4 blockade increased Treg motility but decreased effector T cell motility in the presence of antigen, consistent with the proposed role of CTLA-4 in reversal of TCR-induced motility stop in effector, but not regulatory, T cell populations. Anti-CTLA-4 antibody administration increased effector T cell contact time with DCs presenting antigen, but reduced Treg contacts with DCs, strongly suggesting that CTLA-4 has opposing effects on effector and Treg IS
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To get further hints on the Fe deficiency phenotype we performed a transcriptome comparison between *3xbhlh* and wild type seedlings ([Fig. S2](#pone.0099234.s002){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). This analysis was conducted under --Fe conditions since we expected most of the differential gene expression to occur at --Fe as deduced from the *3xbhlh* leaf chlorosis phenotype at --Fe. SA was included as a treatment to search for changes in gene expression in response to SA. 6-day old seedlings were grown on --Fe, transferred for 6 h to + or −100 µM SA containing --Fe medium and harvested. Microarray analysis was performed using the Agilent V4 gene chip (26.283 Arabidopsis genes). In parallel, we used the same RNA samples to perform real time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to assess the technical quality of the method and the biological quality of the samples in this experiment ([Fig. S2](#pone.0099234.s002){ref-
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been reported in numerous reports, the cytotoxic role of autophagy remains debatable because of insufficient data on autophagic cell death markers \[[@B29-ijms-20-05315]\]. In the present study, we demonstrated that aloperine can modulate the autophagy machinery and induce autophagosome as well as autophagic flux in human thyroid cancer cells. Blocking of autophagy with 3-MA or enhancing of autophagy with rapamycin in the aloperine-treated cells could reduce or enhance aloperine-mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, we suggested that aloperine-mediated autophagy exerts a cytotoxic role in human thyroid cancer cells.
Autophagy activation by natural products has been considered a double-edged sword in determining the cell fate of human cancers, and the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis has recently been highlighted \[[@B30-ijms-20-05315]\]. Several proteins and signaling pathways, including the p53, Bcl-2, DAPK,
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2 level. (C) Heart NAD^+^ levels. (D) Relative heart *PGC-1α* mRNA expression level. (E) Heart diastolic diameter. (F) Heart systolic diameter. (G) Fractional shortening. (H) Arrhythmia index. (I) Heart TG levels. Results are expressed as the fold difference compared with *dSir2-*control flies. (J) Relative heart *dFAS* gene expression level. (K) Relative heart *dnaJ-H* mRNA expression level. (L) Illustrating qualitative differences in heart function parameters (6 s): fractional shortening and arrhythmia index; L1: *dSir2*-control; L2: *dSir2*-OE-ND; L3: *dSir2*-OE-ND+E; L4: *dSir2*-OE-HFD; L5: *dSir2*-OE-HFD+E. Independent sample *t*-test was used to identify differences between *dSir2*-control flies and *dSir2*-OE flies. A two-
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derived tissue is inserted through the skin, the underlying muscle tissue, and through the blood vessel wall. Ribbon or sheet 12 includes a cuff 14 and an extended length 15. The cuff 14 is usually situated and secured directly above a hole 13 in the sheath 11, in which the extended length 15 is inserted. The outer diameter of the cuff 14 is greater than the outer diameter of the sheath 11. As is also shown in FIG. 1A, pull-up tether 16 is woven through the extended length 15 and pull down tether 18 is woven into the cuff 14 and both tethers are exposed externally. The introducer 10 is inserted until the greater diameter of the cuff 14 prevents further insertion of the introducer 10. The cuff 14 is then released so that it is free to move relative to the sheath 11. The sheath 11, is advanced as the cuff remains in position and the extended length is withdrawn from the interior of the sheath 11 through the hole
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0.3919 **−2.25** 0.9605 −1.10 0.4895 −1.55 0.7273
*SLC25A3* −1.20 0.3646 1.02 0.7269 1.03 0.4790 1.01 0.1843
*SLC25A30* −1.36 0.9004 1.12 0.9875 1.08 0.9820 1.10 0.9916
*SLC25A31* −1.12 0.8581 1.28 0.9795 **2.47** 0.9464 −1.06 0.4897
*SLC25A37* 1.9
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Codon usage bias is calculated over all positions in all sequences in the codon alignment.
\(A\) Henikoff position-based sequence weights are calculated for each sequence based on the codon alignment. (B) Glutamic acid is encoded by two codons, therefore, the observed proportion for GAA is 0.625 and for GAG 0.375. (C) Henikoff position-based sequence weights are used to compensate for the over-representation of well-sequenced taxa in the multiple sequence alignment. The proportion for GAA and GAG are based on sequence weights.
######
Click here for additional data file.
10.7717/peerj.6176/supp-3
###### Predicted nucleotide proportions are adjusted based on sequence weights.
\(A\) Example dataset consists of 7 sequences. Five sequences are very similar; therefore, they have a low weight. Two sequences out of seven are different, therefore, having a high weight. (B) Glutamic acid is encoded by only two codons: GAA and GAG. Only the third
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doses of glucocorticoids combined with early hydrotubations seems to be a worthwhile method.
Musich and Behrman in an article entitled "Infertility Laparoscopy In Perspective: Review of 500 Cases" appearing in The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology for Jun. 1, 1982, pages 293-303, at page 300 in the discussion section of the article disclose that there is a need to prevent adhesions subsequent to surgery in view of a study of 35 patients which indicated that 30 of these patients having previous tuboplasties had severe adhesions, one-third of which were judged to be inoperable.
High molecular weight dextran either alone or in combination with dextrose has been used in the prevention of peritoneal adhesions subsequent to surgery. Dextran is clinically standardized to a low molecular weight of about 75,000 by partial hydrolysis and fractional precipitation of the high molecular weight particles which normally have molecular weights of up to 200,000
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ATP4B: ATPase, H+/K+ exchanging, beta polypeptide; ATP5A1: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle; ATP5B: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide; ATP5C1: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, gamma polypeptide 1; ATP5F1: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit B1; ATP5G1: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1; ATP5G2: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C2; ATP5G3: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C3; ATP5H: ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitoch
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N/T ratios) at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were 61.3 ± 3.9, 61.9 ± 4.4, 62.6 ± 4.6, 62.9 ± 4.3 and 62.9 ± 4.0%, respectively. The N/T ratio showed a tendency to increase; however, they did not differ significantly among the years.](pone.0210975.g002){#pone.0210975.g002}
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
Hence, the Fe-regulated and non-Fe-regulated genes of groups I to III play functions in regulating adaptive stress processes suggesting that these functions are central for the bHLH proteins.
Validation of Differential Gene Expression in Groups I to III by Reverse Transcription-qPCR {#s3e}
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To verify the regulatory expression patterns identified in the microarray experiments, we verified some of the gene expression results by reverse transcription-qPCR studies, especially by studying the Fe-regulated genes. Reverse transcription-qPCR was performed on the same biological samples as used for the microarray ([Fig. S2](#pone.0099234.s002){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). We also used the samples derived from plants grown at +Fe that we had raised in parallel. Three biological replicates have been analyzed. Due to the
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PHERA Star Microplate Reader (BMG Labtech, Ortenberg, Germany) at the excitation and emission wavelengths of 520 and 570 nm, respectively.
3.4. Measurements of Superoxide
-------------------------------
Intracellular ROS (superoxide anion) production was measured using dihydroethidine (DHE) fluorescent probe (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). Briefly, prior to the termination of each experiment, cells (2 × 10^6^/mL) were incubated with DHE (2.5 μM) for 30 min at 37 °C. The cells were washed, resuspended in PBS and fluorescent intensity was read using a Fluoromax-4 spectrofluorometer (HORIBA Jobin Yvon Inc., Edison, NJ, USA) at the excitation and emission wavelengths of 480 and 590 nm, respectively. Data were presented as relative fluorescence intensity (RFI).
3
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s no way you can get the result of a coin toss with less than one question.
A:
In your setting, the Shannon entropy is "just" a lower bound for an entropy of any decision tree (including optimal ones). These don't have to coincide. To get closer to what the Shannon entropy is, imagine an optimal decision tree identifying outcomes of throwing a dice $N$ times with some large $N$ (assuming independence). The larger $N$ is, the smaller (yet nonnegative) is the difference between the "averaged" (i.e. divided by $N$) entropy of this "compound" decision tree and the Shannon entropy of the dice. (It resembles a background of arithmetic coding).
A:
There is nothing wrong with what you did. In the book "Elements on Information Theory", there is a proof that the average number of questions needed lies between $H(X)$ and $H(X)+1$, which agrees with what you did. So, in terms of "questions", the entropy gives you an accuracy within $1$ question. The following argument is from "Elements on Information Theory":
Proof that $H
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their suffix, or you can use the -suffix command-line switch when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can
use the suffix command in your input script.
See Section 5 of the manual for
more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.
The fix_modifyenergy option is supported by this
fix to add the gravitational potential energy of the system to the
system’s potential energy as part of thermodynamic output.
The fix_modifyrespa option is supported by this
fix. This allows to set at which level of the r-RESPA
integrator the fix is adding its forces. Default is the outermost level.
This fix computes a global scalar which can be accessed by various
output commands. This scalar is the
gravitational potential energy of the particles in the defined field,
namely mass * (g dot x) for each particles, where x and mass are the
particles position and mass, and g is the gravitational field. The
scalar value calculated by this fix is “extensive”.
No parameter of this fix can be used with the start/stop keywords of
the run command. This fix
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To further characterize metabolic changes in neonatal cardiac cells, we measured mitochondrial content by quantifying markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and mass in heart tissue samples. Citrate synthase activity (Fig. [3A](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}), VDAC and COX IV levels (Fig. [3B and C](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}, respectively) were equal between P1 and P7 heart tissue. Similarly, mitochondrial DNA normalized by genomic DNA is equal in P1 and P7 ventricles (Fig. [3D and E](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}) and cultured cells (Supp. Figure [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}). Overall, these results highlight the limitations of using gene expression patterns to evaluate functional oxidative status in the developing heart. They further demonstrate that the postnatal period involves dampening of anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative catabolic activity, which do not involve changes in mitochondrial content.Figure 2High oxygen consumption and glycolyt
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atballs actively involve kids with the meat they eat, so that future generations will more readily accept protein grown in labs.
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As the planet’s population speeds towards 9 billion, it’s becomes impossible to continue consuming meat like we do today. Will we all be eating rice and beans? Grasshoppers perhaps? Scientists hope to keep us eating vertebrate protein with in vitro meat. Grown in bioreactors from animal cells, in vitro meat could be a sustainable and humane alternative to raising a whole animal from birth to slaughter. The first lab-grown hamburger is expected within the next few months.
But why should lab-grown meat look like the meat we consume today? Growing protein in bioreactors could lead to entirely new forms of meat with radically different aesthetics, materials and eating rituals. While these new products might seem unfamiliar and artificial, much of the meat we already consume is divorced from the animal’s natural form: Ground beef, smoked sausages, and chicken nuggets.
A selection of these future in-vitro meat scenarios is currently shown at the
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<s> Introduction {#s0005}
============
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant cancer with an unknown etiology and an unfavorable prognosis. The morbidity and mortality of CCA have increased year by year worldwide [@bb0005]. Because of limited diagnostic methodologies, the majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and are not eligible for surgery, and many of these patients are further chemo-resistant to conventional chemotherapy [@bb0010]. Therefore, for the past three decades, the 5-year survival rates of CCA has remained only 10% [@bb0010]. Consequently, it is essential to find novel curative targets and therapeutic strategies for CCA.
To meet the high demand for rapid proliferation under different stressed conditions, cancer cells reprogram their metabolisms [@bb0015]. Known as the Warburg effect, this metabolic reprograming is marked by a conversion from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis [@bb0020], [@bb0025].
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after *S*. *aureus* infection, survivors were euthanized, both kidneys were homogenized and CFU enumerated. Each symbol represents one mouse. Mean ± SEM of each group is shown. \*\**p* \< 0.01 by unpaired Student *t* test, one-tailed. Number of survivors with CFU ND in kidneys/total number of survivors and corresponding percentages are reported above the graph.](pone.0147767.g001){#pone.0147767.g001}
In the peritonitis model, which can be used to study the spread of bacteria into the bloodstream \[[@pone.0147767.ref009]\], mice were challenged i.p. (5x10^8^ CFU) with a lethal dose of *S*. *aureus* and their survival was monitored for 30 days. One month after infection, 75% of mice immunized with 4C-Staph/T7-alum survived *S*. *
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clearly points out. This suggests that a careful measurement of the reference shape (for example carried out by means of an autocorrelation technique) can be used to retrieve the real intensity profile by means of a deconvolution procedure. We point out, however, that any deconvolution unavoidably introduces an extra spurious noise which could degrade the final quality of the mapping [@deconvolution]).
Conclusions
===========
We have shown that the 3D intensity maps of optical WPs with a complex space-time structure can be retrived by an optical gating technique. The method allows the reconstruction of the WP in its comoving reference frame and, by exploiting the holographic properties of a slightly non-collinear degenerate, sum-frequency process, we have shown that a complete amplitude and phase reconstruction is actually obtained. The maps are obtained by suitably imaging the second harmonic radiation obtained by cross-correlating an object pulse with a much shorter plane wave-packet delayed in time. The holographic properties of the generated radiation have been carefully tested experimentally, and the distorsions of the intensity maps introduced by the non-collinear geometry have been discussed
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@CR4]) which showed that most thyroid cancer cell lines are either resistant to a large number of TKIs or else are effective only at high IC~50~ which are not pharmacologically relevant. A prior in vitro and in vivo study of sorafenib (Salvatore et al. [@CR21]) showing that it was effective against a panel of BRAF V600E thyroid cancer cell lines is now known to have been confounded by the fact that most of the tested cell lines were not thyroid in origin (Schweppe et al. [@CR23]) and that sorafenib is not a potent BRAF inhibitor.
The sensitivity of BHP2-7 (RET/PTC rearrangement) to pazopanib as well as the sensitivity of BHP2-7 and the KRAS mutant Cal62 cell line to dasatinib within the pharmacological range merits further study. The lack of efficacy of sorafenib against SW1736 (BRAF mutant) that we observed is now known to be due to the fact that sorafenib
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utilizing dry gases. U.S. Pat. No. 4,464,927 "Apparatus for Measuring Gas Transmission Through Films," Aug. 14, 1984, describes another simple measuring device utilizing multiple permeation cells.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,389 "System for Controlled Humidity Tests," Aug. 1, 1989, discloses a gas permeability measuring device capable of operating under different conditions of relative humidity in the gas. This last patent illustrates the complexity of equipment which has been necessary in order to accurately accomplish permeability measurements under conditions of controlled humidity and temperature.
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Nxe2x80x2,Nxe2x80x2-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate or tetrafluoroborate (HBTU or TBTU), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), or else 1-(3-trimethylammoniopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide iodide, supported or otherwise. This coupling is carried out in a suitable solvent, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran or any other ether, at a temperature below the boiling point of a solvent, and under a dry and/or inert atmosphere. The procedure is also carried out in the presence of a non-nucleophilic amine-containing base, for example ethyldiisopropylamine, triethylamine or else triisopropylamine. If the nature of the lipid part and of the spacer is compatible,
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<s> Introduction
============
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy globally, and its mortality rate ranked fourth in 2015 ([@b1-ol-0-0-7419],[@b2-ol-0-0-7419]). In total, \~60% of patients with HCC are diagnosed with unresectable HCC, which represents an incurable disease ([@b3-ol-0-0-7419],[@b4-ol-0-0-7419]). Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) guidelines recommend patients with intermediate-stage HCC to receive trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) as a standard treatment. Two randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated the benefits of TACE treatment for patients with HCC ([@b5-ol-0-0-7419],[@b6-ol-0-0-7419]). According to BCLC guidelines, patients with HCC who present an asymptomatic HCC, lack of portal vein thrombosis or extra-hepatic spread
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popular in recent years. Targeted methods such as parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) have emerged in recent years in efforts to improve sensitive, accurate, and reproducible peptide quantitation. Though PRM is limited by the number of peptides that can be quantified in a given assay, it enables multiplexing, which can result in quantitation of multiple peptides in a single run for a more high-throughput analysis. Recently, Wan et al. \[[@B145-proteomes-06-00051]\] used PRM to quantify phosphorylation of PINK1 substrates in human and mouse cortical neurons. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) is not as sensitive as PRM, however, it has a much greater assay capacity. For instance, DIA analysis of fractionated mouse hippocampal neurons resulted in identification of 4558 proteins among all fractions \[[@B146-proteomes-06-00051]\]. A similar method to DIA was recently reported termed "BoxCar" which enabled identification of more
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cytosolic fractions 24 h after rotenone incubation. The results showed that a caspase-dependent pathway was not activated since cytochrome *c* was not released into the cytosol and caspase-9 was not activated. These results further strengthened the conclusion that rotenone activates an AIF-mediated cell death pathway. AIF could be leaked out from mitochondria through the MPTP or a Bax-mediated channel on the mitochondrial membrane. Our results showed a significant depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in rotenone-incubated cells, suggesting AIF is probably released through the MPTP.
In this study, we have observed rotenone increases both production of ROS and nuclear translocation of AIF and decreases mitochondrial membrane potential in HT22 cells. Such phenomenon has also been observed in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation \[[@B23-ijms-15-13388]\] and in MRC-5 fibroblasts overloaded with calcium \[[@B2
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found in the homologous sites of rymovirus polyproteins, the last is. When the HC-Pro gene of mite-transmitted wheat streak mosaic tritimovirus (WSMV) was replaced by that of aphid-transmitted turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV), it was no longer transmitted by its mite vector \[[@B42-viruses-12-00132]\], but there is no report of similar experiments with rymoviruses or potyviruses.
Gibbs and Ohshima \[[@B43-viruses-12-00132]\] suggested that the divergence giving rise to the proto-potyvirus and proto-rymovirus is likely to have occurred in an infected Eurasian monocot. This conclusion was based on the fact that the primary hosts (i.e., the host from which they were first isolated) of all three rymoviruses are all Eurasian monocots; *Agropyron* (Eurasian; <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agropyron> (
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its own sufficient to cause tissue invagination on a time-scale compatible with endogenous invagination processes.Fig. 5Sustained RhoGEF2 optogenetic activation is sufficient to drive a complete invagination. **a**--**i** Confocal images of three individual embryos co-expressing CIBN::pmGFP, RhoGEF2-CRY2, and Hist2A::mRFP as nuclear marker. Within a rectangular on the dorsal epithelium, two-photon illumination was restricted to three consecutive z-stacks (1 µm spacing) centered at 4 µm from the apical-most plane, and excited for \~152 ms during each acquisition round. Sustained photo-activation was alternated with mCherry excitation at intervals of \~13 s. As the epithelium folded inwards, continuous two-photo-activation was achieved by manually adjusting the ROI such that illumination was restricted to the initial group of photo-activated cells. In addition, the focal plane
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animal health in pursuit of maximum profit. We must examine agricultural practice, monitor what goes into our food more exactly and give our consumers the information they require to give them confidence in the wholesomeness of what they are buying and eating.
The Environment Committee - certainly its Socialist members - are making tough demands upon the Commission in terms of the information required, the need for the labelling scheme to be compulsory and cover beef products as well as beef and the need for rapid progress to be made in implementing the measures. The Socialist Group feels that we have a duty to promote public health and consumer protection in Europe. Our farmers and the beef industry can only benefit in the long term by the re-establishment of well-grounded consumer confidence.
Schierhuber
Commissioner, ladies and gentlemen, the BSE issue, it is true, has permeated the recent work of the European Parliament. The report by the Committee of Inquiry tried to reconstruct and interpret the past, and I am sure that it will have repercussions. But now, I believe, we must set about charting our course for the future. We must see the present crisis as an opportunity to make improvements. Foremost among these
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be evaluated during the search, and (ii) at the end of the execution if the user requests the addition of locally predictive features.
To sum up, every iteration in Algorithm \[alg:cFS\] expands the current best subset and obtains a group of subsets for evaluation. This evaluation requires a merit, and the merit for each subset is obtained according to Figure \[fig:horizontalPartResume\], which illustrates the most important steps in the horizontal partitioning scheme using a case where correlations between features f2 and f1 and between f2 and f3 are calculated in order to evaluate a subset.
![Horizontal partitioning steps for a small dataset D to obtain the correlations needed to evaluate a features subset[]{data-label="fig:horizontalPartResume"}](fig01.eps){width="100.00000%"}
Vertical Partitioning {#subsec:vecticalPart}
---------------------
Vertical partitioning has already been proposed in Spark by Ramírez-Gallego et al. [@Ramirez-Gallego2017], using another important FS filter, mRMR
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the ventricles in 3 mL of pre-warmed digestion buffer containing collagenase II (Worthington Chemicals) and pancreatin (Sigma-Aldrich) in a shaking incubator set at 37 °C for 15 minutes. After this, we transferred the digested material to 15 mL tubes for inactivation with media containing two mL Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and M199 (4:1) containing 10% Donor Horse Serum, 5% Newborn Calf Serum, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen, Life Technologies). We centriguged the supernatant collected from each digest at 220 × g for 5 minutes, and the cell pellet was resuspended in fresh medium and maintained at 37 °C. We repeated six times the incubation and centrifugation steps and resuspended the final cell pellet from all digests in a 100-
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to various HRV endpoints by cosinor [@bib0110] to assess their time structure and to determine how the latter may have been modified in space. The model includes the usually prominent circadian rhythm (24-hour period) and its first two harmonic terms with periods of 12 (circasemidian) and 8 (circaoctohoran) hours, as well as the BRAC (with a period of about 90-min). Using a (least squares) regression approach, the cosinor does not require the data to be equidistant, and can thus handle missing values in cases when artifacts prevented the computation of HRV endpoints in some of the 5-min or 180-min intervals. Analyses considered primarily the Midline Estimating Statistic Of Rhythm (MESOR, a rhythm-adjusted mean) and the amplitude of each of the 4 components, as a measure of the extent of predictable change within each cycle. The 4-component model was fitted to 24-hour records of NN intervals, total power (TF), and power in the ULF (separately
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against hypoxic metabolism58714Enolase*Lupinus luteus*gi 6996529Carbohydrate and energy metabolism, stress responses117215Leghemoglobin reductase-like*Glycine max*gi 356565179Metabolism, provide oxygen104216Extensin peroxidase*Lupinus albus*gi 27448342Development, stress responses21617Heat shock cognate protein 80-like*Glycine max*gi 356552478Stress responses, defence265218Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase*Lupinus albus*gi 62816190Carbohydrate and energy metabolism88219Lipoxygenase*Pisum sativum*gi 2459611Metabolism, stress responses, defence, signal transduction7
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<s> One in five Americans work alternative and rotating shifts, including night shifts. That means one in five Americans — medical professionals, security guards, police officers, cleaning staff — know firsthand how hard the night shift is. It takes a toll on your sleep patterns, your social life, and oftentimes your eating habits.
Having a schedule that differs from the general 9–5 workday makes it hard to eat well, get enough nutrition, and maintain your weight. Night shift workers gain more weight than those who work during the day, due in part to the disruption of the body’s normal circadian rhythm. Scientists believe disturbing that regular rhythm (by working all night when your body would like to sleep) predisposes your body to gain more weight than it would on a regular daytime schedule.
This means if you work night shifts, it’s even more important to ensure you eat a healthy diet. Creating a meal plan helps a lot — that can be easier said than done, though. If you struggle with keeping a planned diet, you’re not alone; and you can do something about it. Below, we explain why it’s hard to stick to a meal plan when you
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So these results are not surprising or in violation of any known physics. Furthermore, the quantum coherence observed in the photosynthesis experiment lasted only on the order of 10–13 second. This is, as with Tegmark's calculations, far too short to produce quantum effects in the brain.
A quantum brain is not required by either theory or experiment. Now, this does not mean that quantum mechanics cannot play any role in the brain. Ultimately, everything is quantum mechanical. The brain is made up of the same subatomic particles as a rock, and they all obey the rules of quantum mechanics. There simply is nothing special about the quantum mechanics of the brain that is any different from that of a rock.
However, quantum effects can still involve brain processes by another route. The brain is bathed in electrically charged particles from cosmic rays (muons) that reach Earth and beta-rays (electrons) from the radioactive potassium isotope K40 in our blood. These are energetic enough to break atomic and molecular bonds, unlike the radio waves from power lines and cell phones that people worry so much about. And they are ultimately quantum mechanical.
Al
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. The cost-effectiveness of the new delivery model also remained sustained for all the parameters tested (positive INB even using WTP 2)---Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type="table"}.Table 3Deterministic one-way sensitivity analysis of cost estimates to key assumptionsParameter testedControl/intervention districtsCost (US\$)ACER~LLIN~% ACER~LLIN~ deviationICER~LLIN~% ICER~LLIN~ deviationINB~LLIN~Free warehouseControl167,909.810.76− 4.43Intervention224,253.540.74− 2.500.68− 0.1853,262.46Transport cost (+ 50%)Control210,293.880.9619.70Intervention274,691.630.9119.420.7814.0945,208.45Transport cost (− 50%)Control139
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gene (trait) without genetic linkage map (Poulsen *et al*., [1995](#pbi13175-bib-0032){ref-type="ref"}; Salunkhe *et al*., [2011](#pbi13175-bib-0034){ref-type="ref"}; Yuan *et al*., [2013](#pbi13175-bib-0046){ref-type="ref"}). Recently, a series of NGS‐based BSA approaches were developed, including MutMup, MutMup+, BSR‐seq and QTL‐seq (Abe *et al*., [2012](#pbi13175-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"}; Fekih *et al*., [2013](#pbi13175-bib-0017){ref-type="ref"}; Steuernagel *et al*., [2016](#
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a military government with an educational system that promoted rote memorization over practical, hands-on scientific experience, Phyo was eager to study in the United States, where laboratory work is part of the curriculum. After her first year in college, her academic advisor, Professor Jay Baltisberger, invited her to join a summer research program at the Ohio State University (OSU) in the Grandinetti Lab, where he was taking his sabbatical year.
The summer study of silicate glass introduced her to a tool for seeing and analyzing the hidden structures that make up the materials of everyday life. NMR measures nuclear magnetic interactions in a material to gain understanding of its molecular structure, information that could be important in producing new medicines, predicting drug interactions, or developing new materials and substances, like biofuels.
“I got a lot of experience at OSU seeing how my colleagues would troubleshoot and fix NMR probes and solve issues with the experiments, how they designed experiments to answer specific questions, and how they analyzed and interpreted the results.”
After a week in the program she had learned enough to oversee the project alone while her advisor and colleagues attended a conference. The program became her summer home
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(BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Quantitative RT--PCR was performed using SYBR Green Dye (Life Technologies) and SsoAdvanced Universal SYBR green mix (BioRad) on a Thermal iCycler (BioRad). The PCR reactions were performed in triplicate, and the relative amounts of cDNA were calculated using the ΔΔCT method.
Protein lysate and western blot analysis
----------------------------------------
Protein lysate and western blot was performed as described.^[@bib60]^
Migration assay
---------------
Wound-healing assay using Ibidi culture inserts (Thistle Scientific Ltd, UK) according to manufacture instructions. Images were acquired along the cell-free zone between time 0 and 24 h every 2 h. Cell migration was assessed using ImageJ software by measuring the area covered by the cells. Cell-free gap encroachment was determined by comparing the results at any time point to time 0.
Invasion assay
--------------
The cell
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TWB participants (*p* = 1.17 × 10^−63^) and CAD population (*p* = 0.002). Significant correlations were also observed between CRP levels and hematocrit, leukocyte counts, and serum creatinine and chemerin levels. By analyzing the associations with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, plasma levels of chemerin were significantly higher in women, current smokers, those with hypertension, and those with DM ([Supplementary Table S4](#app1-ijms-20-01174){ref-type="app"}). Plasma CRP levels were significantly higher in current smokers and those with DM.
2.4. Circulating Chemerin Levels, RARRES2 Genotypes, and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with CAD {#sec2dot4-ijms-20-01174}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the CAD population, the follow-up time was 1022 ± 320 days (minimal
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the allele frequency difference as well using read counts. If *P*‐value \< 1e−5 and AFD \> 0.5, the SNP was regarded as candidates linked to the trait.
STS markers development and candidate SNP validation {#pbi13175-sec-0019}
----------------------------------------------------
To develop the markers for the validation of QTL‐seq results and narrow the candidate region, the sequences containing 1500 bp upstream and 1500 bp downstream of SNPs were downloaded from PeanutBase (<https://peanutbase.org>). Due to the high similarity of A and B subgenomes, it is difficult to design the primers for only amplifying the A or B allele. Thus, the 3001 bp sequences were used to blast with the genome sequences of cultivated species Tifrunner, donor ancestor species *A. duranensis* (A genome) and *A. ipaensis* (B genome). According to the alignment results, we designed the specific primers only for
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ardees must
commit at least 50% of their time (at least 20 hours per week based on a 40
hour week) for two years to the research. For further information, please see: http://www.lrp.nih.gov/.
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size (500 mL), large dominant tumor volume (100 cm^3^), and high post-intervention creatine kinase level (170 U/L) \[[@CR11]\]. Among previous reports, the largest fibroid was approximately 4000 cm^3^ \[[@CR7]--[@CR10]\], while the uterus in the present case was 9964 cm^3^; therefore, it was not possible to generalize the previous findings to the present case. In our case, fibroid volume was the most important risk factor for serious complications.
It has been reported that surgical intervention should be performed within 48 hours after preoperative UAE \[[@CR12]--[@CR15]\]. Therefore, for the prevention of serious complications, such as those in the present case, we suggest that surgical intervention should be performed immediately after preoperative UAE.
Conclusions {#Sec4}
===========
We reported the occurrence of serious complications, including hyperkalemia and acute kidney failure, after preoperative UAE for a large uterine fib
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0
N3···N4 2.830 (2) H10···C4^vi^ 2.9400
N4···N3 2.830 (2) H12···C2 2.7900
N2···H10 2.6600 H12···H2 2.3800
N2···H20B^v^ 2.9000 H12···O1^ii^ 2.4400
N3···H18B^v^ 2.8600 H12···C7^vii^ 3.1000
C5···C16 3.178 (2) H12···H7^vii^ 2.5800
C6···C11 3.154 (3) H13···H2
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crest markers were used to define the proximal and distal ends of the trunk and the cluster of four markers on the upper thorax were used to track trunk movements. The iliac crest and greater trochanter markers defined the proximal and distal ends of the pelvis and these markers together with the PSIS markers were used to track the pelvis. A 4^th^ order Butterworth filter ([@b31-jhk-42-113]) with cut off frequency of 5 Hz was applied to markers tracking trunk motion during the trunk flexibility tests to remove higher frequency noise within the data. A 5 Hz cut off was chosen as this retained 95% of the signal power. For standing and seated posture absolute position of the markers on the left and right acromion processes and iliac crests in the vertical direction were extracted. For trunk lateral bending and rotation, the range of motion of the trunk relative to the pelvis was extracted using an XYZ Cardan sequence, where X was flexion-extension, Y was lateral bending and Z was rotation. The sign convention was based on the right handed rule
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a radial direction and flow upwardly toward a peripheral overflow launder. The solids suspended in the slurry or pulp settle downwardly through the slow-moving liquid and accumulate on the bottom of the unit. These solids are compacted as they accumulate and are slowly moved toward a bottom sludge discharge opening by means of slowly rotating rakes suspended a short distance above the bottom. The rakes aid in compacting the sludge and reduce its liquid content.
During the normal operation of a thickener, decanter, clarifier or similar continuous gravity settling device of the type referred to above, a series of relatively well-defined, vertically-spaced zones exist within the settler. The uppermost of these zones comprises a layer of clear liquid from which most of the solids have settled out. Below this is an intermediate layer containing suspended solid particles which is generally referred to as the settling zone. The interface between the clear solution and the settling zone may be referred to as the upper boundary or slime level. At the bottom of the unit is a layer of settled sludge. Such a system is a dynamic one characterized by the movement of liquid and solid particles between the above zones.
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[@B143-proteomes-06-00051]\] *Aplysia californica* neurons 1 neuron N/A \>300 metabolites
(CE-µESI-MS)
\[[@B127-proteomes-06-00051]\] *Aplysia californica* neurons 25 B1 and B2 buccal neurons N/A \>300 metabolites
\[[@B130-proteomes-06-00051]\]
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al ES; 5-year OS 70% and 67% respectively, p = 0.96. Patients with extraskeletal ES had inferior 5-year LRFS compared to skeletal ES; 74% vs. 83%; p = 0.042. Local recurrence occurred at a higher frequency in the extraskeletal group; 28% vs. 11%, p = 0.034, although more extraskeletal patients received adjuvant radiotherapy; 73% vs. 36%, p = 0.01. Among patients who underwent surgery (n = 76), there was no difference in R0 resection rate (skeletal: 89%, extraskeletal: 86%, p = 0.52, or good ( ≥ 90%) tumor necrosis; skeletal: 54%, extraskeletal: 38%, p = 0.31. Patients with localized extraskeletal ES have comparable OS outcomes to patients with skeletal ES utilizing
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07-42777-g003){#F3}
Interestingly, immunoprecipitation of breast cancer cell extracts by OPG antibody revealed a major band at a molecular mass of 110 kDa (unpublished results). Mass spectrometry analysis revealed it to be the protein nucleolin (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) (unpublished results). Nucleolin is a multifunctional shuttling protein present in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and on the surface of some types of cells. Nucleolin is a major constituent of nucleoli in exponentially growing cells and functions in the organization of nucleolar chromatin, packaging of pre-rRNA, rDNA transcription, and ribosome assembly by shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm \[[@R57]--[@R59]\]. Expression of nucleolin on the cell surface has been reported in HeLa cells \[[@R60]\], lymphoblastoid T cells \[[@R60]\], breast carcinoma cells \[[@R61], [@R6
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(nPKC) isoform PKC-θ (summarized in Table [3](#T3){ref-type="table"}). The PKC family consists of 10 serine/threonine kinase isoforms, with important roles in regulation of multiple cellular processes in different cell types. All nPKC isoforms (PKC-θ, PKC-δ, PKC-ϵ, and PKC-η) require diacylglycerol (DAG), but not Ca^2+^, for activation, and are expressed in T cells and play multiple roles in regulation of T cell signaling and effector functions ([@B126]). Central localization of PKC-θ is one of the hallmarks of the mature effector T cell IS. A seminal study by Monks at al. identified PKC-θ as the only PKC isoform recruited to effector T cell IS ([@B127]). However, more recent studies show that PKC-η and PKC-ϵ are also recruited ([@B128]--[@B130]), with some evidence that their recruitment precedes that of
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link between miRNAs with low target gene expression and known, highly expressed, tissue-specific miRNAs such as miR-1 in heart or miR-122a in liver. However, there is evidence from the miRNA expression data of Liang *et al*. \[[@B34]\] that those miRNAs with low predicted target gene expression are more highly expressed (Additional data file 10). This suggests that functional interactions are occurring between miRNAs and 5\' UTRs *in vivo*.
Conclusion
==========
It is perhaps surprising that given the wide range of regulatory mechanisms acting on gene expression, we are able to detect the effect of miRNAs on their diverse collection of target genes. The effectiveness of three analytical approaches, including the use of absolute expression values that might be unevenly skewed by single extreme values, illustrates the extent of the effect and the correlation between independent datasets is remarkable. These findings provide further evidence that miRNAs play an important role in regulating mRNA expression and can affect the mRNA levels of multiple genes. Although the effects on mRNA expression profiles are highlighted following artificial manipulation
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highly recommended Food Culture: Eating by Design exhibition at the Design Huis in Eindhoven (NL). As you might not happen to be in the neighborhood, we will also publish them online over the next few weeks. The projects were coached by Menno Stoffelsen, Koert van Mensvoort, Cor van der Weele, Daisy van der Schaft and Ronald van Tienhoven. Illustration by K. Cheng.
Do you want to know more about the future of meat? We are writing a speculative cookbook of in-vitro meat dishes, join us on www.bistro-invitro.com.
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Unsure whether this tank escaped from an 8-bit videogame or the general that ordered the pixelated camouflage pattern didn’t quite quite understand what digital warfare is all about. Anyhow, it is our peculiar image of the week.
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Design by planning vs design by doing. Desire paths are unplanned paths grown by the erosion of its use. They emerge as shortcuts where constructed pathways take a circuitous route. Perhaps one day
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and 115 and the phenylalanine (residue 465 in DENV2 NS5) in the tip of the RdRP ring finger are essential for maintaining the canonical folding of the ring and pinky fingers, and the folding of the motif G region in the pinky finger is likely dependent on the dynamics of the adjacent ring finger. It is also worth noting that, in addition to ring and pinky fingers, the index finger is also partially disordered in most of the RdRP-only flavivirus NS5 structures \[[@ppat.1008484.ref005],[@ppat.1008484.ref006]\]. These observations together suggest that MTase interaction likely contributes to the folding of RdRP fingers domain, which in turn could affect polymerase properties including RNA binding and subsequent catalytic events.
![A comprehensive comparison of the intra-molecular MTase-RdRP interface shown as stereo-pair images.\
A) A comparison between the JEV (top) and the first form of DENV2 (bottom) structures. B) A comparison between
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effect of population movement on the spread of COVID-19 ([@R27], [@R28]). Our analysis relies on spatially disaggregated data in a longer period, and the instrumental variable approach we use imposes fewer restrictions on the relationship between the unobserved determinants of new cases and the number of cases in the past. Using exogenous temperature, wind speed and precipitation in the preceding third and fourth weeks as the instruments, we find that in the January 19 - February 1 subsample, one new infection leads to 1.465 more cases within one week and the effect on the second week is not definitive. While this causal estimate is slightly lower than the above epidemiologic studies, the rolling window analysis shows that the infection rate increases first in late January, then stabilizes and drops. Our paper also adds to the epidemiologic studies on effective ways of containing COVID-19. Using a stochastic transmission model that is parameterized to the COVID-19 outbreak, [@R8] find that highly effective contact tracing and case isolation is enough to control a new outbreak of COVID-19 within three months in most scenarios. Our empirical estimation
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high" glucose medium reached 690 mg/L compared to 390 mg/L for a cell line derived from a control host cell line. These results represent to our knowledge the first example in the literature in which manipulation of the apoptosis pathway has altered the nutrient consumption profile of mammalian cells in culture; findings that underscore the interdependence of the apoptotic cellular machinery and metabolism and provide greater flexibility to mammalian bioreactor process development.
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C13---C12---H12 120.00
O1---C1---C2 125.55 (17) C12---C13---H13 120.00
N1---C1---C2 113.92 (15) C14---C13---H13 120.00
C1---C2---C3 122.23 (16) C13---C14---H14 120.00
C2---C3---C4 116.98 (15) C15---C14---H14 120.00
C2---C3---C11 119.65 (15) C14---C15---H15 120.00
C4---C3---C11 123.27 (14) C16---C15---H15 12
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majority patients studied is slightly increased in vivo in comparison to the in vitro transduced lymphocyte populations. Transient increases in CD4 counts were seen in all patients following one or more cell infusions and persisted from 4 to 28 weeks.
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supervision improved. An animal and plant disease unit is being set up in Dublin, individual marking of cattle is being improved, and databases are being established. Marking of the origin of beef is being rendered more precise, and meat imports are to be monitored more effectively.
The question is, does the European Union repose too much confidence in monitoring and administration? For example, the cattle marking system amounts to an enormous population book-keeping exercise; it relates to millions of individuals, which, moreover, are replaced rapidly. It is intended to enter in centralized files, inter alia, particulars of a cow's mother, sex, all pastures where it has spent any time, and date of slaughter. Is it realistic to assume that Europe's cattle can be individually monitored by means of centralized databases, or are we just creating an enormous bureaucracy? On the other hand, is the focus of the monitoring right? BSE was able to spread because farmers trusted their own countries' veterinary authorities and their morals, and because they trusted feed producers, while using legal and approved feed. Is it not here that more resources are needed? Making it possible to trace beef is purely a retros
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, together with unchanged serum TSH, point to additional, negative regulation of thyrotrophs.
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. Even if rapid overgrowth is assumed, starting after the time of interruption of insulin at 30 weeks of gestation, fetal weight gain appears to be about 400g per week, suggesting a weight increase at twice the normal rate. This case prompted us to keep in mind that rigid glycemic control will prevent the development of fetal macrosomia in diabetic pregnant women.
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has been shown to mediate some aspects of thermotolerance; however, additional experiments demonstrated that a lack of jasmonate was not a major factor in the death of triple-mutant plants at high temperature. The results indicate that long-term thermotolerance requires a basal level of trienoic fatty acids. Thus, the success of genetic and molecular approaches to increase thermotolerance by reducing membrane unsaturation will be limited by countervailing effects that compromise essential plant functions at elevated temperatures.
The photosynthetic process depends on a highly organized complex of proteins and pigment molecules that are embedded in a unique lipid bilayer, the thylakoid. In all photosynthetic eukaryotes, the glycerolipid molecules that form the foundation of this membrane contain a very high level of trienoic fatty acids. Typically, more than two-thirds of the fatty acids present in the thylakoid membrane are 18:3 (α-linolenic acid) or a combination of 18:3 and 16:3 (Roughanic acid). The two major gly
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pbi13175-bib-0038){ref-type="ref"}; Takagi *et al*., [2013](#pbi13175-bib-0039){ref-type="ref"}). QTL‐seq is a whole‐genome resequencing (WGRS)‐based approach, which firstly to resequence two bulked DNA of progenies (each with 20--50 individuals) showing extreme phenotypic values and then identifying the candidate region or genes by counting and comparing the index SNPs between two bulks (Takagi *et al*., [2013](#pbi13175-bib-0039){ref-type="ref"}). It is remarkable that QTL‐seq has been successfully used in peanut in mapping QTLs of rust resistance, late leaf spot resistance, and genomic regions and candidate genes controlling shelling percentage (Clevenger *et al*., [2018](#pbi13175-bib-0013){ref-type="ref"};
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, there are several possible reasons for the discrepancy in protein identifications found in brain tissue versus single-cell datasets. One is the lack of organism- and tissue-specific standardization to determine the threshold of cellular material necessary for adequate proteomic analysis. As displayed in [Table A1](#proteomes-06-00051-t0A1){ref-type="table"}, the number of proteins identified in each of the listed techniques varies drastically between studies. Moreover, many of the results listed are lacking experimental information that is necessary for reproduction. For instance, several reports provide the number of cells and/or tissue quantity isolated but do not include the amount of protein extracted from this material or injected onto the mass spectrometer. This calls attention to the benefit of better standardization methods for cell-type-specific proteomics, in order to improve overall reproducibility and quality of datasets. Furthermore, method development for cell-type-specific proteomics in neuroscience needs to continue with increased focus placed on factors such as improving the efficiencies of cell isolation methods and reducing protein loss during sample preparation.
Recent efforts have also been made to improve these issues in the context of
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.e. to the nonlinearity of the system. The decay is much stronger at lower powers ($\delta\approx0$), corresponding to the linear Zeno effect, and much weaker for the input intensities above the critical value ($\delta=2$), and may be termed the [*nonlinear*]{} Zeno effect. In all the cases the output beam is concentrated in the fiber/waveguide without losses \[Fig. \[FG1\]a\] and the output power is still sufficiently high above 70% of the imput power. We also notice that, while we have chosen relatively large $g$ the phenomenon is also observable (although less pronounced) for lower levels of the light absorption.
In practice, however, Figs \[FG1\] (a) and (b) will not correspond to a real experiment with an optical coupler, because in the standard settings its length, i.e. $Z$, is fixed. Instead, as we mentioned above, observation of the Zeno effects, can be achieved by varying wavelength of the light. From the panel (b) one concludes that the best observation of the phenomenon can be achieved at some intermediate lengths of the coupler,
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described a similar scale project in maize, looking at 100 lines for 50 million segregating variable regions. Buckler said early analysis of the domesticated maize genome compared with that of its wild relative teosinte showed that about 500 to 600 genes were the targets of domestication. Surprisingly, there appear to be an equal number of genes targeted between tropical and temperate maize varieties - underscoring the importance of local adaptation. Buckler said the costs of genotyping are declining rapidly, with current costs at about \$9 a sample, which presents both an opportunity and a massive data problem. He envisioned that 30,000 samples will soon be genotyped at 200 million variable positions, with a looming \'12 trillion data point\' storage and access challenge. Nonetheless, like Nordborg, Buckler foresees the pending genotype-to-phenotype resources as a game-changing development for genetics. In the case of maize, such a dense set of markers and phenotype associations should provide predictive power to cut down on one of the biggest bottlenecks
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bial properties, chitosan has been applied as a fruit preservative (Benhabiles et al. [@CR7], [@CR8]). Moreover, chitin and its derivatives show cytotoxic action towards THP-1 (human monocytic leukaemia cell line), Hep2 (human larynx carcinoma cell line) and Rd cells (human embryo rhabdomyosarcoma cell line) (Salah et al. [@CR57]; Bouhenna et al. [@CR9]). Decrease in molecular mass of chitin decreases its affinity towards chitosan (Dziril et al. [@CR19]) and enhances its anticancer activity (Salah et al. [@CR57]). It has been shown that synthesis of chitinases is also induced under abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, the presence of heavy metals (Kasprzewska [@CR38]) and osmotic stress (Grover [@CR28]). Kadouche et al. ([@CR36]) have demonstrated that
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with delayed remineralization and weakening as result \[[@REF14]\].
We present a patient with prostate cancer metastatic to bone, who developed atraumatic AVN of the left femoral head approximately 16 months after receiving single fraction palliative-intent RT to this region. Although MRI with gadolinium contrast is considered the imaging procedure of choice, our patient declined further investigations. On balance, the diagnosis was felt to be in keeping with a predominantly AVN picture, rather than one of progressive bone metastases although we cannot absolutely exclude some contribution from the latter (Table [2](#TAB2){ref-type="table"}). Data in Table [2](#TAB2){ref-type="table"} is adapted from \[[@REF15]\].
Table 2Differentiating metastases versus avascular necrosis.Adapted from \[[@REF15]\]. MetastasisRadiation-Induced AVNAssociated soft tissue massPossiblyNoType of lesionLytic or sclerotic in otherwise normal bone with a transition zone appreciable between normal and ab
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8$ SPFs for each component. We perform again an imaginary time-propagation of an initially chosen wave-function and obtain the ground state of . In Fig. \[fig:MLX\_few\_body.eps\] we show the resulting ground state phases based on the selection rules for $N_B=5$ and a) $N_I=1$ or b) $N_I=2$. We remark that the alternative selection scheme defined in does not apply here and below we provide an explanation why it fails. The first eye-catching feature is that the $SB$ phase has completely disappeared, as expected, since it is an artifact of the mean-field treatment. Additionally, we observe the presence of composite fermionization $CF$ for the case of two impurities in Fig. \[fig:MLX\_few\_body.eps\] b). Overall, the transition between the miscible phase and separated phases takes places at a different coupling strength $g_{_{MI}}^c$ for a fixed trap ratio $\eta$.
{width="0.75\linewidth"}
In order to better understand why the
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to a method of transferring nucleic acids into cells comprising the following steps:
(1) bringing the nucleic acid into contact with a transfecting compound according to the present invention, to form a complex, and
(2) bringing the cells into contact with the complex formed in (1).
The invention relates, in addition, to a method of treating the human or animal body comprising the following steps:
(1) bringing the nucleic acid into contact with a transfecting compound according to the present invention, to form a complex, and
(2) bringing the cells of the human or animal body into contact with the complex formed in (1).
The cells may be brought into contact with the complex by incubating the cells with said complex (for uses in vitro or ex vivo), or by injecting the complex into an organism (for uses in vivo). In general, the quantity of nucleic acid intended to be administered depends on numerous factors such as for example the disease to be treated or to be prevented, the actual nature of the nucleic acid, the strength of the promoter, the biological activity of the product expressed by the nucleic acid, the physical condition of the individual
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2){ref-type="table"} also summarized the amino acid changes in frequently mutated genes. We identified 19 patients (21.3%) with two or more unique and concomitant somatic mutations.
10.1371/journal.pone.0111693.t002
###### Frequency of mutations and amino acid changes in 89 gastric carcinomas.
{#pone-0111693-t002-2}
Gene N[\*](#nt101){ref-type="table-fn"} \% Amino acid change (N, %)
----------- ------------------------------------ ------ ---------------------------------------------------------
*TP53* 24 27.0 R248Q (N = 3, 3.3%)^§^
R248W (N = 1, 1.1%)
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.227°C (PN-NH) to +0.848°C (L-NY) for mean TMax ([Fig. 2](#pone-0070260-g002){ref-type="fig"}) and from −1.924°C (CR-NJ) to +1.073°C (M-PA) for mean TMin ([Fig. 3](#pone-0070260-g003){ref-type="fig"}). Averaged annually, PRISM predicted lower mean temperatures at 38 of 51 stations for mean TMax and 33 of 51 stations for mean TMin.
2. Prediction Error -- Temperature Trends {#s3b}
-----------------------------------------
The NRCC product consistently predicted lower magnitude (cooler) trends than observed across the US Northeast (1980--2009) and the PRISM product mostly predicted higher magnitude (warmer) trends ([Table 4](#pone-0070260
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et al., 2004). The current study investigated the time course of changes in leaf fatty acid composition for plants transferred from 22°C to 33°C. High-temperature acclimation caused substantial decreases in the proportions of both 16:3 and 18:3 fatty acids in wild-type leaves, and corresponding increases in the amount of the less unsaturated 16:0 and 18:2 fatty acids (Fig. 4A). Wild-type plants contained only 5% 16:3 fatty acids after 13 days at 33°C. The changes observed are somewhat greater than those recorded for plants transferred to 29°C for 10 days (Falcone et al., 2004). Leaves of fad3 fad7 fad8 plants exhibited a heat-induced increase in the amount of 16:0 and a corresponding decrease in 16:2 fatty acids. However, there was almost no change in the extent of unsaturation of 18-carbon fatty acids in the mutant (Fig.
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<s> Stroke, defined as an abnormality in brain function resulting from disruption of cerebral circulation, is one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. Even when a stroke does not result in death, the costs it imposes on the victim may include serious physical and emotional damage, which may result in loss of productivity. These costs stem from the tremendous damage done to the victim's brain by the stroke. With a reduction in oxygen and glucose, cells display a rapid disruption of protein synthesis, depletion of intracellular energy stores, destabilization of the cell membrane, and activation of the NMDA receptor, leading to excitotoxic and oxidative cell damage in the brain. In an attempt to survive and repair the oxidative damage and return the cell to homeostasis, numerous compensatory energy-consuming processes are activated. However, over-activation of these pathways can deleterious, further depleting cellular energy, and resulting in further brain damage. Such brain damage is, generally, irreversible. Accordingly, a method of protecting brain tissue from damage during a stroke (neuroprotection) would be tremendously important.
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an alteration of the structural organization of the tissue \[[@B13]\]. Therefore, to strengthen our MRI and histological data, we finally sought to decipher whether the above described age-dependent tissue changes may correlate with alteration in the NP cell phenotype. To address this issue, we focused our attention on the expression levels of molecules that were previously shown to be modulated during the onset of IVD degeneration or osteoarthritis (COL1A1, COL2A1, AGC1, BMP2, MMP13, MGP and P21) \[[@B14],[@B16],[@B28]\]. Since it remains difficult to quantitatively evaluate the level of the corresponding proteins, particularly in the rabbit, we embarked on the analysis of the corresponding transcript levels by real-time RT-PCR. Our data describing an age-dependent increase in COL1A1 expression with a concomitant decrease in COL2A1 and AGC1 expression suggest that NP cells experience a process of dedifferentiation. Interestingly, this dedifferenciation process has been well described in cultured articular chondro
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avoid underestimation of indicator bacteria numbers in water. There was no difference in resuscitation efficiency using the membrane filter and multi-well MPN methods. This study emphasises the need to use a resuscitation method if the numbers of indicator bacteria in water samples are not to be underestimated. False-negative results in the analysis of drinking water or natural bathing waters could have profound health effects.
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is is a rare complication after UAE, and it necessitates hysterectomy and treatment with antibiotics to prevent bacteremia, sepsis, and death \[[@CR2], [@CR6]\]. In our case, we believe that the uterine fibroids became necrotic following UAE and the necrotic tissue caused hyperkalemia and acute kidney failure. Some reports have mentioned that patients with a septic uterus required urgent surgery 7 or more days after the initial procedure \[[@CR2], [@CR6]\]. However, in our case, necrotic tissue caused serious complications and necessitated surgical intervention within 48 hours. In addition, our patient needed a blood transfusion in spite of the small intraoperative blood loss; we think a blood transfusion was needed because after UAE the necrotic uterine fibroids lost blood.
Previous reports found that the size of the uterine fibroid was not associated with complications after UAE \[[@CR7]--[@CR10]\]. In one report, complications were found to be associated with a large uterus
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There is one limitation of our study which should be addressed in future bibliometric studies on tribology or on other research topics. Since the nanotribology papers included in this study were attributes by Elsevier to several different subject areas in Scopus, field-normalized impact scores should actually be used to study research impact. The use of these scores is the standard in evaluative bibliometrics [@pone.0081094-Bornmann1], in which for example different universities are compared based on papers attributed to different subject areas in a data base. We abstained from using normalized citation scores in this study because we used the bibliometric methods in a non-evaluative context of only a single research topic.
We are grateful to Dr. Sriram Sundararajan, Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Education at Iowa State University, USA for recommendations on improving the manuscript. His research programme builds upon a fundamental framework in tribology (among other things). We would like to thank the academic editor and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable and fruitful comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. We used no current external funding sources for this study.
[^1
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A) of unweighed UniFrac distances was calculated and compared between all fecal samples collected pre and post-exercise from the three rat lineages in order to observe similarity in microbiota composition and the effect of exercise training (Figure [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}). All three biological replicates from each animal lineage (Wistar, Hypertensive and Obese rats) were shown to cluster with a high correlation between them (R = 0.79, P \< 0.001). UniFrac (PCoA) analysis showed that Wistar and Hypertensive rats share a similar bacterial composition, thus clustering far from Obese rats, indicating a distinct bacterial community composition between these rat lineages (Figure [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}). It also indicated that microbiota from Wistar, Hypertensive and Obese rats were significantly altered by exercise training, where pre-exercise samples clustered significantly far from fecal samples collected after four weeks of exercise training (Figure [4](#Fig
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. Whenever we encounter block-diagonal matrices where it is possible to assign each block to either the subsystem or the environment, we will denote the diagonal blocks as $\mathbf{A}_\mathcal{S}$ and $\mathbf{A}_\mathcal{E}$, $$\begin{aligned}
\mathbf{A} = \begin{pmatrix}
\mathbf{A}_\mathcal{S} & \mathbf{0}\\
\mathbf{0} & \mathbf{A}_\mathcal{E}
\end{pmatrix}.\end{aligned}$$ It should be noted that whilst we pursue an atom-wise partitioning in most of this work, it is possible to have any kind of partition of the basis set $B$ – even basis functions centered on the same atom can be partitioned into both $B_\mathcal{S}$ and $B_\mathcal{E}$ if deemed useful (consider, for example, core-valence separations). If the ordering of the basis functions differs from the specification above, it will be trivial to construct permutation matrices which will produce a block structure according to this partitioning scheme.
Orthogonalization of the overlap matrix {#sec:FBD_orth}
----------------
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<s> [Treatment of bronchopulmonary infections in patients during artificial respiration with imipenem/cilastatin].
In an open prospective study the efficacy and tolerance of imipenem/cilastatin was investigated in 24 critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation with nosocomial respiratory tract infection. Nine patients had previously received antibiotic therapy which had failed. Imipenem was given in a dose of 1-3g/24 h over 5-37 (mean 11) days. Seven patients were additionally treated with aminoglycosides, one patient with erythromycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Hemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli were the most frequently isolated pathogens from tracheobronchial secretions. 91% of the infections without and 77% with involvement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were successfully treated. All of the gram-positive and 85% of the gram-negative pathogens (Pseudomonas not included) were
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ical analysis was performed by ANOVA using the values of biological replicates. Information on oligonucleotide primer sequences is available in [Table S1](#pone.0099234.s005){ref-type="supplementary-material"}.
Gene Expression using Microarray Analysis {#s2e}
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Wild type and *3xbhlh* seedlings were grown in the 6-day growth system at --Fe, treated for six hours with 100 µM SA or were mock-treated and harvested for RNA preparation. Three biological replicates were generated. RNA was purified using the Qiagen kit and checked for integrity. Microarray hybridization was performed using the Agilent one-color gene expression V4 chip (4×44 k) for *Arabidopsis thaliana*. Microarray chip hybridization and processing were done by ATLAS Biolabs GmbH, Berlin, Germany. The obtained data were further processed, checked for quality and filtered using the GeneSpring Software, Agilent Technologies, USA, according to the GeneSpring protocol. Full
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, and fuel the human body.
Proteins are translated from transcribed copies of DNA called messenger RNA. Messenger RNA is made when DNA partially unwinds, allowing the sequence of the DNA to be copied and transcribed by cellular machinery. Messenger RNA is made of similar components as DNA, with the substitution of uracil for thymine and the substitution of ribose for deoxyribose in all nucleotides. Once the transcription of a messenger RNA is completed, it is transported from the nucleus to the cytosol. There, the mRNA is engaged by the enzymes that are the protein-manufacturing machinery of the cell. The enzymes and other associated molecules making up this machinery bind to the mRNA and begin to interpret the code of the messenger RNA. As they do so, they also assemble and bind the amino acids encoded into chains to produce the protein coded for by the original DNA.
Illnesses and disease states such as some cancers have been linked to the over-, under-, or mis-production of specific proteins. In some of these cases, a defect present in the gene causes
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ided paired-t and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures were applied on these relative values for the space vs. Earth difference and for comparing the 3 records in space, respectively.
Estimates of the MESOR and of the relative amplitude of each of the 4 anticipated components (with periods of 24, 12, 8, and 1.5 hours, expressed as a percentage of MESOR) of the selected HRV endpoints were considered as imputations for a comparison of HRV endpoints obtained during ISS03 versus before-flight. The statistical significance of change between the two sessions was determined using the 2-tailed paired t test. Inter-group differences were determined using the two-tailed Student t-test. P-values less than 0.05, adjusted for multiple testing according to Bonferroni\'s inequality, were considered to indicate statistical significance. The Stat Flex (Ver. 6) software (Artec Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was used.
3. Results {#sec0045}
==========
3.1. Change in time
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<s> Exercising pulmonary blood flow in mitral stenosis with anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
Exercising pulmonary blood flow was estimated from indicator-dilution curves in a patient with the infrequent combination of rheumatic mitral stenosis and anomalous pulmonary venous connection from the left lung. During supine exercise against progressively increasing external workloads, the proportion of flow to each lung remained nearly constant. The pulmonary vascular resistance was highest in the left lung, which emptied into the low-pressure systemic vein. Although right and left atrial pressures differed markedly during supine exercise, the proportion of pulmonary blood flow shunted to the systemic venous sytem remained essentially unchanged.
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of tissue above the nodule. This shows that the probe is more significantly affected by the amount of material above the nodule (the nodule depth) than the amount of material under the nodule.
From the FE model, the kinesthetic force measured by the F/T sensor can also be simulated. [Fig 8](#pone.0237379.g008){ref-type="fig"} shows an example of the evolution of the force during the sweeps for the same stiffness. It can be seen that due to the dynamics of the contact and the nonlinear behavior of the tissue, some oscillations appear in the simulated force signals. These oscillations are due to a stick-and-slip behavior coming from the friction between the probe and the phantom. These oscillations are more or less filtered by the mechanical impedance of the probe in which the stiffness plays an essential role. These oscillations can be observed on force signals measured during the experiments (see [Fig 10](#pone.0237379.g010){ref-type="fig"}). Furthermore, one can notice that the amplitude of these oscillations
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; P{GD11580}v23201*) line was obtained from the Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center. Male *hand-Gal4* flies were crossed to female UAS-*dSir2*-OE flies and UAS-*dSir2*-KD flies.
To avoid the influence of genetic background differences on the results, maternal origin was used as the genetic control. The female '*w^1118^;P{EP}Sirt1^EP2300^DnaJ-H^EP2300^/CyO*' and '*hand-Gal4\>w^1118^;P{EP}Sirt1^EP2300^DnaJ-H^EP2300^/CyO*' were represented as '*dSir2*-control' and '*dSir2*-OE'. The female '*w^1118^; P{GD11580} v23201*' and '*hand-Gal4\>w^1118^; P
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ipidus. Water deprivation test with vasopressin challenge test resulted in no urine osmolarity increase and no urine volume decrease. Moreover, the AVP level at admission was extremely high (114 pg/mL; reference range; 0.0--4.2 pg/mL). Based on these findings, we diagnosed the patient with congenital NDI. His urine volume decreased, his weight increased, and head control was achieved after initiation of hydrochlorothiazide.
Assessment of the patient's family history revealed that his mother had polydipsia and polyuria from infancy until the present day ([Fig. 1A](#fig_001){ref-type="fig"}Fig. 1.A: Family tree of our patient (arrow). Black square and black circle indicate family members with polydipsia and polyuria, respectively. Arrow indicates our patient. B: Results of mutation analysis. Our patient showed hemizygous duplication of four base pairs (c.990_993 dup CAGC; single bold line indicates CAGC). His older brother did not show this
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system that processed a blend of outdoor supply air and recirculated inside air were also collected; these samples are referred to as "HVAC filter dust" in this study. As described in the results section, the HVAC filter dust represents an aggregate sample of particles collected over the filter operation period of 6 months (August 2008 to February 2009). Representative portions of the filter material from the top, bottom, left, and right side of the used unit were removed and filter dust collected for subsequent processing and analysis. HVAC filters have previously been used as a sampling mechanism for indoor bioaerosols [@pone.0034867-Viau1].
PM~10~ and PM~2.5~ mass analysis {#s4b}
--------------------------------
To determine particulate matter mass concentrations, filters were weighed before and after sampling. Weighing was performed using a precision balance (Mettler Toledo type XP6, Columbus, OH, USA). Static electricity was removed with a polonium α-particle source (Staticmaster static eliminator, NRD, Grand Island, NY,
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R domain and C-terminally tagged with mCherry fluorescent protein.
w\[\*\]; If/CyO; P\[w+, UASp\>RhoGEF2-CRY2\]/TM3, Ser (this study). UAS-Gal4-driven expression of the catalytic DHPH domain of RhoGEF2 fused upstream of CRY2 PHR domain.
P\[w+, sqhp\>Gap43::mCherry\]/Fm7; Sb/TM6 Tb (this study). Gap43 membrane marker fused to mCherry fluorescent protein in which expression is driven only by the Spaghetti-squash promoter.
w\[\*\]; P\[w+, UASp\>CIBN::pmGFP\]/Cyo; Sb/TM3, Ser. Membrane-anchored CIBN additionally fused to EGFP.
w\[\*\]; If/CyO; P\[w+, his2Av::mRFP1\]/TM3, Ser.
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<s> The effect of bile salts on the formation and hydrolysis of cholesterol esters by rat liver enzymes.
To determine the effects of different bile salts on the enzymic esterification of cholesterol and the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters rat liver homogenates and rat liver microsomes were incubated with varying amounts of different bile salts. Bile salts inhibited the formation of radioactive cholesterol esters in incubations of either rat liver homogenates or rat liver microsomes containing [14C]cholesterol. Chenodeoxycholate, glycochenodeoxycholate and taurochenodeoxycholate were more potent inhibitors than their comparable cholate analogues. Bile salts stimulated the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters when incubation were carried out with the liver homogenates. The dihydroxy bile salts were again more potent in this regard than the trihydroxylated bile salts. When the effects of bile salts on cholesterol ester hydrolysis were studied in in
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exclusion of the PA and normal flow to the arteries of his ipsilateral lower extremity.
{#F2}
The postprocedural course went well. The patient received subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin, urokinase and prophylactic cefminox. Furthermore, he was
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selecting random feature subsets and evaluating them in parallel using a classifier. In their experiments they used a support vector machine (SVM) classifier and, in comparing their results with those for a traditional wrapper approach, found lower accuracies but also much shorter computation times.
- Wang et al. [@Wang2016] used the Spark computing model to implement an FS strategy for classifying network traffic. They first implemented an initial FS using the Fisher score filter [@duda2012pattern] and then performed, using a wrapper approach, a distributed forward search over the best $m$ features selected. Since the Fisher filter was used, however, only numerical features could be handled.
- Silva et al. [@Silva2017] addressed the FS scaling problem using an asynchronous search approach, given that synchronous search, as commonly performed, can lead to efficiency losses due to the inactivity of some processors waiting for other processors to end their tasks. In their tests, they first obtained an initial reduction using a mutual information (MI) [@Peng2005] filter and then evaluated subsets using a random forest (RF)
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BHLH101* [@pone.0099234-Wang1], [@pone.0099234-Heim1]--[@pone.0099234-ToledoOrtiz1]. All these four subgroup Ib(2) *BHLH* genes are highly induced by low Fe supply in roots and leaves while they are not usually found expressed under sufficient Fe supply [@pone.0099234-Wang1]. Expression of *BHLH39* and *BHLH101* in response to iron can be followed using the public microarray data in Arabidopsis [@pone.0099234-Bauer1]--[@pone.0099234-Yang1] and it was found that they occur in a co-expression network along with several Fe homeostasis genes like *FERRIC REDUCTASE OXIDASE3* (*FRO3*), *NATURAL RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN4* (*NRAMP4*)
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, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 min) and activation of the MAPK (ERK, P38, and JNK), AKT and NF-κB cell signaling pathways were analyzed by western blot. All the experiments were performed three times.
All cells were treated with RPS3 (0.1, 1 μg/mL), GFP (5 μg/mL) or LPS (100 ng/mL). (A) The expression levels of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD83, and CD86) and CCR7 in human THP-1 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. (B) The levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-β) secreted from human THP-1 cells were measured by ELISA. (C) The expression of co-stimulatory molecules (HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86)
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<s> A comparison of postoperative sore throat after use of laryngeal mask airway and tracheal tube.
We compared the degree of postoperative sore throat (PST) after use of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA; by two insertion techniques) and a tracheal tube (TT) in adult patients. Eighty-six adult patients undergoing surgery of an extremity were randomized into three groups. The LMAs (size 4 for men, 3 for women) and TTs were lubricated with 2% lidocaine gel. After the induction of anesthesia, an LMA with the cuff deflated was inserted and then the cuff was inflated in group A, an LMA with the cuff inflated was inserted in group B, and the trachea was intubated using vecuronium in group C; staff anesthesiologists performed all these methods. LMA cuffs were inflated with the maximum recommended volume of air. TT cuffs were inflated with the minimum volume of air without gas leakage at 20 cm H(2)O pressure. The mode of ventilation
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]. The minor differences in species and conditions in this study compared to earlier studies, could be due to different data collection methods. Results in this study are based on which species and conditions or complaints veterinary clinicians nominated as seeing commonly in practice. This could result in conditions recently encountered or those that are difficult to deal with being reported rather than what is actually seen commonly. However, the previous studies highlight similar results, suggesting that clinicians are likely to be acutely aware of the caseload they see, and therefore, are well placed to highlight areas for further research that would be of benefit to the profession.
Classification of common conditions with regards to disease versus clinical sign appeared to be species and body system dependent. It is unclear why this is the case, and requires further investigation; it is possible this could be partially explained by the variability in how different types of client present their animals (eg, pet owner versus farmer). Species and body systems with high percentages of conditions in the 'unclassifiable' category could represent a number of things. It could be a reflection of the complexities of certain conditions, for example, respiratory disease complex in cattle, or could be an indication of a lack of evidence behind certain conditions in certain
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090\]. However, there were significantly fewer males in the mental simulation group (10 males) than in the control (15 males), implementation intention (20 males), and mental simulation plus implementation intention groups \[18 males; χ^2^(3, *N* = 108) = 8.37, *p* = 0.039, $\eta_{p}^{2}$ = 0.278\]. These data provided good indication that there were no variations across samples from the two locations due to randomisation, and given the identical study design, we pooled data from both locations.
######
Sample characteristics in Study 2 (*n* = 184).
Control group (*n* = 43) Implementation intention group (*n* = 48) Mental simulation group (*n* = 47) Mental simulation and implementation intention group (*n* = 46)
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**Age (years)**
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in Data Studio
Dataset Card for Filter-Bio
Synthetic forget set for LLM Unlearning Without an Expert Curated Dataset. Please see details in our Github repo.
Note. Filter-Bio is modified from pile-bio.
Citation
If you find this useful in your research, please consider citing our paper:
@misc{zhu2025llmunlearningexpertcurated,
title={LLM Unlearning Without an Expert Curated Dataset},
author={Xiaoyuan Zhu and Muru Zhang and Ollie Liu and Robin Jia and Willie Neiswanger},
year={2025},
eprint={2508.06595},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06595},
}
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