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# 1922 in the Belgian Congo
The following lists events that happened during 1922 in the Belgian Congo.
## Incumbent
- Governor-general – Maurice Lippens
## Events
### General
| Date | Event |
| ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| | Alphonse Engels is appointed deputy governor-general of Congo-Kasaï |
| January | Georges Van der Kerken is appointed deputy governor-general of the province of Équateur (acting for Charles Duchesne). |
| 16 January | The Société Ciments du Katanga is created by royal decree to supply cement to the rapidly growing Union Minière du Haut-Katanga (UMHK) and other companies in southern Katanga and the two Kasais. |
## Births
- 22 February – Georges Yhambot, Congolese planter and politician[3]
## Sources
- "Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces", Rulers.org, retrieved 5 August 2020
- Pary, J., Les matériaux de construction, l'industrie Katangaise. Réalisation et prospective, 1955-1960., retrieved 20 September 2020
|
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| 67,399,000
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1922 in the Belgian Congo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922_in_the_Belgian_Congo
|
2024-09-10T01:41:30Z
|
en
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Q106645419
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Year in the Belgian Congo|1922}}
The following lists events that happened during '''1922 in the [[Belgian Congo]]'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo|Governor-general]] – [[Maurice Lippens (politician)|Maurice Lippens]]
==Events==
===General===
{|class=wikitable
!style="width:7em" |Date !!Event
|-
|
| [[Alphonse Engels]] is appointed deputy governor-general of [[Congo-Kasaï ]]
|-
| January
| [[Georges Van der Kerken]] is appointed deputy governor-general of the [[Équateur (former province)|province of Équateur]] (acting for [[Charles Duchesne]]).{{sfn|Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces}}
|-
| 16 January
| The ''[[Société Ciments du Katanga]]'' is created by royal decree to supply cement to the rapidly growing ''[[Union Minière du Haut-Katanga]]'' (UMHK) and other companies in southern Katanga and the two Kasais.{{sfn|Pary}}
|}
==Births==
* 22 February – [[Georges Yhambot]], Congolese planter and politician<ref>Bazenguissa-Ganga, Rémy. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=15Qza8LQcFMC Les voies du politique au Congo: essai de sociologie historique]''. Paris: Karthala, 1997. p. 447</ref>
==See also==
* [[Belgian Congo]]
* [[History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation |url=https://rulers.org/cngkprov.html |accessdate=2020-08-05 |work=Rulers.org
|title=Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces |ref={{harvid|Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces}} }}
*{{citation |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/12/13/8313/m_La-dynamique-de-la-petite-et-moyenne-entreprise-moteur-du-developpement-economique-du-Katanga39.html |access-date=2020-09-20
|last=Pary |first=J. |title=Les matériaux de construction, l'industrie Katangaise. Réalisation et prospective, 1955-1960.}}
{{refend}}
{{Years in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Year in Africa|1922}}
[[Category:1922 in the Belgian Congo| ]]
[[Category:1922 by country|Belgian Congo]]
[[Category:1922 in Africa|Belgian]]
| 1,244,935,610
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1921 - 1920 - 1919": "1922 \u00b7 in \u00b7 the Belgian Congo \u00b7 \u2192 - 1923 - 1924 - 1925", "Decades": "1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s"}}]
| false
|
# .450 Black Powder Express
The .450 Black Powder Express, also known as the .450 31⁄4-inch BPE, was a popular black powder cartridge in the late 19th and early 20th century.
## Design
The .450 Black Powder Express is a rimmed, straight walled, centerfire rifle cartridge designed for use with blackpowder. It was available in a number of loadings with bullets weighing from 270 to 365 grains (17.5 to 23.7 g), all driven by 120 grains (7.8 g) of black powder.
The .450 Nitro for Black is the same cartridge loaded with mild loadings of modern smokeless powder, carefully balanced through trial to replicate the ballistics of the black powder version.
## History
In 19th century Britain there were a large number of straight .450 cartridges developed of varying case lengths up to the 31⁄4-inch version. The .450 31⁄4-inch Black Powder Express was originally developed by Alexander Henry as an experimental military cartridge for the 1869 British Army rifle trials that led to adoption of the Martini–Henry rifle. The original military trial "long chamber" cartridge was loaded with a bullet weighing 480 grains (31 g), although for military use it was found to be awkwardly long and difficult to handle and to load, in response Eley Brothers developed the much shorter, bottlenecked .577/450 Martini–Henry cartridge.
In the 1870s the .450 31⁄4-inch "long chamber" cartridge became the basis for the .450 Black Powder Express when loaded with lighter projectiles fired at higher velocities than the original. The .450 Black Powder Express was the most popular sporting Express cartridge and was manufactured in the UK, France, Germany, Austria and Canada and was readily available in both black powder and Nitro for Black versions well into the 20th century.
### Parent case
Around 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the .450/400 Black Powder Express which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the .450/400 Nitro Express which was further developed into the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express.
### Nitro Expressloadings
In 1898 John Rigby & Company loaded this cartridge with smokeless cordite to create the .450 Nitro Express, the first Nitro Express cartridge.
## Use
The .450 31⁄4-inch Black Powder Express was one of the most popular cartridges ever devised, it was widely used to shoot deer and similar sized game, as well as large dangerous game up to and including elephant.
Frederick Selous owned a single barrelled .450 Black Powder Express by Alexander Henry which he used to shoot lion when low on ammunition for his favourite .461 Gibbs No 1 Farquharson rifle.
John "Pondoro" Taylor owned two rifles in .450 Black Powder Express, a single falling block rifle and a double rifle by Holland & Holland, with these rifles he killed elephant, rhinoceros and buffalo shooting 365 grain hardened lead bullets, and lion shooting soft solid lead bullets of the same weight.
The favourite rifle of the great continental sportsman Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was a .450 Black Powder Express by Alexander Henry, with which he shot running deer out to 440 metres (480 yd).
|
enwiki/48532969
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| 48,532,969
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.450 Black Powder Express
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.450_Black_Powder_Express
|
2024-07-23T12:20:24Z
|
en
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Q25348796
| 65,285
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{{Use British English|date=December 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Notability|Product|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox Firearm Cartridge
|name= .450 Black Powder Express
|image= [[File:.450 Black Powder Express.jpg|270px]]
|caption=
|origin=[[United Kingdom]]
|type= Rifle
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=
|design_date=1870s
|manufacturer=
|production_date=
|number=
|variants=
<!-- Specifications -->
|is_SI_specs=
|parent=
|case_type=[[Rim (firearms)#Rimmed|Rimmed]], straight
|bullet=.458
|neck=.479
|shoulder=
|base=.545
|rim_dia=.624
|rim_thick=.040
|case_length=3.25
|length=4.11
|case_capacity=136.3
|rifling=
|primer=Kynoch # 40
<!-- Ballistic performance -->
|is_SI_ballistics=
|bw1=270
|btype1=Lead copper-tubed
|vel1=1975
|en1=2340
|bw2=310
|btype2=Lead solid
|vel2=1800
|en2=2240
|bw3=325
|btype3=Lead copper-tubed
|vel3=1775
|en3=2280
|bw4=350
|btype4=
|vel4=2150
|en4=2340
|bw5=365
|btype5=Lead solid
|vel5=1700
|en5=2340
|test_barrel_length=
|balsrc= Barnes,<ref name=Barnes/> Kynoch<ref name=Kynoch/> and Taylor.<ref name=Taylor/>
}}
The '''.450 Black Powder Express''', also known as the '''.450 3{{frac|1|4}}-inch BPE''', was a popular [[black powder]] cartridge in the late 19th and early 20th century.<ref name=Barnes/>
==Design==
The .450 Black Powder Express is a [[Rim (firearms)#Rimmed|rimmed]], straight walled, [[Centerfire ammunition|centerfire]] rifle [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]] designed for use with [[blackpowder]]. It was available in a number of loadings with bullets weighing from {{convert|270|to|365|gr|g}}, all driven by {{convert|120|gr|g}} of black powder.<ref name=Barnes/><ref name=Taylor/>
The '''.450 Nitro for Black''' is the same cartridge loaded with mild loadings of modern smokeless powder, carefully balanced through trial to replicate the ballistics of the black powder version.<ref name=Kynoch/>
==Dimensions==
[[File:450 Black Powder Express dimensions.jpg|thumb|center|500px]]
==History==
In 19th century Britain there were a large number of straight .450 cartridges developed of varying case lengths up to the 3{{frac|1|4}}-inch version. The .450 3{{frac|1|4}}-inch Black Powder Express was originally developed by [[Alexander Henry (gun maker)|Alexander Henry]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.riflemagazine.com/triumph-and-tragedy | title=Triumph and Tragedy | RifleMagazine }}</ref> as an experimental military cartridge for the 1869 British Army rifle trials that led to adoption of the [[Martini–Henry]] rifle. The original military trial "long chamber" cartridge was loaded with a bullet weighing {{convert|480|gr|g}}, although for military use it was found to be awkwardly long and difficult to handle and to load, in response [[Eley Brothers]] developed the much shorter, bottlenecked [[.577/450 Martini–Henry]] cartridge.<ref name=IWM-450-copper/><ref name=Atkin/>
In the 1870s the .450 3{{frac|1|4}}-inch "long chamber" cartridge became the basis for the .450 Black Powder Express when loaded with lighter projectiles fired at higher velocities than the original. The .450 Black Powder Express was the most popular sporting [[Express (weaponry)|Express]] cartridge and was manufactured in the UK, France, Germany, Austria and Canada and was readily available in both black powder and Nitro for Black versions well into the 20th century.<ref name=Barnes/><ref name=Taylor/><ref name=IWM-450-hollow/>
===Parent case===
Around 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the [[.450/400 Black Powder Express]] which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the [[.450/400 Nitro Express]] which was further developed into the [[.400 Jeffery Nitro Express]].<ref name=Barnes/>
===[[Nitro Express]] loadings===
In 1898 [[John Rigby & Company]] loaded this cartridge with smokeless [[cordite]] to create the [[.450 Nitro Express]], the first [[Nitro Express]] cartridge.<ref name=Barnes/><ref name=IWM-450-copper/>
[[File:.360, .450-400 & .450 Black Powder Express cartridges.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Illustration of the .360, [[.450/400 Black Powder Express|.450/400]] & .450 Black Powder Express cartridges.]]
==Use==
The .450 3{{frac|1|4}}-inch Black Powder Express was one of the most popular cartridges ever devised, it was widely used to shoot deer and similar sized game, as well as large dangerous game up to and including elephant.<ref name=Barnes/><ref name=Taylor/>
[[Frederick Selous]] owned a single barrelled .450 Black Powder Express by [[Alexander Henry (gun maker)|Alexander Henry]] which he used to shoot lion when low on ammunition for his favourite [[.461 Gibbs|.461 Gibbs No 1]] Farquharson rifle.<ref name=Selous-South-East-Africa/>
[[John "Pondoro" Taylor]] owned two rifles in .450 Black Powder Express, a single falling block rifle and a [[double rifle]] by [[Holland & Holland]], with these rifles he killed elephant, rhinoceros and buffalo shooting 365 grain hardened lead bullets, and lion shooting soft solid lead bullets of the same weight.<ref name=Taylor/>
The favourite rifle of the great continental sportsman [[Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] was a .450 Black Powder Express by Alexander Henry, with which he shot running deer out to {{convert|440|m|yd}}.<ref name=Baillie-Grohman/>
==See also==
* [[Express (weaponry)]]
* [[List of rifle cartridges]]
* [[11 mm caliber]] other cartridges of similar caliber size.
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Atkin>[http://www.martinihenry.com/450577.htm Jason Atkin, "The short chamber Boxer-Henry .45 caliber cartridge", ''martinihenry.com''], retrieved 7 December 2017.</ref>
<ref name=Baillie-Grohman>W.A. Baillie-Grohman, [https://archive.org/stream/sportinalpsinpas00bailiala#page/n7/mode/2up ''Sport in the Alps: in the past and present''], Adam and Charles Black, London, 1896.</ref>
<ref name=Barnes>Frank C. Barnes, ''Cartridges of the World'', ed 13, Gun Digest Books, Iola, 2012, {{ISBN|9781440230592}}.</ref>
<ref name=IWM-450-copper>[http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30026681 Imperial War Museums, ".450 Black Powder Express 31/4 inch, copper tubed", ''iwm.org.uk''], retrieved 23 October 2017.</ref>
<ref name=IWM-450-hollow>[http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30026680 Imperial War Museums, ".450 Black Powder Express 31/4 inch, hollow point", ''iwm.org.uk''], retrieved 23 October 2017.</ref>
<ref name=Kynoch>[http://www.kynochammunition.co.uk/cartridge%20collection.html Kynoch Ammunition, "Big Game Cartridges", ''www.kynochammunition.co.uk''], [https://web.archive.org/web/20150527033406/http://www.kynochammunition.co.uk/cartridge%20collection.html archived], 15 August 2016.</ref>
<ref name=Selous-South-East-Africa>Frederick Courteney Selous, [https://archive.org/stream/travelandadvent00selogoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''Travel and adventure in South-East Africa''], Rowland Ward & Co., London, 1893.</ref>
<ref name=Taylor>John Taylor, ''African rifles and cartridges'', Sportsman's Vintage Press, 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-940001-01-2}}.</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.cartridgecollector.net/450-3-%C2%BC-coiled-black-powder-express Cartridgecollector, ".450 3 {{frac|1|4}}" Coiled Black Powder Express", ''www.cartridgecollector.net''] retrieved 16 December 2016.
* [http://www.cartridgecollector.net/450-3-%C2%BC-drawn-black-powder-express Cartridgecollector, ".450 3 {{frac|1|4}}" Drawn Black Powder Express", ''www.cartridgecollector.net''], retrieved 16 December 2016.
* [http://www.cartridgecollector.net/450-3-%C2%BC-nitro-black-powder Cartridgecollector, ".450 3 {{frac|1|4}}" Nitro for Black Powder", ''www.cartridgecollector.net''], retrieved 16 December 2016.
{{DEFAULTSORT:450}}
[[Category:Pistol and rifle cartridges]]
[[Category:British firearm cartridges]]
| 1,236,199,899
|
[{"title": ".450 Black Powder Express", "data": {"Type": "Rifle", "Place of origin": "United Kingdom"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designed": "1870s"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Case type": "Rimmed, straight", "Bullet diameter": ".458 in (11.6 mm)", "Neck diameter": ".479 in (12.2 mm)", "Base diameter": ".545 in (13.8 mm)", "Rim diameter": ".624 in (15.8 mm)", "Rim thickness": ".040 in (1.0 mm)", "Case length": "3.25 in (83 mm)", "Overall length": "4.11 in (104 mm)", "Case capacity": "136.3 gr H2O (8.83 cm3)", "Primer type": "Kynoch # 40"}}, {"title": "Ballistic performance", "data": {"Bullet mass/type": "Velocity \u00b7 Energy", "270 gr (17 g) Lead copper-tubed": "1,975 ft/s (602 m/s) \u00b7 2,340 ft\u22c5lbf (3,170 J)", "310 gr (20 g) Lead solid": "1,800 ft/s (550 m/s) \u00b7 2,240 ft\u22c5lbf (3,040 J)", "325 gr (21 g) Lead copper-tubed": "1,775 ft/s (541 m/s) \u00b7 2,280 ft\u22c5lbf (3,090 J)", "350 gr (23 g)": "2,150 ft/s (660 m/s) \u00b7 2,340 ft\u22c5lbf (3,170 J)", "365 gr (24 g) Lead solid": "1,700 ft/s (520 m/s) \u00b7 2,340 ft\u22c5lbf (3,170 J)"}}]
| false
|
# 1904 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1904 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 18th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
Blackrock were the defending champions.
St. Finbarr's won the championship following a walkover from Castletownroche in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title in five championship seasons.
## Results
Final
| Final | St. Finbarr’s | w/o – scr. | Castletownroche | |
|
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1904 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Cork_Senior_Hurling_Championship
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2023-06-30T02:52:38Z
|
en
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Q48797194
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{{Short description|Annual hurling competition season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=July 2021}}
{{infobox hurling championship
| name = 1904 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
| champions = [[St. Finbarr's GAA|St. Finbarr’s]]
| champions captain = Dan Harrington
| count = 2
| runners-up = [[Castletownroche GAA|Castletownroche]]
| previous year = 1903
| previous tournament = 1903 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
| next year = 1905
| next tournament = 1905 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
}}
The '''1904 Cork Senior Hurling Championship''' was the 18th staging of the [[Cork Senior Hurling Championship]] since its establishment by the [[Cork GAA|Cork County Board]] in 1887.
[[Blackrock GAA|Blackrock]] were the [[1903 Cork Senior Hurling Championship|defending champions]].
[[St. Finbarr's GAA|St. Finbarr's]] won the championship following a walkover from [[Castletownroche GAA|Castletownroche]] in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corkpastandpresent.ie/cultureincork/sport/stfinbarrsgaaclub/|title=St Finbarr's GAA Club 1876-1933|publisher=Cork Past and Present website|date=|accessdate=10 November 2017|first=|last=}}</ref> This was their second championship title overall and their first title in five championship seasons.
==Results==
'''Final'''
{{footballbox collapsible
| date =
| round = Final
| team1 = [[St. Finbarr's GAA|St. Finbarr’s]]
| score = w/o – scr.
| team2 = [[Castletownroche GAA|Castletownroche]]
| stadium =
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Cork Senior Hurling Championships}}
[[Category:1904 senior hurling county championships|Cork Senior Hurling Championship]]
[[Category:Cork Senior Hurling Championship]]
{{Hurling-competition-stub}}
| 1,162,595,885
|
[{"title": "1904 Cork Senior Hurling Championship", "data": {"Champions": "St. Finbarr\u2019s (2nd title) \u00b7 Dan Harrington (captain)", "Runners-up": "Castletownroche"}}, {"title": "Runners-up", "data": {"\u2190 1903 (Previous)": "(Next) 1905 \u2192"}}]
| false
|
# 1925 Chicago Cubs season
The 1925 Chicago Cubs season was the 54th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 50th in the National League and the tenth at Wrigley Field (then known as "Cubs Park"). The Cubs finished eighth and last in the National League with a record of 68–86.
## Regular season
### Season standings
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --------------------- | -- | -- | ---- | --- | ---- | ---- |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 95 | 58 | .621 | — | 52–25 | 43–33 |
| New York Giants | 86 | 66 | .566 | 8½ | 47–29 | 39–37 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 80 | 73 | .523 | 15 | 44–32 | 36–41 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 77 | 76 | .503 | 18 | 48–28 | 29–48 |
| Boston Braves | 70 | 83 | .458 | 25 | 37–39 | 33–44 |
| Brooklyn Robins | 68 | 85 | .444 | 27 | 38–39 | 30–46 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 68 | 85 | .444 | 27 | 40–37 | 28–48 |
| Chicago Cubs | 68 | 86 | .442 | 27½ | 37–40 | 31–46 |
### Record vs. opponents
| Boston | — | 13–8 | 12–10 | 9–13 | 11–11 | 6–16 | 7–15 | 12–10 |
| Brooklyn | 8–13 | — | 11–11 | 12–10 | 10–12 | 11–11 | 5–17 | 11–11 |
| Chicago | 10–12 | 11–11 | — | 10–12 | 7–15 | 10–12 | 12–10 | 8–14 |
| Cincinnati | 13–9 | 10–12 | 12–10 | — | 9–13 | 16–6 | 8–13 | 12–10 |
| New York | 11–11 | 12–10 | 15–7 | 13–9 | — | 13–8 | 10–12 | 12–9 |
| Philadelphia | 16–6 | 11–11 | 12–10 | 6–16 | 8–13 | — | 8–14 | 7–15 |
| Pittsburgh | 15–7 | 17–5 | 10–12 | 13–8 | 12–10 | 14–8 | — | 14–8 |
| St. Louis | 10–12 | 11–11 | 14–8 | 10–12 | 9–12 | 15–7 | 8–14 | — |
## Player stats
### Batting
#### Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | -- | --- |
| C | Gabby Hartnett | 117 | 398 | 115 | .289 | 24 | 67 |
| 1B | Charlie Grimm | 141 | 519 | 159 | .306 | 10 | 76 |
| 2B | Sparky Adams | 149 | 627 | 180 | .287 | 2 | 48 |
| SS | Rabbit Maranville | 75 | 266 | 62 | .233 | 0 | 23 |
| 3B | Howard Freigau | 117 | 476 | 146 | .307 | 8 | 71 |
| OF | Cliff Heathcote | 109 | 380 | 100 | .263 | 5 | 39 |
| OF | Tommy Griffith | 76 | 235 | 67 | .285 | 7 | 27 |
| OF | Mandy Brooks | 90 | 349 | 98 | .281 | 14 | 72 |
#### Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --------------- | -- | --- | -- | ---- | -- | --- |
| Art Jahn | 58 | 226 | 68 | .301 | 0 | 37 |
| Mike González | 70 | 197 | 52 | .264 | 3 | 18 |
| Butch Weis | 67 | 180 | 48 | .267 | 2 | 25 |
| Pinky Pittenger | 59 | 173 | 54 | .312 | 0 | 15 |
| Bernie Friberg | 44 | 152 | 39 | .257 | 1 | 16 |
| Jigger Statz | 38 | 148 | 38 | .257 | 2 | 14 |
| Denver Grigsby | 51 | 137 | 35 | .255 | 0 | 20 |
| Ike McAuley | 37 | 125 | 35 | .280 | 0 | 11 |
| Hack Miller | 24 | 86 | 24 | .279 | 2 | 9 |
| Ralph Michaels | 22 | 50 | 14 | .280 | 0 | 6 |
| Alex Metzler | 9 | 38 | 7 | .184 | 0 | 2 |
| Joe Munson | 9 | 35 | 13 | .371 | 0 | 3 |
| Bob Barrett | 14 | 32 | 10 | .313 | 0 | 7 |
| Gale Staley | 7 | 26 | 11 | .423 | 0 | 3 |
| Bob O'Farrell | 17 | 22 | 4 | .182 | 0 | 3 |
| John Churry | 3 | 6 | 3 | .500 | 0 | 1 |
| Chink Taylor | 8 | 6 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Teddy Kearns | 3 | 2 | 1 | .500 | 0 | 0 |
| Mel Kerr | 1 | 0 | 0 | ---- | 0 | 0 |
### Pitching
#### Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| -------------- | -- | ----- | -- | -- | ---- | -- |
| Pete Alexander | 32 | 236.0 | 15 | 11 | 3.39 | 63 |
| Sheriff Blake | 36 | 231.1 | 10 | 18 | 4.86 | 93 |
| Wilbur Cooper | 32 | 212.1 | 12 | 14 | 4.28 | 41 |
| Tony Kaufmann | 31 | 196.0 | 13 | 13 | 4.50 | 49 |
#### Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --------------- | -- | ----- | - | -- | ---- | -- |
| Guy Bush | 42 | 182.0 | 6 | 13 | 4.30 | 76 |
| Percy Jones | 28 | 124.0 | 6 | 6 | 4.65 | 60 |
| Vic Keen | 30 | 83.1 | 2 | 6 | 6.26 | 19 |
| Elmer Jacobs | 18 | 55.2 | 2 | 3 | 5.17 | 19 |
| George Milstead | 5 | 21.0 | 1 | 1 | 3.00 | 7 |
#### Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --------------- | -- | - | - | -- | ---- | -- |
| Duke Brett | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3.63 | 6 |
| Jumbo Brown | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.00 | 0 |
| George Stueland | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.00 | 2 |
| Bob Osborn | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 |
## Farm system
| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| ----- | ------------------ | -------------------- | ---------- |
| AA | Los Angeles Angels | Pacific Coast League | Marty Krug |
|
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| 13,970,595
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1925 Chicago Cubs season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Chicago_Cubs_season
|
2025-03-17T22:14:01Z
|
en
|
Q4561694
| 143,080
|
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox baseball team season
| name = Chicago Cubs
| season = 1925
| misc =
| image = 1920 cub logo.svg
| league = National League
| ballpark = [[Wrigley Field|Cubs Park]]
| city = [[Chicago]]
| record = {{winpct|68|86|record=y}}
| league_place = 8th
| owners = [[William Wrigley Jr.]]
| managers = [[Bill Killefer]], [[Rabbit Maranville]], [[George Gibson (baseball)|George Gibson]]
| radio = [[WGN (AM)|WGN]]<br>(Quin Ryan)<br>[[WMAQ (AM)|WMAQ]]<br>([[Hal Totten]])
|}}
The '''1925 Chicago Cubs season''' was the 54th season of the [[Chicago Cubs]] franchise, the 50th in the [[National League (baseball)|National League]] and the tenth at [[Wrigley Field]] (then known as "Cubs Park"). The Cubs finished eighth and last in the National League with a record of 68–86.
== Regular season ==
=== Season standings ===
{{1925 National League standings|highlight=Chicago Cubs}}
=== Record vs. opponents ===
{{1925 NL Record vs. opponents|team=CHC}}
=== Roster ===
{| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color: #0e3386; color: white; text-align: center;" | 1925 Chicago Cubs roster
|-
| colspan="10" style="background-color: #EE1422; color: white; text-align: center;" | '''Roster'''
|-
| valign="top" | '''Pitchers'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Grover Cleveland Alexander|Pete Alexander]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Sheriff Blake]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Herb Brett]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jumbo Brown]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Guy Bush]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Wilbur Cooper]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Elmer Jacobs]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Percy Jones (baseball)|Percy Jones]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Tony Kaufmann]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Vic Keen]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[George Milstead]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bob Osborn]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[George Stueland]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Catchers'''
{{MLBplayer||[[John Churry]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Mike González (catcher)|Mike González]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Gabby Hartnett]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bob O'Farrell]]}}
'''Infielders'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Sparky Adams]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bob Barrett (baseball)|Bob Barrett]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Howard Freigau]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bernie Friberg]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Charlie Grimm]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Teddy Kearns]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Rabbit Maranville]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ike McAuley]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ralph Michaels]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Pinky Pittenger]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Gale Staley]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Outfielders'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Mandy Brooks]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Tommy Griffith]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Denver Grigsby]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Cliff Heathcote]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Art Jahn]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Alex Metzler]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Hack Miller]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Joe Munson]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jigger Statz]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Chink Taylor]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Butch Weis]]}}
'''Other batters'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Mel Kerr]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Manager'''
{{MLBplayer||[[George Gibson (baseball)|George Gibson]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bill Killefer]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Rabbit Maranville]]}}
|}
== Player stats ==
=== Batting ===
==== Starters by position ====
''Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="5%" | Pos
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="16%" | Player
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | G
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | AB
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | H
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | Avg.
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | HR
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | RBI
|-
| C || [[Gabby Hartnett]] || 117 || 398 || 115 || .289 || 24 || 67
|-
| 1B || [[Charlie Grimm]] || 141 || 519 || 159 || .306 || 10 || 76
|-
| 2B || [[Sparky Adams]] || 149 || 627 || 180 || .287 || 2 || 48
|-
| SS || {{sortname|Rabbit|Maranville}} || 75 || 266 || 62 || .233 || 0 || 23
|-
| 3B || [[Howard Freigau]] || 117 || 476 || 146 || .307 || 8 || 71
|-
| OF || [[Cliff Heathcote]] || 109 || 380 || 100 || .263 || 5 || 39
|-
| OF || [[Tommy Griffith]] || 76 || 235 || 67 || .285 || 7 || 27
|-
| OF || [[Mandy Brooks]] || 90 || 349 || 98 || .281 || 14 || 72
|}
==== Other batters ====
''Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="16%" | Player
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | G
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | AB
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | H
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | Avg.
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | HR
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | RBI
|-
| [[Art Jahn]] || 58 || 226 || 68 || .301 || 0 ||| 37
|-
| {{sortname|Mike|González|Mike González (catcher)}} || 70 || 197 || 52 || .264 || 3 || 18
|-
| [[Butch Weis]] || 67 || 180 || 48 || .267 || 2 || 25
|-
| [[Pinky Pittenger]] || 59 || 173 || 54 || .312 || 0 || 15
|-
| [[Bernie Friberg]] || 44 || 152 || 39 || .257 || 1 || 16
|-
| [[Jigger Statz]] || 38 || 148 || 38 || .257 || 2 || 14
|-
| [[Denver Grigsby]] || 51 || 137 || 35 || .255 || 0 || 20
|-
| [[Ike McAuley]] || 37 || 125 || 35 || .280 || 0 || 11
|-
| [[Hack Miller]] || 24 || 86 || 24 || .279 || 2 || 9
|-
| [[Ralph Michaels]] || 22 || 50 || 14 || .280 || 0 || 6
|-
| [[Alex Metzler]] || 9 || 38 || 7 || .184 || 0 || 2
|-
| [[Joe Munson]] || 9 || 35 || 13 || .371 || 0 || 3
|-
| [[Bob Barrett (baseball)|Bob Barrett]] || 14 || 32 || 10 || .313 || 0 || 7
|-
| [[Gale Staley]] || 7 || 26 || 11 || .423 || 0 || 3
|-
| [[Bob O'Farrell]] || 17 || 22 || 4 || .182 || 0 || 3
|-
| [[John Churry]] || 3 || 6 || 3 || .500 || 0 || 1
|-
| [[Chink Taylor]] || 8 || 6 || 0 || .000 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Teddy Kearns]] || 3 || 2 || 1 || .500 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Mel Kerr]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || ---- || 0 || 0
|}
=== Pitching ===
==== Starting pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="16%" | Player
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | G
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | IP
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | W
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | L
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | ERA
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | SO
|-
| {{sortname|Pete|Alexander|Grover Cleveland Alexander}} || 32 || 236.0 || 15 || 11 || 3.39 || 63
|-
| [[Sheriff Blake]] || 36 || 231.1 || 10 || 18 || 4.86 || 93
|-
| [[Wilbur Cooper]] || 32 || 212.1 || 12 || 14 || 4.28 || 41
|-
| [[Tony Kaufmann]] || 31 || 196.0 || 13 || 13 || 4.50 || 49
|}
==== Other pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="16%" | Player
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | G
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | IP
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | W
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | L
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | ERA
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | SO
|-
| [[Guy Bush]] || 42 || 182.0 || 6 || 13 || 4.30 || 76
|-
| [[Percy Jones (baseball)|Percy Jones]] || 28 || 124.0 || 6 || 6 || 4.65 || 60
|-
| [[Vic Keen]] || 30 || 83.1 || 2 || 6 || 6.26 || 19
|-
| [[Elmer Jacobs]] || 18 || 55.2 || 2 || 3 || 5.17 || 19
|-
| [[George Milstead]] || 5 || 21.0 || 1 || 1 || 3.00 || 7
|}
==== Relief pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="16%" | Player
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | G
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | W
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | L
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | SV
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | ERA
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Chicago Cubs}};" width="9%" | SO
|-
| [[Duke Brett]] || 10 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 3.63 || 6
|-
| [[Jumbo Brown]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3.00 || 0
|-
| [[George Stueland]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3.00 || 2
|-
| [[Bob Osborn]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.00 || 0
|}
== Farm system ==
{{See also|Minor league baseball}}
{{MLB Farm System
|level20=[[Double-A (baseball)|AA]] |team20=[[Los Angeles Angels (PCL)|Los Angeles Angels]]|league20=[[Pacific Coast League]]|manager20=[[Marty Krug]]
}}
==External links==
*[https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/CHC/1925.shtml 1925 Chicago Cubs season at Baseball Reference]
{{1925 MLB season by team}}
{{Chicago Cubs}}
[[Category:Chicago Cubs seasons]]
[[Category:1925 Major League Baseball season|Chicago Cubs season]]
[[Category:1925 in sports in Illinois|Chicago Cubs]]
[[Category:1925 in Chicago]]
{{ChicagoCubs-season-stub}}
| 1,281,035,034
|
[{"title": "1925 Chicago Cubs", "data": {"League": "National League", "Ballpark": "Cubs Park", "City": "Chicago", "Record": "68\u201386 (.442)", "League place": "8th", "Owners": "William Wrigley Jr.", "Managers": "Bill Killefer, Rabbit Maranville, George Gibson", "Radio": "WGN \u00b7 (Quin Ryan) \u00b7 WMAQ \u00b7 (Hal Totten)"}}]
| false
|
# 1894 in the United States
Events from the year 1894 in the United States.
## Incumbents
### Federal government
- President: Grover Cleveland (D-New York)
- Vice President: Adlai E. Stevenson I (D-Illinois)
- Chief Justice: Melville Fuller (Illinois)
- Speaker of the House of Representatives: Charles Frederick Crisp (D-Georgia)
- Congress: 53rd
| Governors and lieutenant governors |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| - Governor of Alabama: Thomas G. Jones (Democratic) (until December 1), William C. Oates (Democratic) (starting December 1) - Governor of Arkansas: William Meade Fishback (Democratic) - Governor of California: Henry Markham (Republican) - Governor of Colorado: Davis Hanson Waite (People's) - Governor of Connecticut: Luzon B. Morris (Democratic) - Governor of Delaware: Robert J. Reynolds (Democratic) - Governor of Florida: Henry L. Mitchell (Democratic) - Governor of Georgia: William J. Northen (Democratic) (until October 27), William Yates Atkinson (Democratic) (starting October 27) - Governor of Idaho: William J. McConnell (Republican) - Governor of Illinois: John Peter Altgeld (Democratic) - Governor of Indiana: Claude Matthews (Democratic) - Governor of Iowa: Horace Boies (Democratic) (until January 11), Frank D. Jackson (Republican) (starting January 11) - Governor of Kansas: Lorenzo D. Lewelling (Populist) - Governor of Kentucky: John Y. Brown (Democratic) - Governor of Louisiana: Murphy James Foster Sr. (Democratic) - Governor of Maine: Henry B. Cleaves (Republican) - Governor of Maryland: Frank Brown (Democratic) - Governor of Massachusetts: William E. Russell (Democratic) (until January 4), Frederic T. Greenhalge (Republican) (starting January 4) - Governor of Michigan: John T. Rich (Republican) - Governor of Minnesota: Knute Nelson (Republican) - Governor of Mississippi: John M. Stone (Democratic) - Governor of Missouri: William Joel Stone (Democratic) - Governor of Montana: John E. Rickards (Republican) - Governor of Nebraska: Lorenzo Crounse (Republican) - Governor of Nevada: Roswell K. Colcord (Republican) - Governor of New Hampshire: John Butler Smith (Republican) - Governor of New Jersey: George Theodore Werts (Democratic) - Governor of New York: Roswell P. Flower (Democratic) (until end of December 31) - Governor of North Carolina: Elias Carr (Democratic) - Governor of North Dakota: Eli C. D. Shortridge (Democratic)/(Independent) - Governor of Ohio: William McKinley (Republican) - Governor of Oregon: Sylvester Pennoyer (Democratic) - Governor of Pennsylvania: Robert E. Pattison (Democratic) - Governor of Rhode Island: D. Russell Brown (Republican) - Governor of South Carolina: Benjamin Ryan Tillman (Democratic) (until December 4), John Gary Evans (Democratic) (starting December 4) - Governor of South Dakota: Charles H. Sheldon (Republican) - Governor of Tennessee: Peter Turney (Democratic) - Governor of Texas: James Stephen Hogg (Democratic) - Governor of Vermont: Levi K. Fuller (Republican) (until October 4), Urban A. Woodbury (Republican) (starting October 4) - Governor of Virginia: Philip W. McKinney (Democratic) (until January 1), Charles Triplett O'Ferrall (Democratic) (starting January 1) - Governor of Washington: John McGraw (Republican) - Governor of West Virginia: William A. MacCorkle (Democratic) - Governor of Wisconsin: George W. Peck (Democratic) - Governor of Wyoming: John E. Osborne (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of California: John B. Reddick (Republican) - Lieutenant Governor of Colorado: David Hopkinson Nichols (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: Ernest Cady (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Idaho: F. B. Willis (Republican) - Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: Joseph B. Gill (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: Mortimer Nye (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Iowa: Samuel L. Bestow (Democratic) (until January 11), Warren S. Dungan (Republican) (starting January 11) - Lieutenant Governor of Kansas: Percy Daniels (Populist) - Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: Mitchell Cary Alford (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana: Hiram R. Lott (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Roger Wolcott (Republican) - Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: John Strong (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), J. Wight Giddings (Republican) (starting month and day unknown) - Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota: Gideon S. Ives (Republican) (until month and day unknown), David M. Clough (Republican) (starting month and day unknown) - Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: M. M. Evans (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Stephen Hugh Claycomb (Democratic) (until January 9), John B. O'Meara (Democratic) (starting January 9) - Lieutenant Governor of Montana: John E. Rickards (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Alexander Campbell Botkin (Republican) (starting month and day unknown) - Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska: Thomas J. Majors (Republican) - Lieutenant Governor of Nevada: Joseph Poujade (political party unknown) - Lieutenant Governor of New York: William F. Sheehan (Democratic) (until end of December 31) - Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina: vacant (until month and day unknown), Rufus A. Doughton (Democratic) (starting month and day unknown) - Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota: Elmer D. Wallace (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Ohio: Andrew L. Harris (Republican) - Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania: Louis Arthur Watres (Republican) - Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Melville Bull (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Edwin Allen (Republican) (starting month and day unknown) - Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: Washington H. Timmerman (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota: Charles N. Herreid (Republican) - Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee: William C. Dismukes (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Texas: Martin McNulty Crane (Democratic) - Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: F. Stewart Stranahan (Republican) (until October 4), Zophar M. Mansur (Republican) (starting October 4) - Lieutenant Governor of Virginia: James Hoge Tyler (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), Robert Craig Kent (Democratic) (starting month and day unknown) - Lieutenant Governor of Washington: F. H. Luce (Republican) - Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin: Charles Jonas (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), vacant (starting month and day unknown) |
## Events
- January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film.
- January 9 – New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard, in Lexington, Massachusetts.
- February 7 – 5-month Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894 begins
- February 9 – Milton S. Hershey establishes the Hershey Chocolate Company in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
- February 17 – Outlaw John Wesley Hardin is released from prison.
- March 12 – Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the first time.
- March 25 – Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs from Massillon, Ohio for Washington, D.C.
- April 21 – A bituminous coal miners' strike closes mines across the central US.
- May 1
- Coxey's Army arrives in Washington, D.C.
- The May Day Riots of 1894 break out in Cleveland, Ohio.
- May 11 – Pullman Strike: Three thousand Pullman Palace Car Company workers go on a "wildcat" (without union approval) strike to protest lowered wages without an equivalent reduction in expenses charged in the company town of Pullman, Chicago.
- July – A fire at the site of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago destroys most of the remaining buildings.
- July 4 – The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by Sanford B. Dole.
- August 6 – William C. Oates is elected the 29th governor of Alabama defeating Reuben Kolb.
- September 1 – Great Hinckley Fire: A forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota kills more than 450 people.
- September 4 – In New York City, 12,000 tailors strike against sweatshop working conditions.
- October 3 – Pomfret School is founded in Connecticut.
- November 1 – The first issue of Billboard magazine is published in Cincinnati, Ohio by William Donaldson and James Hennegan. Initially, it covers the advertising and bill posting industry, and is at the time known as Billboard Advertising.
- November 5 – West Palm Beach, Florida is incorporated as a city.
- November 6 – Republican win by a landslide in the House of Representatives elections, which sets the stage for the decisive 1896 presidential election.
- December 1 – William C. Oates is sworn in as the 29th governor of Alabama replacing Thomas G. Jones.[1]
- December 6 – Kate Chopin's feminist short story "The Story of an Hour" is first published, in the magazine Vogue.
### Undated
- Oil is discovered on the Osage Indian reservation, making the Osage the "richest group of people in the world".
- The Society of Beaux-Arts Architects is founded.
- The National Society of Pershing Rifles is founded at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
- Chatham Episcopal Institute (modern-day Chatham Hall) is founded as a girls' college-preparatory boarding school in Chatham, Virginia.
- Frederick W. Tamblyn founds Tamblyn Studio & School of Penmanship which later becomes Ziller of Kansas City, the oldest calligraphy studio in the U.S.
- National Civic League established.[2]
- New York Giants defeat Baltimore Orioles 4 games to 0 to win the First Temple Cup in the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs.
### Ongoing
- Gilded Age (1869–c. 1896)
- Gay Nineties (1890–1899)
- Progressive Era (1890s–1920s)
- Panic of 1893 (1893–1894)
## Births
- January 2 – Robert Nathan, poet and novelist (died 1985)
- January 11 – Alexander Hall, film director, film editor and theater actor (died 1968)
- January 20 – Walter Piston, composer (died 1976)
- January 31
- Percy Helton, screen actor (died 1971)
- Isham Jones, bandleader and composer (died 1956)
- February 1
- John Ford, film director (died 1973)
- Dick Merrill, aviation pioneer (died 1982)
- February 3 – Norman Rockwell, painter and illustrator (died 1978)
- February 14 – Jack Benny, actor and comedian (died 1974)
- February 18 – Paul Williams, architect (died 1980)
- February 22 – Enid Markey, actress (died 1981)
- February 25 – Frank P. Briggs, U.S. Senator from Missouri from 1945 to 1947 (died 1992)
- February 28 – Ben Hecht, playwright and film writer (died 1964)
- March 14 – Osa Johnson (née Leighty), adventurer and filmmaker, wife of Martin Johnson (died 1953)
- March 17 – Paul Green, playwright (died 1981)
- March 19 – Moms Mabley, African American comedian (died 1975)
- March 31 – Francis T. Maloney, U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1935 to 1945 (died 1945)
- April 3 – Dooley Wilson, African American pianist and singer (died 1953)
- April 15 – Bessie Smith, African American blues singer (died 1937)
- April 19 – Elizabeth Dilling, right-wing political activist (died 1966)
- May 2 – Norma Talmadge, silent film actress (died 1957)
- May 5 – August Dvorak, educational psychologist (died 1975)
- May 11 – Martha Graham, dancer and choreographer (died 1991)
- May 15 – Eddie Stumpf, baseball player (died 1978)
- May 16 – Walter Yust, encyclopædia editor (died 1960)
- May 27 – Dashiell Hammett, detective fiction writer (died 1961)
- May 31 – Fred Allen, comedian (died 1956)
- June 5 – James Glenn Beall, U.S. Senator from Maryland from 1953 to 1965 (died 1971)
- June 23 – Alfred Kinsey, biologist, professor of entomology and zoology and sexologist, founder of the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University (Bloomington) in 1947 (died 1956)
- June 28 – Arthur Dewey Struble, admiral (died 1983)
- July 9 – Phelps Putnam, poet (died 1948)
- July 20 – Wiley Rutledge, jurist (died 1949)
- July 26 – Aldous Huxley, philosopher and author of Brave New World (died 1963)
- August 3 – Harry Heilmann, baseball player (died 1951)
- August 12 – Dick Calkins, comic book writer (Buck Rogers) (died 1962)
- August 16 – George Meany, labor leader (died 1980)
- August 29 – Henry Dworshak, U.S. Senator from Idaho from 1946 to 1949 and from 1949 to 1962 (died 1962)
- September 6 – Howard Pease, adventure novelist (died 1974)
- September 7 – George Waggner, film director, producer and actor (died 1984)
- September 12 – Billy Gilbert, comedian and actor (died 1971)
- September 19 – Rachel Field, author and poet (died 1942)[3]
- September 24 – Harry B. Liversedge, general (died 1951)
- September 25 – J. Mayo Williams, African American blues music producer (died 1980])
- September 26 – Vaughn De Leath, crooner, "The Original Radio Girl" (died 1943)
- October 2 – Thomas L. Sprague, admiral (died 1972)
- October 4 – Patrick V. McNamara, U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1955 to 1966 (died 1966)
- October 7 – Del Lord, film director (died 1970)
- October 9 – Ernest McFarland, U.S. Senator from Arizona from 1941 to 1953 (died 1984)
- October 14 – E. E. Cummings, poet and painter (died 1962)
- October 18 – H. L. Davis, fiction writer (died 1960)
- November 5
- Jan Garber, jazz bandleader (died 1977)
- Beardsley Ruml, economist and tax plan author (died 1960)
- November 8 – Claude Beck, cardiac surgeon (died 1971)
- November 23 – Andrew Frank Schoeppel, U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1949 to 1962 (died 1962)
- November 26 – Norbert Wiener, mathematician (died 1964)
- November 28 – Henry Hazlitt, journalist and economist (died 1993)
- December 5 – Philip K. Wrigley, business and sports executive (died 1977)
- December 8
- E. C. Segar, cartoonist, creator of Popeye (died 1938)
- James Thurber, cartoonist and humorous writer (died 1961)
- December 15 – Felix Stump, admiral (died 1972)
- December 17 – Arthur Fiedler, orchestral conductor (died 1979)
- December 26 – Jean Toomer (Nathan Eugene Pinchback Toomer), African American poet and novelist (died 1967)
- December 29 – J. Lister Hill, U.S. Senator from Alabama from 1938 to 1969 (died 1984)
## Deaths
- January 15 – Henry Mower Rice, U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1858 to 1863 (born 1816)
- February 4 – Morton S. Wilkinson, U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1859 to 1865 (born 1819)
- February 28 – James W. McDill, U.S. Senator from Iowa from 1881 to 1883 (born 1834)
- March 2
- Jubal Early, Confederate general (born 1816)
- William H. Osborn, railroad tycoon (born 1820)
- March 3 – Ned Williamson, baseball player (born 1857)
- March 26 – Alfred H. Colquitt, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1883 to 1894 (born 1824)
- March 28 – George Ticknor Curtis, author, lawyer and historian (born 1812)
- April 7 – Benjamin Franklin King Jr., poet and humorist (born 1857)
- April 14 – Zebulon Baird Vance, Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, U.S. Senator (born 1830)
- April 15 – James Harvey, U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1874 to 1877 (born 1833)
- April 30 – Francis B. Stockbridge, U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1887 to 1894 (born 1826)
- June 17 – William Hart, landscape painter (born 1823 in Scotland)
- June 20 – Bishop W. Perkins, U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1892 to 1893 (born 1841)
- June 24 – George Peter Alexander Healy, American portrait painter (born 1813)
- July 19 – William B. Avery, Union Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient (born 1840)
- August 15 – Arthur Rotch, architect (born 1850)
- October 7 – Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., physician and writer (born 1809)
- October 15 – Macon Bolling Allen, first African American to become a lawyer, argue before a jury, and hold a judicial position in the United States (born 1816).
- October 18 – William F. Raynolds, military engineer (born 1820)
- September 1
- Boston Corbett, England-born Union Army soldier who shot and killed Abraham Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth (born 1832)
- Samuel J. Kirkwood, U.S. Senator from Iowa from 1881 to 1882 (born 1813)
- November 30 – Joseph E. Brown, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1880 to 1891 (born 1821)
- December 19 – James L. Alcorn, U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1871 to 1877 (born 1816)
|
enwiki/24806222
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enwiki
| 24,806,222
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1894 in the United States
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894_in_the_United_States
|
2025-03-03T10:20:22Z
|
en
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Q3700612
| 193,575
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Yearbox US|1894}}
{{Year in U.S. states and territories|1894}}
Events from the year '''1894 in the United States'''.
== Incumbents ==
=== [[Federal government of the United States|Federal government]] ===
* [[President of the United States|President]]: [[Grover Cleveland]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[New York (state)|New York]])
* [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]: [[Adlai E. Stevenson I]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[Illinois]])
* [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]]: [[Melville Fuller]] ([[Illinois]])
* [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House of Representatives]]: [[Charles Frederick Crisp]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]])
* [[United States Congress|Congress]]: [[53rd United States Congress|53rd]]
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! [[Governor (United States)|Governor]]s and [[Lieutenant governor (United States)|lieutenant governor]]s
|-
|
=== Governors ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Governor of Alabama]]: [[Thomas G. Jones]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until December 1), [[William C. Oates]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting December 1)
* [[Governor of Arkansas]]: [[William Meade Fishback]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of California]]: [[Henry Markham]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Colorado]]: [[Davis Hanson Waite]] (People's)
* [[Governor of Connecticut]]: [[Luzon B. Morris]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Delaware]]: [[Robert J. Reynolds]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Florida]]: [[Henry L. Mitchell]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Georgia]]: [[William J. Northen]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until October 27), [[William Yates Atkinson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting October 27)
* [[Governor of Idaho]]: [[William J. McConnell]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Illinois]]: [[John Peter Altgeld]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Indiana]]: [[Claude Matthews]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Iowa]]: [[Horace Boies]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until January 11), [[Frank D. Jackson]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting January 11)
* [[Governor of Kansas]]: [[Lorenzo D. Lewelling]] ([[Populist Party (United States)|Populist]])
* [[Governor of Kentucky]]: [[John Y. Brown (politician, born 1835)|John Y. Brown]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Louisiana]]: [[Murphy J. Foster|Murphy James Foster Sr.]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Maine]]: [[Henry B. Cleaves]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Maryland]]: [[Frank Brown (governor)|Frank Brown]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Massachusetts]]: [[William E. Russell (politician)|William E. Russell]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until January 4), [[Frederic T. Greenhalge]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting January 4)
* [[Governor of Michigan]]: [[John T. Rich]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Minnesota]]: [[Knute Nelson]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Mississippi]]: [[John M. Stone]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Missouri]]: [[William Joel Stone]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Montana]]: [[John E. Rickards]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Nebraska]]: [[Lorenzo Crounse]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Nevada]]: [[Roswell K. Colcord]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of New Hampshire]]: [[John Butler Smith]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of New Jersey]]: [[George Theodore Werts]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of New York]]: [[Roswell P. Flower]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until end of December 31)
* [[Governor of North Carolina]]: [[Elias Carr]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of North Dakota]]: [[Eli C. D. Shortridge]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])/([[Independent (politician)|Independent]])
* [[Governor of Ohio]]: [[William McKinley]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Oregon]]: [[Sylvester Pennoyer]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Pennsylvania]]: [[Robert E. Pattison]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Rhode Island]]: [[D. Russell Brown]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of South Carolina]]: [[Benjamin Ryan Tillman]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until December 4), [[John Gary Evans]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting December 4)
* [[Governor of South Dakota]]: [[Charles H. Sheldon]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of Tennessee]]: [[Peter Turney]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Texas]]: [[James Stephen Hogg]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Vermont]]: [[Levi K. Fuller]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (until October 4), [[Urban A. Woodbury]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting October 4)
* [[Governor of Virginia]]: [[Philip W. McKinney]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until January 1), [[Charles Triplett O'Ferrall]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting January 1)
* [[Governor of Washington]]: [[John McGraw (governor)|John McGraw]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Governor of West Virginia]]: [[William A. MacCorkle]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Wisconsin]]: [[George Wilbur Peck|George W. Peck]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Governor of Wyoming]]: [[John E. Osborne]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
}}
=== Lieutenant governors ===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Lieutenant Governor of California]]: [[John B. Reddick]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Colorado]]: [[David Hopkinson Nichols]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut]]: [[Ernest Cady]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Idaho]]: [[F. B. Willis]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Illinois]]: [[Joseph B. Gill]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Indiana]]: [[Mortimer Nye]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Iowa]]: [[Samuel L. Bestow]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until January 11), [[Warren S. Dungan]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting January 11)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Kansas]]: [[Percy Daniels]] (Populist)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky]]: [[Mitchell Cary Alford]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana]]: [[Hiram R. Lott]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts]]: [[Roger Wolcott (Massachusetts politician)|Roger Wolcott]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]]: [[John Strong (Michigan politician)|John Strong]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until month and day unknown), [[J. Wight Giddings]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting month and day unknown)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota]]: [[Gideon S. Ives]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (until month and day unknown), [[David M. Clough]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting month and day unknown)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi]]: [[M. M. Evans]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Missouri]]: [[Stephen Hugh Claycomb]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until January 9), [[John Baptiste O'Meara|John B. O'Meara]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting January 9)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Montana]]: [[John E. Rickards]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (until month and day unknown), [[Alexander Campbell Botkin]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting month and day unknown)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska]]: [[Thomas J. Majors]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Nevada]]: Joseph Poujade (political party unknown)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of New York]]: [[William F. Sheehan]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until end of December 31)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina]]: vacant (until month and day unknown), [[Rufus A. Doughton]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota]]: Elmer D. Wallace ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Ohio]]: [[Andrew L. Harris]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania]]: [[Louis Arthur Watres]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island]]: [[Melville Bull]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (until month and day unknown), [[Edwin Allen (Rhode Island)|Edwin Allen]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting month and day unknown)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina]]: [[Washington H. Timmerman]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota]]: [[Charles N. Herreid]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee]]: [[William C. Dismukes]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Texas]]: [[Martin McNulty Crane]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Vermont]]: [[F. Stewart Stranahan]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (until October 4), [[Zophar M. Mansur]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting October 4)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Virginia]]: [[James Hoge Tyler]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until month and day unknown), [[Robert Craig Kent]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown)
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Washington]]: [[F. H. Luce]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]])
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin]]: [[Charles Jonas (Wisconsin politician)|Charles Jonas]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until month and day unknown), vacant (starting month and day unknown)
}}
|}
==Events==
* January 7 – [[William Kennedy Dickson]] receives a patent for [[motion picture]] film.
* January 9 – [[New England Telephone and Telegraph]] installs the first [[Battery (electricity)|battery]]-operated [[telephone switchboard]], in [[Lexington, Massachusetts]].
* February 7 – 5-month [[Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894]] begins
* February 9 – [[Milton S. Hershey]] establishes the [[Hershey Chocolate Company]] in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]].
* February 17 – Outlaw [[John Wesley Hardin]] is released from prison.
* March 12 – [[Coca-Cola]] is sold in bottles for the first time.
* March 25 – [[Coxey's Army]], the first significant American protest march, departs from [[Massillon, Ohio]] for [[Washington, D.C.]]
* April 21 – A [[Bituminous Coal Miners' Strike of 1894|bituminous coal miners' strike]] closes mines across the central US.
* May 1
**[[Coxey's Army]] arrives in Washington, D.C.
**The [[May Day Riots of 1894]] break out in [[Cleveland, Ohio]].
* May 11 – [[Pullman Strike]]: Three thousand [[Pullman Palace Car Company]] workers go on a "wildcat" (without [[trade union|union]] approval) strike to protest lowered wages without an equivalent reduction in expenses charged in the company town of [[Pullman, Chicago]].
* July – A fire at the site of the 1893 [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in [[Chicago]] destroys most of the remaining buildings.
* July 4 – The short-lived [[Republic of Hawaii]] is proclaimed by [[Sanford B. Dole]].
* August 6 – [[William C. Oates]] is [[1894 Alabama gubernatorial election|elected]] the 29th [[governor of Alabama]] defeating [[Reuben Kolb]].
* September 1 – [[Great Hinckley Fire]]: A [[forest fire]] in [[Hinckley, Minnesota]] kills more than 450 people.
* September 4 – In [[New York City]], 12,000 tailors [[Strike action|strike]] against [[sweatshop]] working conditions.
* October 3 – [[Pomfret School]] is founded in Connecticut.
* November 1 – The first issue of [[Billboard (magazine)|'' Billboard'' magazine]] is published in Cincinnati, Ohio by [[William Donaldson]] and James Hennegan. Initially, it covers the advertising and bill posting industry, and is at the time known as ''Billboard Advertising''.
* November 5 – [[West Palm Beach, Florida]] is incorporated as a city.
* November 6 – Republican win by a landslide in the [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1894|House of Representatives elections]], which sets the stage for the decisive [[1896 United States presidential election|1896 presidential election]].
* December 1 – [[William C. Oates]] is sworn in as the 29th [[governor of Alabama]] replacing [[Thomas G. Jones]].<ref>Ala. General Assembly. ''Journal of the House of Representatives''. 1894–1895 sess., [https://archive.org/details/alabama-house-journal-1894-1895/HJ_1894_1895/page/n251/ 254], accessed July 28, 2023</ref>
* [[December 6]] – [[Kate Chopin]]'s feminist short story "[[The Story of an Hour]]" is first published, in the magazine ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''.
===Undated===
* Oil is discovered on the Osage Indian reservation, making the [[Osage Nation|Osage]] the "richest group of people in the world".
* The [[Society of Beaux-Arts Architects]] is founded.
* The [[Pershing Rifles|National Society of Pershing Rifles]] is founded at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
* Chatham Episcopal Institute (modern-day [[Chatham Hall]]) is founded as a girls' college-preparatory boarding school in [[Chatham, Virginia]].
* Frederick W. Tamblyn founds Tamblyn Studio & School of Penmanship which later becomes Ziller of Kansas City, the oldest [[calligraphy]] studio in the U.S.
* [[National Civic League]] established.<ref name="Cocks2009">{{cite book|first=Catherine|last=Cocks|title=Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era|year=2009|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|isbn=978-0-8108-6293-7|chapter=Chronology|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pvxD_LjXVRMC&pg=PR13 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
* [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] defeat [[Baltimore Orioles (19th century)|Baltimore Orioles]] 4 games to 0 to win the First [[Temple Cup]] in the [[National League of Professional Baseball Clubs]].
===Ongoing===
* [[Gilded Age]] (1869–c. 1896)
* [[Gay Nineties]] (1890–1899)
* [[Progressive Era]] (1890s–1920s)
* [[Panic of 1893]] (1893–1894)
==Births==
* January 2 – [[Robert Nathan]], poet and novelist (died [[1985 in the United States|1985]])
* January 11 – [[Alexander Hall]], film director, film editor and theater actor (died [[1968 in the United States|1968]])
* January 20 – [[Walter Piston]], composer (died [[1976 in the United States|1976]])
* January 31
** [[Percy Helton]], screen actor (died [[1971 in the United States|1971]])
** [[Isham Jones]], bandleader and composer (died [[1956 in the United States|1956]])
* February 1
** [[John Ford]], film director (died [[1973 in the United States|1973]])
** [[Dick Merrill]], aviation pioneer (died [[1982 in the United States|1982]])
* February 3 – [[Norman Rockwell]], painter and illustrator (died [[1978 in the United States|1978]])
* February 14 – [[Jack Benny]], actor and comedian (died [[1974 in the United States|1974]])
* February 18 – [[Paul Williams (architect)|Paul Williams]], architect (died [[1980 in the United States|1980]])
* February 22 – [[Enid Markey]], actress (died [[1981 in the United States|1981]])
* February 25 – [[Frank P. Briggs]], U.S. Senator from Missouri from 1945 to 1947 (died [[1992 in the United States|1992]])
* February 28 – [[Ben Hecht]], playwright and film writer (died [[1964 in the United States|1964]])
* March 14 – [[Martin and Osa Johnson|Osa Johnson]] (née Leighty), adventurer and filmmaker, wife of [[Martin and Osa Johnson|Martin Johnson]] (died [[1953 in the United States|1953]])
* March 17 – [[Paul Green (playwright)|Paul Green]], playwright (died 1981)
* March 19 – [[Moms Mabley]], African American comedian (died [[1975 in the United States|1975]])
* March 31 – [[Francis T. Maloney]], U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1935 to 1945 (died [[1945 in the United States|1945]])
* April 3 – [[Dooley Wilson]], African American pianist and singer (died 1953)
* April 15 – [[Bessie Smith]], African American blues singer (died [[1937 in the United States|1937]])
* April 19 – [[Elizabeth Dilling]], right-wing political activist (died [[1966 in the United States|1966]])
* May 2 – [[Norma Talmadge]], silent film actress (died [[1957 in the United States|1957]])
* May 5 – [[August Dvorak]], educational psychologist (died 1975)
* May 11 – [[Martha Graham]], dancer and choreographer (died [[1991 in the United States|1991]])
* May 15 – [[Eddie Stumpf]], baseball player (died [[1978 in the United States|1978]])
* May 16 – [[Walter Yust]], encyclopædia editor (died [[1960 in the United States|1960]])
* May 27 – [[Dashiell Hammett]], detective fiction writer (died [[1961 in the United States|1961]])
* May 31 – [[Fred Allen]], comedian (died 1956)
* June 5 – [[James Glenn Beall]], U.S. Senator from Maryland from 1953 to 1965 (died 1971)
* June 23 – [[Alfred Kinsey]], biologist, professor of entomology and zoology and sexologist, founder of the [[Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction|Institute for Sex Research]] at [[Indiana University]] (Bloomington) in 1947 (died [[1956 in the United States|1956]])
* June 28 – [[Arthur Dewey Struble]], admiral (died [[1983 in the United States|1983]])
* July 9 – [[Phelps Putnam]], poet (died [[1948 in the United States|1948]])
* July 20 – [[Wiley Rutledge]], jurist (died [[1949 in the United States|1949]])
* July 26 – [[Aldous Huxley]], philosopher and author of Brave New World (died [[1963 in the United States|1963]])
* August 3 – [[Harry Heilmann]], baseball player (died [[1951 in the United States|1951]])
* August 12 – [[Dick Calkins]], comic book writer (''[[Buck Rogers]]'') (died [[1962 in the United States|1962]])
* August 16 – [[George Meany]], labor leader (died 1980)
* August 29 – [[Henry Dworshak]], U.S. Senator from Idaho from 1946 to 1949 and from 1949 to 1962 (died [[1962 in the United States|1962]])
* September 6 – [[Howard Pease]], adventure novelist (died 1974)
* September 7 – [[George Waggner]], film director, producer and actor (died [[1984 in the United States|1984]])
* September 12 – [[Billy Gilbert]], comedian and actor (died 1971)
* September 19 – [[Rachel Field]], author and poet (died [[1942 in the United States|1942]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Fordyce|first=Rachel|chapter=Field, Rachel (Lyman)|editor-first=D.L.|editor-last=Kirkpatrick|title=Twentieth-century Children's Writers|location=London|publisher=Macmillan|year=1978|isbn=978-0-33323-414-3|page=445}}</ref>
* September 24 – [[Harry B. Liversedge]], general (died 1951)
* September 25 – [[J. Mayo Williams]], African American blues music producer (died 1980])
* September 26 – [[Vaughn De Leath]], crooner, "The Original Radio Girl" (died [[1943 in the United States|1943]])
* October 2 – [[Thomas L. Sprague]], admiral (died [[1972 in the United States|1972]])
* October 4 – [[Patrick V. McNamara]], U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1955 to 1966 (died [[1966 in the United States|1966]])
* October 7 – [[Del Lord]], film director (died [[1970 in the United States|1970]])
* October 9 – [[Ernest McFarland]], U.S. Senator from Arizona from 1941 to 1953 (died 1984)
* October 14 – [[E. E. Cummings]], poet and painter (died [[1962 in the United States|1962]])
* October 18 – [[H. L. Davis]], fiction writer (died 1960)
* November 5
** [[Jan Garber]], [[jazz]] bandleader (died [[1977 in the United States|1977]])
** [[Beardsley Ruml]], economist and tax plan author (died [[1960 in the United States|1960]])
* November 8 – [[Claude Beck]], cardiac surgeon (died [[1971 in the United States|1971]])
* November 23 – [[Andrew Frank Schoeppel]], U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1949 to 1962 (died [[1962 in the United States|1962]])
* November 26 – [[Norbert Wiener]], mathematician (died 1964)
* November 28 – [[Henry Hazlitt]], journalist and economist (died [[1993 in the United States|1993]])
* December 5 – [[Philip K. Wrigley]], business and sports executive (died [[1977 in the United States|1977]])
* December 8
** [[E. C. Segar]], cartoonist, creator of [[Popeye]] (died [[1938 in the United States|1938]])
** [[James Thurber]], cartoonist and humorous writer (died [[1961 in the United States|1961]])
* December 15 – [[Felix Stump]], admiral (died 1972)
* December 17 – [[Arthur Fiedler]], orchestral conductor (died [[1979 in the United States|1979]])
* December 26 – [[Jean Toomer]] (Nathan Eugene Pinchback Toomer), African American poet and novelist (died [[1967 in the United States|1967]])
* December 29 – [[J. Lister Hill]], U.S. Senator from Alabama from 1938 to 1969 (died 1984)
==Deaths==
* January 15 – [[Henry Mower Rice]], U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1858 to 1863 (born [[1816 in the United States|1816]])
* February 4 – [[Morton S. Wilkinson]], U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1859 to 1865 (born [[1819 in the United States|1819]])
* February 28 – [[James W. McDill]], U.S. Senator from Iowa from 1881 to 1883 (born [[1834 in the United States|1834]])
* March 2
** [[Jubal Early]], Confederate general (born [[1816 in the United States|1816]])
** [[William H. Osborn]], railroad tycoon (born [[1820 in the United States|1820]])
* March 3 – [[Ned Williamson]], baseball player (born [[1857 in the United States|1857]])
* March 26 – [[Alfred H. Colquitt]], U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1883 to 1894 (born [[1824 in the United States|1824]])
* March 28 – [[George Ticknor Curtis]], author, lawyer and historian (born [[1812 in the United States|1812]])
* April 7 – [[Benjamin Franklin King Jr.]], poet and humorist (born [[1857 in the United States|1857]])
* April 14 – [[Zebulon Baird Vance]], Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, U.S. Senator (born [[1830 in the United States|1830]])
* April 15 – [[James M. Harvey (politician)|James Harvey]], U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1874 to 1877 (born [[1833 in the United States|1833]])
* April 30 – [[Francis B. Stockbridge]], U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1887 to 1894 (born [[1826 in the United States|1826]])
* June 17 – [[William Hart (painter)|William Hart]], landscape painter (born [[1823 in Scotland]])
* June 20 – [[Bishop W. Perkins]], U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1892 to 1893 (born [[1841 in the United States|1841]])
* June 24 – [[George Peter Alexander Healy]], American portrait painter (born [[1813 in the United States|1813]])
* July 19 – [[William B. Avery]], [[Union Army]] soldier and [[Medal of Honor]] recipient (born [[1840 in the United States|1840]])
* August 15 – [[Arthur Rotch]], architect (born [[1850 in the United States|1850]])
* October 7 – [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.]], physician and writer (born [[1809 in the United States|1809]])
* October 15 – [[Macon Bolling Allen]], first [[African Americans|African American]] to become a lawyer, argue before a jury, and hold a judicial position in the United States (born [[1816]]).
* October 18 – [[William F. Raynolds]], military engineer (born [[1820 in the United States|1820]])
* September 1
** [[Boston Corbett]], England-born Union Army soldier who shot and killed [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s [[Assassination of Abraham Lincoln|assassin]], [[John Wilkes Booth]] (born [[1832 in the United Kingdom|1832]])
** [[Samuel J. Kirkwood]], U.S. Senator from Iowa from 1881 to 1882 (born [[1813 in the United States|1813]])
* November 30 – [[Joseph E. Brown]], U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1880 to 1891 (born [[1821 in the United States|1821]])
* December 19 – [[James L. Alcorn]], U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1871 to 1877 (born 1816)
==See also==
* [[List of American films of the 1890s]]
* [[Timeline of United States history (1860–1899)]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
{{US year nav}}
{{Timeline of United States history}}
{{Year in North America|1894}}
[[Category:1894 in the United States| ]]
[[Category:1890s in the United States]]
[[Category:1894 by country|United States]]
[[Category:1894 in North America|United States]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in the United States]]
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1893 - 1892 - 1891": "1894 \u00b7 in \u00b7 the United States \u00b7 \u2192 - 1895 - 1896 - 1897", "Decades": "1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s", "See also": "History of the United States (1865\u20131918) Timeline of United States history (1860\u20131899) List of years in the United States"}}]
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# 1540 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1540.
## Events
- July 22 – Klemens Janicki is appointed poeta laureatus by Pope Paul III.[1]
- December 13 – John Standish's religious work A lytle treatyse is printed by Elisabeth Pickering, the first work known to be printed in London by a woman.[2]
- unknown dates
- The first known book from the first printing press in North America, set up in Mexico City, is published, Manual de Adultos.[3]
- Sir David Lyndsay's Middle Scots satirical morality play A Satire of the Three Estates is given a private first performance.
- Lazare de Baif travels with Pierre de Ronsard to Alsace, where they meet northern humanists.[4]
## New books
### Prose
- Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo – Amadis de Gaula Book 1 (translated into French by Nicolas de Herberay des Essarts at request of Francis I of France)
- Hector Boece – Historia Scotorum (translated into Middle Scots by John Bellenden at request of James V of Scotland)
- Rösslin – The Byrth of Mankynde (De partu hominis, translation attributed to Richard Jonas) [5]
- Georg Joachim Rheticus – De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima (abstract of Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium)
### Poetry
- Tontada Siddhesavara – Shatsthala Jnanamrita[6]
- Souterliedekens (Dutch metrical psalter dedicated to and perhaps compiled by Willem van Zuylen van Nijevelt)
Approximate year
- Sir Thomas More – Lady Fortune[7]
- Girolamo Schola – Capituli di M. Girolamo Schola sopra varii suggetti[8]
## Births
- January 26 – Florent Chrestien, French satirist and Latin poet (died 1596)
- June 11 – Barnabe Googe, English pastoral poet and translator (died 1594)
- unknown dates
- Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme, French soldier, historian and poet (died 1614)
- Rhys Cain, Welsh-language poet (died 1614)
- Frei Agostinho da Cruz (brother of Diogo Bernardes), Portuguese poet (died 1619)[9]
## Deaths
- May 6 – Juan Luis Vives, Spanish humanist polymath (born 1493) This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Vives, Juan Luis". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- May 22 – Francesco Guicciardini, Italian historian and statesman (born 1483)
- October 5 – Helius Eobanus Hessus, German Latin poet (born 1488)
- October – Robert Redman, London printer[2]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1540|literature}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2020}}
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1540.
==Events==
*[[July 22]] – [[Klemens Janicki]] is appointed ''[[Poet Laureate|poeta laureatus]]'' by [[Pope Paul III]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John Flood|title=Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B1ujbUq3NOcC&pg=PA947|date=8 September 2011|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-091274-6|pages=947}}</ref>
*[[December 13]] – John Standish's religious work ''{{proper name|A lytle treatyse}}'' is printed by [[Elisabeth Pickering]], the first work known to be printed in London by a woman.<ref name=Pickering>{{cite book|author1=Carole Levin|author2=Anna Riehl Bertolet|author3=Jo Eldridge Carney|title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives and Memorable Acts, 1500-1650|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDglDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA242|date=3 November 2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-315-44071-2|pages=242–}}</ref>
*''unknown dates''
**The first known book from the first printing press in [[North America]], set up in [[Mexico City]], is published, ''Manual de Adultos''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Press in Colonial America |work=A Publisher’s History of American Magazines — Background and Beginnings |url=http://www.themagazinist.com/uploads/Part_4_Colonial_Printers_and_Papers.pdf |access-date=2013-08-22 |archive-date=2016-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627035434/http://themagazinist.com/uploads/Part_4_Colonial_Printers_and_Papers.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
**Sir [[David Lyndsay (poet)|David Lyndsay]]'s [[Middle Scots]] [[satirical]] [[morality play]] ''[[A Satire of the Three Estates]]'' is given a private first performance.
**[[Lazare de Baif]] travels with [[Pierre de Ronsard]] to [[Alsace]], where they meet northern humanists.<ref>{{Cite book |editor=Weinberg, Bernard |title=French Poetry of the Renaissance |location=Carbondale, Ill. |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |edition=5th |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-8093-0135-5 |chapter=Pierre de Ronsard |page=70}}</ref>
==New books==
===Prose===
[[File:De partu hominis V00223 00000004.tif|thumb|''{{proper name|De partu hominis}}'']]
*[[Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo]] – {{lang|pt|[[Amadis de Gaula]]}} Book 1 (translated into French by [[Nicolas de Herberay des Essarts]] at request of [[Francis I of France]])
*[[Hector Boece]] – ''Historia Scotorum'' (translated into [[Middle Scots]] by [[John Bellenden]] at request of [[James V of Scotland]])
*[[Eucharius Rösslin|Rösslin]] – ''The Byrth of Mankynde'' (''{{lang|la|De partu hominis}}'', translation attributed to Richard Jonas) <ref>First printed book in English on [[obstetrics]] and first book published in England with engraved plates. {{cite journal |title=The ''Byrth of Mankynde'' (Its Author and Editions) |pages=297–325 |first=J. W. |last=Ballantyne |doi=10.1111/j.1471-0528.1906.tb12722.x |pmc=5413625 |journal=The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire |volume=10 |issue=4 |date=October 1906 |pmid=29612085}}</ref>
*[[Georg Joachim Rheticus]] – ''[[Narratio Prima|De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima]]'' (abstract of [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]]' ''[[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]]'')
===Poetry===
{{Main|1540 in poetry}}
*Tontada Siddhesavara – ''Shatsthala Jnanamrita''<ref>{{cite book |last=Sastri |first=K. A. Nilakanta |title=A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar |orig-year=1955 |year=2002 |publisher=Indian Branch, Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-19-560686-7 |page=362}}</ref>
*''[[Souterliedekens]]'' ([[Dutch language|Dutch]] [[metrical psalter]] dedicated to and perhaps compiled by Willem van Zuylen van Nijevelt)
''Approximate year''
*Sir [[Thomas More]] – ''Lady Fortune''<ref name=cocel>{{cite book |editor=Cox, Michael |title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-860634-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordchr00coxm}}</ref>
*Girolamo Schola – {{Lang|it|Capituli di M. Girolamo Schola sopra varii suggetti}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/rarebooks/italian_poems_1540.htm |title=Poems on everyday things |publisher=[[Bodleian Library]] |location=Oxford |access-date=2008-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909110701/http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/rarebooks/italian_poems_1540.htm |archive-date=2007-09-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Births==
*[[January 26]] – [[Florent Chrestien]], French satirist and [[Latin]] poet (died [[1596 in literature|1596]])
*[[June 11]] – [[Barnabe Googe]], English pastoral poet and translator (died [[1594 in literature|1594]])
*''unknown dates''
**[[Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme]], French soldier, historian and poet (died [[1614 in literature|1614]])
**[[Rhys Cain]], [[Welsh-language]] poet (died 1614)
**Frei Agostinho da Cruz (brother of Diogo Bernardes), Portuguese poet (died [[1619 in literature|1619]])<ref name=npepap>{{cite book |author=Preminger, Alex|author2=Brogan, T. V. F. |title=The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics |year=1993 |location=New York |publisher=MJF Books/Fine Communications |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
==Deaths==
*[[May 6]] – [[Juan Luis Vives]], Spanish humanist polymath (born [[15th century in literature|1493]]){{EB1911|wstitle=Vives, Juan Luis}}
*[[May 22]] – [[Francesco Guicciardini]], Italian historian and statesman (born [[15th century in literature|1483]])
*[[October 5]] – [[Helius Eobanus Hessus]], German Latin poet (born [[15th century in literature|1488]])
*October – Robert Redman, London printer<ref name=Pickering/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Year in literature article categories}}
| 1,272,623,778
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[]
| false
|
# 1660 in Norway
Events in the year 1660 in Norway.
## Incumbents
- Monarch: Frederick III.[1]
## Events
- January - Swedish forces laid siege the town of Halden.
- 22 February - The siege of Halden ends, and the Swedish forces retreat to Bohuslen.
- 27 May - Trondhjems len was returned to Norway, following the Treaty of Copenhagen (after having been ceded to Sweden at the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658).
- 8 December - Ove Bjelke became Chancellor of Norway.
- 24 December - Claus von Ahlefeldt was appointed commander-in-chief of the Norwegian army.
## Births
- 4 November – Albert Angell, civil servant, landowner and businessperson (died 1705).[2]
- Vincens Budde, military officer (died 1729).[3]
- Henrik Adeler, civil servant and politician (died 1718).[4]
### Probable
- Ragnhild Abelset, merchant, landowner and lensmann (died 1733).[5]
|
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| 36,120,915
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1660_in_Norway
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2024-12-09T05:55:10Z
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en
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Q4551628
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates |date=December 2023}}
{{Year in Norway|1660}}
Events in the year '''[[1660]] in [[Norway]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[List of Norwegian monarchs|Monarch]]: [[Frederick III of Denmark|Frederick III]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Frederik 3. |first=Øystein |last=Rian |first2=Magnus A. |last2=Mardal |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Bolstad | editor-first=Erik |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=https://snl.no/Frederik_3._-_dansk-norsk_konge |language=no |access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref>
==Events==
*January - Swedish forces [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)#Bohuslän and Frederikshald|laid siege the town of Halden]].
*22 February - The siege of Halden ends, and the Swedish forces retreat to [[Bohuslen]].
*27 May - [[Trøndelag|Trondhjems len]] was returned to Norway, following the [[Treaty of Copenhagen (1660)|Treaty of Copenhagen]] (after having been ceded to Sweden at the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] in [[1658 in Norway|1658]]).
*8 December - [[Ove Bjelke]] became [[Chancellor of Norway]].
*24 December - [[Claus von Ahlefeldt]] was appointed [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Norwegian army]].
==Arts and literature==
{{main|1660 in art|1660 in literature}}
==Births==
[[File:Albert Lorentzen Angell (1660 - 1705) (3611228138).jpg |thumb |right |100 px |[[Albert Angell]]]]
*4 November – [[Albert Angell]], civil servant, landowner and businessperson (died [[1705 in Norway|1705]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Albert Angell |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]|first=Ida |last=Bull |editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Albert_Angell/utdypning |language=no |access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref>
*[[Vincens Budde]], military officer (died [[1729 in Norway|1729]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Vincents Budde
|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |location=Oslo|editor-last=Godal | editor-first=Anne Marit | editor-link=Anne Marit Godal |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |url=http://www.snl.no/Vincents_Budde |language=no|access-date=29 October 2012}}</ref>
*[[Henrik Adeler]], civil servant and politician (died [[1718 in Norway|1718]]).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1887–1905 |title=Adeler, Henrik |last=Huitfeldt-Kaas |first=H. J. |author-link=Henrik Jørgen Huitfeldt-Kaas |encyclopedia=[[Dansk biografisk Lexikon]] |publisher=Gyldendalske boghandels forlag |location=Copenhagen |url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/1/0112.html |editor-last=Bricka |editor-first=Carl Frederik |editor-link=Carl Frederik Bricka |volume=I |page=94 |language=Danish |access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref>
===Probable===
*[[Ragnhild Abelset]], merchant, landowner and lensmann (died [[1733 in Norway|1733]]).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Ragnhild Abelset |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]] |first=Bjørn Jonson |last=Dale |editor-link=Knut Helle |editor-last=Helle |editor-first=Knut |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Ragnhild_Abelset |language=Norwegian |access-date=20 April 2021 }}</ref>
==Deaths==
{{main|Deaths in 1660}}
{{Further|Category:1660 deaths}}
==See also==
{{Portal bar|Norway|History|Lists}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Norway during the union with Denmark nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1660}}
[[Category:1660 in Norway| ]]
| 1,262,024,945
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1659 - 1658 - 1657": "1660 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Norway \u00b7 \u2192 - 1661 - 1662 - 1663", "Centuries": "16th 17th 18th 19th", "Decades": "1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s", "See also": "1660 in Denmark \u00b7 List of years in Norway"}}]
| false
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# 1871 Serbian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Serbia on 6 August 1871.
## Background
Following the promulgation of the 1869 constitution, elections were held in 1870 for an extraordinary Legislative Assembly to pass legislation that conformed to the new constitution.
It was dissolved after completing its work, which included a new electoral law setting the size of the National Assembly at 115 members, of which 97 were to be elected and 18 appointed by the monarch.
## Aftermath
The newly elected Assembly convened for the first time on 5 September. Živko Karabiberović became president of the National Assembly while Josif Pančić became vice-president.
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| 77,386,572
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1871 Serbian parliamentary election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1871_Serbian_parliamentary_election
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2024-07-19T23:59:55Z
|
en
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Q31181631
| 65,064
|
{{Short description|none}}
{{Politics of Serbia}}
Parliamentary elections were held in [[Serbia]] on 6 August 1871.
==Background==
Following the promulgation of the [[1869 Serbian constitution|1869 constitution]], [[1870 Serbian parliamentary election|elections]] were held in 1870 for an extraordinary Legislative Assembly to pass legislation that conformed to the new constitution.<ref name=P>{{cite web|url=https://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-1NOTCT4O/226dc3cd-bebd-4684-9ffd-78ae18c3d7ce/PDF|author=Cedomil Mitrinović and Milos N. Brasić|title=Yugoslavian National Assembly and Parliaments|year=1937|pages=81–85}}</ref>
It was dissolved after completing its work, which included a new electoral law setting the size of the National Assembly at 115 members, of which 97 were to be elected and 18 appointed by the monarch.<ref name=P/>
==Aftermath==
The newly elected Assembly convened for the first time on 5 September. {{ill|Živko Karabiberović|sr|Живко Карабиберовић}} became [[President of the National Assembly of Serbia|president of the National Assembly]] while [[Josif Pančić]] became vice-president.<ref name=P/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Serbian elections}}
[[Category:Parliamentary elections in Serbia]]
[[Category:1871 elections in Europe|Serbia]]
[[Category:1871 in Serbia|Parliamentary]]
| 1,235,565,834
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[]
| false
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# 1924–25 Western Football League
The 1924–25 season was the 28th in the history of the Western Football League.
This season was the last until the dawn of World War II in which the league consisted of a single division. The champions this season were Yeovil and Petters United. The previous season's runaway winners Lovells Athletic finished bottom of the table.
## Final table
Three new clubs joined the league this season, and the number of clubs increased from eleven to thirteen after Cardiff Corinthians left the league.
- Frome Town, rejoining after leaving the league in 1922.
- Swindon Victoria
- Welton Rovers, rejoining after leaving the league in 1923.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Result |
| --- | ------------------------- | --- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ----- | --- | ----------------------------- |
| 1 | Yeovil and Petters United | 24 | 19 | 3 | 2 | 65 | 20 | 3.250 | 41 | |
| 2 | Weymouth | 24 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 74 | 17 | 4.353 | 39 | |
| 3 | Swindon Victoria | 24 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 51 | 48 | 1.063 | 31 | |
| 4 | Welton Rovers | 24 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 50 | 28 | 1.786 | 28 | |
| 5 | Poole | 24 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 50 | 38 | 1.316 | 28 | |
| 6 | Radstock Town | 24 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 35 | 31 | 1.129 | 27 | |
| 7 | Frome Town | 24 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 50 | 44 | 1.136 | 26 | |
| 8 | Trowbridge Town | 24 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 46 | 37 | 1.243 | 24 | |
| 9 | Paulton Rovers | 24 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 39 | 54 | 0.722 | 19 | |
| 10 | Minehead | 24 | 7 | 1 | 16 | 47 | 74 | 0.635 | 15 | |
| 11 | Bath City Reserves | 24 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 26 | 58 | 0.448 | 13 | |
| 12 | Peasedown St John | 24 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 19 | 65 | 0.292 | 13 | Left at the end of the season |
| 13 | Lovells Athletic | 24 | 1 | 6 | 17 | 25 | 63 | 0.397 | 8 | |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924%E2%80%9325_Western_Football_League
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2024-06-22T10:34:22Z
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Q4561676
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{{Infobox football league season
|competition= [[Western Football League]]
|season= 1924–25
|winners= [[Yeovil Town F.C.|Yeovil and Petters United]]
|promoted=
|relegated=
|matches=
|total goals=
|league topscorer=
|biggest home win=
|biggest away win=
|highest attendance =
|prevseason= [[1923–24 Western Football League|1923–24]]
|nextseason= [[1925–26 Western Football League|1925–26]]
}}
The '''1924–25''' season was the 28th in the history of the [[Western Football League]].
This season was the last until the dawn of [[World War II]] in which the league consisted of a single division. The champions this season were [[Yeovil Town F.C.|Yeovil and Petters United]]. The previous season's runaway winners [[Lovells Athletic F.C.|Lovells Athletic]] finished bottom of the table.<ref name="Robinson">Robinson, Michael (ed.), Non-League Football Tables 1889–2006, Soccer Books, 2006</ref>
==Final table==
Three new clubs joined the league this season, and the number of clubs increased from eleven to thirteen after [[Cardiff Corinthians F.C.|Cardiff Corinthians]] left the league.
*[[Frome Town F.C.|Frome Town]], rejoining after leaving the league in 1922.
*[[Swindon Victoria F.C.|Swindon Victoria]]
*[[Welton Rovers F.C.|Welton Rovers]], rejoining after leaving the league in 1923.
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Result
|show_limit=5
|winpoints=2
|use_goal_ratio=y
|team1=YEO|name_YEO=[[Yeovil Town F.C.|Yeovil and Petters United]]
|team2=WEY|name_WEY=[[Weymouth F.C.|Weymouth]]
|team3=MVI|name_MVI=[[Swindon Victoria F.C.|Swindon Victoria]]
|team4=WLT|name_WLT=[[Welton Rovers F.C.|Welton Rovers]]
|team5=PLT|name_PLT=[[Poole Town F.C.|Poole]]
|team6=RAD|name_RAD=[[Radstock Town F.C.|Radstock Town]]
|team7=FRO|name_FRO=[[Frome Town F.C.|Frome Town]]
|team8=TRO|name_TRO=[[Trowbridge Town F.C.|Trowbridge Town]]
|team9=PAU|name_PAU=[[Paulton Rovers F.C.|Paulton Rovers]]
|team10=MIN|name_MIN=[[Minehead F.C.|Minehead]]
|team11=BAT|name_BAT=[[Bath City F.C.|Bath City]] Reserves
|team12=PSJ|name_PSJ=[[Peasedown Miners Welfare F.C.|Peasedown St John]]
|team13=LOV|name_LOV=[[Lovells Athletic F.C.|Lovells Athletic]]
|win_YEO=19|draw_YEO=3|loss_YEO=2|gf_YEO=65|ga_YEO=20
|win_WEY=18|draw_WEY=3|loss_WEY=3|gf_WEY=74|ga_WEY=17
|win_MVI=14|draw_MVI=3|loss_MVI=7|gf_MVI=51|ga_MVI=48
|win_WLT=9|draw_WLT=10|loss_WLT=5|gf_WLT=50|ga_WLT=28
|win_PLT=11|draw_PLT=6|loss_PLT=7|gf_PLT=50|ga_PLT=38
|win_RAD=9|draw_RAD=9|loss_RAD=6|gf_RAD=35|ga_RAD=31
|win_FRO=10|draw_FRO=6|loss_FRO=8|gf_FRO=50|ga_FRO=44
|win_TRO=9|draw_TRO=6|loss_TRO=9|gf_TRO=46|ga_TRO=37
|win_PAU=6|draw_PAU=7|loss_PAU=11|gf_PAU=39|ga_PAU=54
|win_MIN=7|draw_MIN=1|loss_MIN=16|gf_MIN=47|ga_MIN=74
|win_BAT=4|draw_BAT=5|loss_BAT=15|gf_BAT=26|ga_BAT=58
|win_PSJ=4|draw_PSJ=5|loss_PSJ=15|gf_PSJ=19|ga_PSJ=65
|win_LOV=1|draw_LOV=6|loss_LOV=17|gf_LOV=25|ga_LOV=63
|col_LFT=#ffcccc|text_LFT=Left at the end of the season
|result12=LFT
|class_rules=The system of using [[goal average]] to separate two teams tied on points was used up to and including the 1976–77 season. The points system: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.
|update=complete|source=
}}</onlyinclude>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Western League}}
{{1924–25 in English football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Western Football League, 1924-25}}
[[Category:Western Football League seasons|1924-25]]
[[Category:1924–25 in Welsh football]]
[[Category:1924–25 in English football leagues]]
| 1,230,375,856
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[{"title": "Western Football League", "data": {"Season": "1924\u201325", "Champions": "Yeovil and Petters United"}}]
| false
|
# .450 Marlin
The .450 Marlin is a firearms cartridge designed as a modernized equivalent to the .45-70 cartridge. It was designed by a joint team of Marlin and Hornady engineers headed by Hornady's Mitch Mittelstaedt, and was released in 2000, with cartridges manufactured by Hornady and rifles manufactured by Marlin, mainly the Model 1895M levergun. The Browning BLR is also now available in .450 Marlin chambering, as is the Ruger No. 1. Marlin ceased manufacture of the 1895M rifle in 2009. In October 2022 it was rumored that Ruger Firearms, the new owner of Marlin Firearms, may be reintroducing the 450 Marlin in their Model 1895 guide gun, but this has not been confirmed by Marlin or Ruger.
## Design
While ballistically similar to the .45-70, the .450 Marlin was not developed from the .45-70. Rather, the .450 Marlin was developed from the wildcat .458×2-inch American, which was based on the .458 Winchester Magnum. This places the .450 Marlin in the .458 Winchester family of cartridges, though it is more easily understood as a "modernized" .45-70. It is possible to handload the .45-70 to levels that can destroy older firearms such as the Trapdoor Springfield. The .450 Marlin offers the ballistics of such "hot" .45-70 loads without the risk of chambering in firearms that cannot handle its higher pressure.
The belt has been modified to prevent it from chambering in smaller-bore 7 mm Magnum or .338 Magnum rifles. The .45-70 and .450 Marlin cannot be cross-chambered, but rifles chambered for the American can be modified to fire the .450 Marlin.
Visually, the case resembles that of the .458 Winchester Magnum with a wider belt. The cartridge is most useful for hunting big game at short ranges, being accurate at ranges of 150 to 175 yards (137 to 160 m). The cartridge is capable of taking any large game animal in North America including large elk, brown bear, and moose.
One potential advantage of the .450 Marlin was its ability to chamber easily in bolt-action rifles, essentially becoming a ".45-70 bolt action" cartridge. This idea, however, was only utilized by one company: Steyr-Mannlicher. However, many companies such as E.R. Shaw Inc. and EABCO have helped numerous owners convert their existing bolt-action rifles to .450 Marlin, fulfilling the cartridge's inspired purpose.
## Dimensions
The dimensions are subject to change. The most current dimensions are available from the SAAMI website, standard Z299.4 – 2015, at pages 148 and 344.
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.450 Marlin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.450_Marlin
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2025-01-05T03:54:46Z
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en
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Q4027900
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{{Short description|US rifle cartridge}}
{{Infobox firearm cartridge
| name = .450 Marlin
| image = 450Marlin.JPG | image_size = 300px
| caption = .450 Marlin, left and [[.458 Winchester Magnum]], right
| origin = [[United States]]
| type = [[Rifle]]
<!-- Service history -->
| service =
| used_by =
| wars =
<!-- Production history -->
| designer = [[Hornady]] and [[Marlin Firearms]]
| design_date = 2000
| manufacturer = [[Hornady]]
| production_date = 2000–present
| number =
| variants =
<!-- Specifications -->
| is_SI_specs =
| parent = [[.458×2-inch American]]<ref>Association, N. R. (n.d.). Tested: Winchester M94 te lever-action in .450 Marlin. An Official Journal Of The NRA. https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/tested-winchester-m94-te-lever-action-in-450-marlin/</ref>
| case_type = Belted, straight
| bullet = .458
| neck =
| shoulder =
| base = .5121
| rim_dia = .528
| rim_thick =
| case_length = 2.10
| length = 2.55
| case_capacity =
| rifling = 1:20 in (508 mm)
| primer = Large rifle
| max_pressure = 43500
| max_cup =
| filling =
| filling_weight =
| detonation =
| yield =
<!-- Ballistic performance -->
| is_SI_units =
| bw1 = 430
| btype1 = LBT-LFN (Lead Long Flat Nose)
| vel1 = 1900
| en1 = 3446
| bw2 = 405
| btype2 = JFN (Copper Jacketed Flat Nose)
| vel2 = 1975
| en2 = 3507
| bw3 = 350
| btype3 = JFN
| vel3 = 2100
| en3 = 3427
| bw4 = 325
| btype4 = FTX (Hornady Flex Tip Expanding LEVERevolution)
| vel4 = 2225
| en4 = 3572
| bw5 =
| btype5 =
| vel5 =
| en5 =
| test_barrel_length = (SAAMI) 24 inches (610 mm)
| balsrc = Buffalo Bore Ammunition,<ref>{{cite web|title=Heavy 450 Marlin Rifle & Gun Ammunition|url=http://www.buffalobore.com/index.php?l=product_detail&p=171|work=Buffalo Bore|access-date=9 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229122027/http://www.buffalobore.com/index.php?l=product_detail&p=171|archive-date=29 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hornady Ammunition,<ref>{{cite web |title=450 Marlin 325 gr FTX LEVERevolution ballistics |url=http://www.hornady.com/store/450-Marlin-325-gr-FTX-LEVERevolution/ |work=Hornady.com |access-date=9 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910225153/http://www.hornady.com/store/450-Marlin-325-gr-FTX-LEVERevolution/# |archivedate=2010-09-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
The '''.450 Marlin''' is a [[cartridge (firearms)|firearms cartridge]] designed as a modernized equivalent to the [[.45-70]] cartridge. It was designed by a joint team of [[Marlin Firearms|Marlin]] and [[Hornady]] engineers headed by Hornady's Mitch Mittelstaedt,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmdr.com/lever/450mtext.htm |title=450 Marlin |access-date=2008-08-05 |publisher=Gregory J. Mushial |year=2002 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926031938/http://www.gmdr.com/lever/450mtext.htm |archivedate=26 September 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was released in 2000, with cartridges manufactured by Hornady and rifles manufactured by Marlin, mainly the [[Marlin Model 336#Model 1895|Model 1895M]] [[Lever-action|levergun]]. The [[Browning BLR]] is also now available in .450 Marlin chambering, as is the Ruger No. 1. Marlin ceased manufacture of the 1895M rifle in 2009. In October 2022 it was rumored that Ruger Firearms, the new owner of Marlin Firearms, may be reintroducing the 450 Marlin in their Model 1895 guide gun, but this has not been confirmed by Marlin or Ruger.
== Design ==
While ballistically similar to the .45-70, the .450 Marlin was not developed from the [[.45-70]]. Rather, the .450 Marlin was developed from the wildcat [[.458×2-inch American]], which was based on the [[.458 Winchester Magnum]].<ref name="disguise">{{cite web|last=Taffin|first=John|title=The .450 Marlin: A Magnum In Disguise|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQY/is_6_47/ai_74033118/|work=Guns Magazine|access-date=9 September 2010|date=June 2001}}</ref> This places the .450 Marlin in the .458 Winchester family of cartridges, though it is more easily understood as a "modernized" .45-70. It is possible to [[handloading|handload]] the [[.45-70]] to levels that can destroy older firearms such as the [[Trapdoor Springfield]]. The .450 Marlin offers the ballistics of such "hot" .45-70 loads without the risk of chambering in firearms that cannot handle its higher pressure.
The belt has been modified to prevent it from chambering in smaller-bore 7 mm Magnum or .338 Magnum rifles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://airbornecombatengineer.typepad.com/airborne_combat_engineer/2005/03/the_450_marlin_.html |title=The .450 Marlin cartridge |access-date=2008-08-05 |work=Airborne Combat Engineer |publisher= |date=2007-10-09 |archive-date=2009-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415105002/http://airbornecombatengineer.typepad.com/airborne_combat_engineer/2005/03/the_450_marlin_.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The .45-70 and .450 Marlin cannot be cross-chambered, but rifles chambered for the American can be modified to fire the .450 Marlin.<ref>{{cite book|last=Simpson|first=Layne|title=Layne Simpson's Shooter's Handbook|year=2005|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=978-0-87349-939-2|page=285}}</ref>
Visually, the case resembles that of the .458 Winchester Magnum with a wider belt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckhawks.com/450Marlin.htm |title=.450 Marlin |access-date=2008-08-05 |work=ChuckHawkes.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624230855/http://www.chuckhawks.com/450Marlin.htm |archive-date=24 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> The cartridge is most useful for hunting big game at short ranges, being accurate at ranges of {{convert|150|to|175|yards}}.<ref name="disguise" /> The cartridge is capable of taking any large game animal in North America including large elk, brown bear, and moose.
One potential advantage of the .450 Marlin was its ability to chamber easily in bolt-action rifles, essentially becoming a ".45-70 bolt action" cartridge. This idea, however, was only utilized by one company: [[Steyr-Mannlicher]]. However, many companies such as E.R. Shaw Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ershawbarrels.com/scb-twist-rates.php |title=Caliber and Twist Rates |access-date=2017-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708024007/http://www.ershawbarrels.com/scb-twist-rates.php |archive-date=2017-07-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and EABCO<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eabco.net/Savage-Accuracy-Barrel-Kits-by-EABCO--Includes-Wrench-and-USP-Benchrest-Cleaning-Kit_p_13410.html|title=EABCO Accuracy Barrels|website=Eabdo.net|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> have helped numerous owners convert their existing bolt-action rifles to .450 Marlin, fulfilling the cartridge's inspired purpose.
==Dimensions==
[[File:450 Marlin5.jpg|thumb|center|450px|]]
The dimensions are subject to change. The most current dimensions are available from the [https://saami.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ANSI-SAAMI-Z299.4-CFR-Approved-2015-12-14-Posting-Copy.pdf SAAMI website, standard Z299.4 – 2015], at pages 148 and 344.
== See also ==
*[[11 mm caliber]]
*[[List of rifle cartridges]]
*[[Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute]]
*[[Table of handgun and rifle cartridges]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
* [https://www.all4shooters.com/en/hunting/ammunition/dossier-450/ .450 Marlin]
* [https://www.gunsandammo.com/editorial/reloading-the-450-marlin/250267 450 Marlin Reloading Data]
* [https://www.sportingshooter.com.au/ask-uncle-nick/whatever-happened-to-the-450-marlin Whatever Happened To The .450 Marlin?]
* [https://www.gun-tests.com/uncategorized/big-bore-lever-action-hunting-guns-pass-on-marlins-new-450/ Big-Bore Lever-Action Hunting Guns: Pass On Marlins New .450]
{{Hornady}}
{{Marlin Firearms}}
{{.375 H&H Magnum}}
[[Category:Pistol and rifle cartridges|450 Marlin]]
| 1,267,445,994
|
[{"title": ".450 Marlin", "data": {"Type": "Rifle", "Place of origin": "United States"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designer": "Hornady and Marlin Firearms", "Designed": "2000", "Manufacturer": "Hornady", "Produced": "2000\u2013present"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Parent case": ".458\u00d72-inch American", "Case type": "Belted, straight", "Bullet diameter": ".458 in (11.6 mm)", "Base diameter": ".5121 in (13.01 mm)", "Rim diameter": ".528 in (13.4 mm)", "Case length": "2.10 in (53 mm)", "Overall length": "2.55 in (65 mm)", "Rifling twist": "1:20 in (508 mm)", "Primer type": "Large rifle", "Maximum pressure": "43,500 psi (300 MPa)"}}, {"title": "Ballistic performance", "data": {"Bullet mass/type": "Velocity \u00b7 Energy", "430 gr (28 g) LBT-LFN (Lead Long Flat Nose)": "1,900 ft/s (580 m/s) \u00b7 3,446 ft\u22c5lbf (4,672 J)", "405 gr (26 g) JFN (Copper Jacketed Flat Nose)": "1,975 ft/s (602 m/s) \u00b7 3,507 ft\u22c5lbf (4,755 J)", "350 gr (23 g) JFN": "2,100 ft/s (640 m/s) \u00b7 3,427 ft\u22c5lbf (4,646 J)", "325 gr (21 g) FTX (Hornady Flex Tip Expanding LEVERevolution)": "2,225 ft/s (678 m/s) \u00b7 3,572 ft\u22c5lbf (4,843 J)"}}]
| false
|
# 1912–13 Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship
The 1912–13 Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship was the fifth edition of the national ice hockey championship in Switzerland. Four teams participated in the championship, which was won by HC Levants, who finished first in the final standings.
## Final standings
| Pl. | Team | GP | W | T | L | Pts |
| --- | --------------------------- | -- | - | - | - | --- |
| 1. | HC Les Avants | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2. | Club des Patineurs Lausanne | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3. | Akademischer EHC Zürich | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 4. | HC Bellerive Vevey | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
|
enwiki/40040320
|
enwiki
| 40,040,320
|
1912–13 Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912%E2%80%9313_Swiss_National_Ice_Hockey_Championship
|
2024-12-31T16:34:09Z
|
en
|
Q2256016
| 21,336
|
{{short description|none}}
The '''1912–13 [[List of Swiss ice hockey champions|Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship]]''' was the fifth edition of the national ice hockey championship in [[Switzerland]]. Four teams participated in the championship, which was won by [[HC Levants]], who finished first in the final standings.
== Final standings ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Pl. !! Team !! GP !! W !! T !! L !! Pts
|- align="center " bgcolor="#e6fae6"
| 1.
| align="left"| [[HC Les Avants]]
| 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 4
|- align="center " bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|2.
| align="left"|[[Club des Patineurs Lausanne]]
| 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 2
|- align="center " bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|3.
| align="left"| [[Akademischer EHC Zürich]]
|| 2|| 0 || 1 || 1 || 1
|- align="center " bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
|4.
| align="left"| [[HC Bellerive Vevey]]
|| 2|| 0 || 1 || 1 || 1
|}
== External links ==
*[http://www.swiss-icehockey.ch/media/native/pdf/nl/spiele/finalstandings08.pdf Swiss Ice Hockey Federation – All-time results]
{{Swiss Ice Hockey Championship}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1912-13 Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship}}
[[Category:1912–13 in Swiss ice hockey|National]]
[[Category:Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship seasons]]
| 1,266,439,197
|
[]
| false
|
# 1904 Currie Cup
The 1904 Currie Cup was the seventh edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.
The tournament was won by Western Province for the sixth time, who won all six of their matches in the competition.
|
enwiki/47516078
|
enwiki
| 47,516,078
|
1904 Currie Cup
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Currie_Cup
|
2023-06-20T14:31:01Z
|
en
|
Q20981457
| 42,318
|
{{Short description|Domestic rugby union competition}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use South African English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox rugby union season
| name = 1904 Currie Cup
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| countries = [[South Africa]]
| date =
| champions = {{Rut|Western Province}}
| count = 6
| runnersup =
| promoted =
| relegated =
| matches =
| attendance =
| tries =
| top point scorer =
| top try scorer =
| prevseason = [[1899 Currie Cup|1899]]
| nextseason = [[1906 Currie Cup|1906]]
}}
The '''1904 Currie Cup''' was the seventh edition of the [[Currie Cup]], the premier domestic [[rugby union]] competition in [[South Africa]].
The tournament was won by {{Rut|Western Province}} for the sixth time, who won all six of their matches in the competition.<ref name="Currie Cup Finals History">{{cite web | url=http://www.supersport.com/rugby/currie-cup/finals | title=Currie Cup Finals History | work=SuperSport | date=27 October 2014 | accessdate=12 August 2015}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Currie Cup]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Currie Cup}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Currie Cup 1904}}
[[Category:Currie Cup seasons|1904]]
[[Category:1904 in South African rugby union]]
[[Category:1904 rugby union tournaments for clubs|Currie]]
{{Rugbyunion-competition-stub}}
| 1,161,081,990
|
[{"title": "1904 Currie Cup", "data": {"Countries": "South Africa", "Champions": "Western Province (6th title)"}}]
| false
|
# 1925 Chicago White Sox season
The 1925 Chicago White Sox season was a season in Major League Baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 79–75, 18.5 games behind the pennant-winning Washington Senators.
## Regular season
### Season standings
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| ---------------------- | -- | --- | ---- | --- | ---- | ---- |
| Washington Senators | 96 | 55 | .636 | — | 53–22 | 43–33 |
| Philadelphia Athletics | 88 | 64 | .579 | 8½ | 51–26 | 37–38 |
| St. Louis Browns | 82 | 71 | .536 | 15 | 45–32 | 37–39 |
| Detroit Tigers | 81 | 73 | .526 | 16½ | 43–34 | 38–39 |
| Chicago White Sox | 79 | 75 | .513 | 18½ | 44–33 | 35–42 |
| Cleveland Indians | 70 | 84 | .455 | 27½ | 37–39 | 33–45 |
| New York Yankees | 69 | 85 | .448 | 28½ | 42–36 | 27–49 |
| Boston Red Sox | 47 | 105 | .309 | 49½ | 28–47 | 19–58 |
### Record vs. opponents
| Boston | — | 9–13 | 7–15 | 5–17 | 9–13 | 5–17 | 5–16 | 7–14 |
| Chicago | 13–9 | — | 14–8 | 13–9 | 13–9 | 8–14 | 9–13 | 9–13 |
| Cleveland | 15–7 | 8–14 | — | 11–11–1 | 10–12 | 11–11 | 11–11 | 4–18 |
| Detroit | 17–5 | 9–13 | 11–11–1 | — | 14–8–1 | 8–14 | 12–10 | 10–12 |
| New York | 13–9 | 9–13 | 12–10 | 8–14–1 | — | 9–13 | 11–11–1 | 7–15 |
| Philadelphia | 17–5 | 14–8 | 11–11 | 14–8 | 13–9 | — | 12–10 | 7–13–1 |
| St. Louis | 16–5 | 13–9 | 11–11 | 10–12 | 11–11–1 | 10–12 | — | 11–11 |
| Washington | 14–7 | 13–9 | 18–4 | 12–10 | 15–7 | 13–7–1 | 11–11 | — |
## Player stats
### Batting
#### Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | ------------- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | -- | --- |
| C | Ray Schalk | 125 | 343 | 94 | .274 | 0 | 52 |
| 1B | Earl Sheely | 153 | 600 | 189 | .315 | 9 | 111 |
| 2B | Eddie Collins | 118 | 425 | 147 | .346 | 3 | 80 |
| SS | Ike Davis | 146 | 562 | 135 | .240 | 0 | 61 |
| 3B | Willie Kamm | 152 | 509 | 142 | .279 | 6 | 83 |
| OF | Johnny Mostil | 153 | 605 | 181 | .299 | 2 | 50 |
| OF | Harry Hooper | 127 | 442 | 117 | .265 | 6 | 55 |
| OF | Bibb Falk | 154 | 602 | 181 | .301 | 4 | 99 |
#### Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| ------------------ | -- | --- | -- | ---- | -- | --- |
| Bill Barrett | 81 | 245 | 89 | .363 | 3 | 40 |
| Buck Crouse | 54 | 131 | 46 | .351 | 2 | 25 |
| Spence Harris | 56 | 92 | 26 | .283 | 1 | 13 |
| John Kane | 14 | 56 | 10 | .179 | 0 | 3 |
| Roy Elsh | 32 | 48 | 9 | .188 | 0 | 4 |
| Johnny Grabowski | 21 | 46 | 14 | .304 | 0 | 10 |
| John Bischoff | 7 | 11 | 1 | .091 | 0 | 0 |
| Maurice Archdeacon | 10 | 9 | 1 | .111 | 0 | 0 |
| Bud Clancy | 4 | 3 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Jule Mallonee | 2 | 3 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Leo Tankersley | 1 | 3 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
### Pitching
#### Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| ----------------- | -- | ----- | -- | -- | ---- | -- |
| Ted Lyons | 43 | 262.2 | 21 | 11 | 3.26 | 45 |
| Red Faber | 34 | 238.0 | 12 | 11 | 3.78 | 71 |
| Ted Blankenship | 40 | 232.0 | 17 | 8 | 3.03 | 81 |
| Sloppy Thurston | 36 | 183.0 | 10 | 14 | 5.95 | 35 |
| Charlie Robertson | 24 | 137.0 | 8 | 12 | 5.26 | 27 |
#### Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --------------- | -- | ----- | - | - | ---- | -- |
| Mike Cvengros | 22 | 104.2 | 3 | 9 | 4.30 | 32 |
| Jim Joe Edwards | 9 | 45.1 | 1 | 2 | 3.97 | 20 |
| Dickey Kerr | 12 | 36.2 | 0 | 1 | 5.15 | 4 |
#### Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| -------------- | -- | - | - | -- | ----- | -- |
| Sarge Connally | 40 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4.64 | 45 |
| Frank Mack | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.45 | 6 |
| Leo Mangum | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7.80 | 6 |
| Tink Riviere | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.50 | 1 |
| Ken Ash | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.00 | 0 |
| Jake Freeze | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.45 | 1 |
| Chief Bender | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.00 | 0 |
|
enwiki/16244095
|
enwiki
| 16,244,095
|
1925 Chicago White Sox season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Chicago_White_Sox_season
|
2024-04-23T19:40:00Z
|
en
|
Q4561695
| 107,771
|
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox baseball team season
| name = Chicago White Sox
| season = 1925
| misc =
| league = American League
| ballpark = [[Comiskey Park]]
| city = [[Chicago, Illinois]]
| owners = [[Charles Comiskey]]
| managers = [[Eddie Collins]]
| television =
| radio = [[WMAQ (AM)|WMAQ]]<br>([[Hal Totten]])
|}}
The '''1925 [[Chicago White Sox]] season''' was a season in [[Major League Baseball]]. The team finished fifth in the [[American League]] with a record of 79–75, 18.5 games behind the pennant-winning [[1925 Washington Senators season|Washington Senators]].
== Regular season ==
=== Season standings ===
{{1925 American League standings|highlight=Chicago White Sox}}
=== Record vs. opponents ===
{{1925 AL Record vs. opponents|team=CWS}}
=== Roster ===
{| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: center;" | 1925 Chicago White Sox
|-
| colspan="10" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: center;" | '''Roster'''
|-
| valign="top" | '''Pitchers'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Ken Ash]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Chief Bender]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ted Blankenship]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Sarge Connally]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Mike Cvengros]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jim Joe Edwards]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Red Faber]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jake Freeze]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Dickey Kerr]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ted Lyons]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Frank Mack]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Leo Mangum]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Tink Riviere]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Charlie Robertson]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Sloppy Thurston]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Catchers'''
{{MLBplayer||[[John Bischoff (baseball)|John Bischoff]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Buck Crouse]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Johnny Grabowski]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ray Schalk]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Leo Tankersley]]}}
'''Infielders'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Bill Barrett (outfielder)|Bill Barrett]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Eddie Collins]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ike Davis (shortstop)|Ike Davis]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Willie Kamm]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[John Kane (infielder)|John Kane]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Earl Sheely]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Outfielders'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Maurice Archdeacon]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Roy Elsh]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bibb Falk]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Spencer Harris]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Harry Hooper]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jule Mallonee]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Johnny Mostil]]}}
'''Other batters'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Bud Clancy]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Manager'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Eddie Collins]]}}
'''Coaches'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Billy Lauder]]}}
|}
== Player stats ==
=== Batting ===
==== Starters by position ====
''Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%" | Pos
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | AB
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | H
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | Avg.
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | HR
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | RBI
|- align="center"
| C || [[Ray Schalk]] || 125 || 343 || 94 || .274 || 0 || 52
|- align=center
| 1B || [[Earl Sheely]] || 153 || 600 || 189 || .315 || 9 || 111
|- align=center
| 2B || {{sortname|Eddie|Collins}} || 118 || 425 || 147 || .346 || 3 || 80
|- align="center"
| SS || {{sortname|Ike|Davis|Ike Davis (shortstop)}} || 146 || 562 || 135 || .240 || 0 || 61
|- align="center"
| 3B || [[Willie Kamm]] || 152 || 509 || 142 || .279 || 6 || 83
|- align=center
| OF || [[Johnny Mostil]] || 153 || 605 || 181 || .299 || 2 || 50
|- align=center
| OF || [[Harry Hooper]] || 127 || 442 || 117 || .265 || 6 || 55
|- align=center
| OF || [[Bibb Falk]] || 154 || 602 || 181 || .301 || 4 || 99
|}
==== Other batters ====
''Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | AB
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | H
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | Avg.
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | HR
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | RBI
|- align="center"
| {{sortname|Bill|Barrett|Bill Barrett (outfielder)}} || 81 || 245 || 89 || .363 || 3 || 40
|- align="center"
| [[Buck Crouse]] || 54 || 131 || 46 || .351 || 2 || 25
|- align=center
| [[Spence Harris]] || 56 || 92 || 26 || .283 || 1 || 13
|- align=center
| {{sortname|John|Kane|John Kane (infielder)}} || 14 || 56 || 10 || .179 || 0 || 3
|- align="center"
| [[Roy Elsh]] || 32 || 48 || 9 || .188 || 0 || 4
|- align=center
| [[Johnny Grabowski]] || 21 || 46 || 14 || .304 || 0 || 10
|- align=center
| {{sortname|John|Bischoff|John Bischoff (baseball)}} || 7 || 11 || 1 || .091 || 0 || 0
|- align="center"
| [[Maurice Archdeacon]] || 10 || 9 || 1 || .111 || 0 || 0
|- align=center
| [[Bud Clancy]] || 4 || 3 || 0 || .000 || 0 || 0
|- align=center
| [[Jule Mallonee]] || 2 || 3 || 0 || .000 || 0 || 0
|- align=center
| [[Leo Tankersley]] || 1 || 3 || 0 || .000 || 0 || 0
|}
=== Pitching ===
==== Starting pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | IP
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO
|- align="center"
| [[Ted Lyons]] || 43 || 262.2 || 21 || 11 || 3.26 || 45
|- align=center
| [[Red Faber]] || 34 || 238.0 || 12 || 11 || 3.78 || 71
|- align=center
| [[Ted Blankenship]] || 40 || 232.0 || 17 || 8 || 3.03 || 81
|- align=center
| [[Sloppy Thurston]] || 36 || 183.0 || 10 || 14 || 5.95 || 35
|- align=center
| [[Charlie Robertson]] || 24 || 137.0 || 8 || 12 || 5.26 || 27
|}
==== Other pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | IP
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO
|- align="center"
| {{sortname|Mike|Cvengros}} || 22 || 104.2 || 3 || 9 || 4.30 || 32
|- align="center"
| [[Jim Joe Edwards]] || 9 || 45.1 || 1 || 2 || 3.97 || 20
|- align=center
| {{sortname|Dickey|Kerr}} || 12 || 36.2 || 0 || 1 || 5.15 || 4
|}
==== Relief pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SV
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO
|- align="center"
| {{sortname|Sarge|Connally}} || 40 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 4.64 || 45
|- align="center"
| [[Frank Mack]] || 8 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 9.45 || 6
|- align=center
| [[Leo Mangum]] || 7 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 7.80 || 6
|- align=center
| [[Tink Riviere]] || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 13.50 || 1
|- align=center
| {{sortname|Ken|Ash}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 9.00 || 0
|- align="center"
| [[Jake Freeze]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2.45 || 1
|- align=center
| {{sortname|Chief|Bender}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 18.00 || 0
|}
== References ==
*[https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/CHW/1925.shtml 1925 Chicago White Sox at Baseball Reference]
{{1925 MLB season by team}}
{{Chicago White Sox}}
[[Category:Chicago White Sox seasons]]
[[Category:1925 Major League Baseball season|Chicago White Sox season]]
[[Category:1925 in sports in Illinois|Chicago White Sox]]
[[Category:1925 in Chicago]]
{{ChicagoWhiteSox-season-stub}}
| 1,220,438,374
|
[{"title": "1925 Chicago White Sox", "data": {"League": "American League", "Ballpark": "Comiskey Park", "City": "Chicago, Illinois", "Owners": "Charles Comiskey", "Managers": "Eddie Collins", "Radio": "WMAQ \u00b7 (Hal Totten)"}}]
| false
|
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