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In 2009, an attempt was made to designate an official saltwater fish for the State of Texas. At the request of avid tarpon anglers and conservationists in Texas, State Representative Brandon Creighton, of Conroe, prepared and introduced House Concurrent Resolution No. 136. It proposed that the tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) be named the official saltwater fish of Texas. The bill was referred to the House Culture, Recreation and Tourism Committee on March 25, 2009. As far back as 1903, Charles F. Holder in his book entitled, "The Big Game Fishes of the United States", advocated Texas adopting tarpon as one of its state symbols because, as he wrote, "as sooner or later, the fame of this splendid fish and the remarkable fishing found along her shores will become one of the prime attractions of this region." By: CreightonH.C.R. No. 136 WHEREAS, The State of Texas has designated a select group of official symbols as tangible representations of the state's culture and natural history; and WHEREAS, The pecan tree, the bluebonnet, the Guadalupe bass, and the mockingbird are examples of some of the natural specimens that help denote the great beauty and diversity of our vast state; and WHEREAS, In keeping with this custom, the designation of the tarpon as the official State Saltwater Fish of Texas will provide suitable recognition of the aquatic life that inhabits the rich ecosystem of the Gulf of Mexico and the coastal estuaries of our state; and WHEREAS, Given the scientific name Megalops atlanticus, tarpon can live for more than 60 years and vary in size from juveniles that are as tiny as baitfish to adults that can grow to eight feet in length and exceed 200 pounds; the species is a longtime Texas resident, having lived in the region since the prehistoric era; and WHEREAS, The tarpon, fondly known by anglers as the "silver king," is found in the open waters of the Gulf to a distance of more than 50 miles offshore, and it also inhabits inland estuaries along the coast and will depart its saltwater home to swim up rivers; this diverse range makes the tarpon uniquely accessible to a wide range of fishing enthusiasts, including those pursuing the species on seagoing boats and those casting lines from the shore or fishing piers; tarpon are not often eaten in the United States, but the spirited fight they put up when hooked makes them a popular quarry for anglers, many of whom employ catch-and-release methods to help preserve the population; and WHEREAS, A rich history surrounds tarpon fishing in the Lone Star State; in the first half of the 1900s, the Gulf Coast waters were world famous for their abundance of the fish, with dignitaries such as President Franklin D. Roosevelt traveling to Texas to try their luck at landing a tarpon; and WHEREAS, Today, this prized sport fish remains capable of drawing large numbers of anglers and generating significant recreational revenue to boost the state's economy; moreover, Texas is playing a central role in efforts to insure the longevity of the species; the work of several state conservation organizations, ongoing scientific research by The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, and funding from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department are providing marine biologists with a better understanding of the ecology of the tarpon population in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean; and WHEREAS, A majestic fish that has played a prominent role in the development of the Gulf Coast sport fishing industry, the tarpon continues to remind us of the grandeur of our undersea world, and it is indeed a fitting addition to the notable roster of official state symbols; now, therefore, be it RESOLVED, That the 81st Legislature of the State of Texas hereby designate the tarpon as the official State Saltwater Fish of Texas. Though testimony, on April 14, 2009, by Scott Alford and Jimmy Durham was well thought out, passionate and convincing, there was concern within the members of the Culture, Recreation and Tourism Committee that there was another choice that might suit a greater majority of Texans. House Concurrent Resolution No. 136 made a good case for Megalops atlanticus but, after discussion and a public hearing, was allowed to expire in committee. When the next regular session of the Texas Legislature convened (gathered) in January, 2011, it became clear that a fish other than the tarpon was destined to become the official state saltwater fish of Texas. State Representative Dennis Bonner brought with him a proposal to name the red drum (known as redfish by many Texans) the official state saltwater fish. In the Senate, the same proposal was made with Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 41. The redfish was held in high esteem by saltwater fishermen in part do to its remarkable "come-back" after years of commercial overfishing. In order to save the redfish along the Texas Gulf Coast, the Gulf Coast Conservation Association, founded in 1977 by fourteen recreational fishermen, managed to get laws passed banning the sale of redfish. The ban on the sale of redfish caused commercial enterprises to look elsewhere for profits. With the ban on commercial fishing, tightened recreational fishing regulations, saltwater fishing stamps, a saltwater hatchery, and the support of avid redfish anglers up and down the Texas Coast, redfish began to repopulate Texas coastal waters. Filed on April 7, 2011, Rep. Bonner's House Concurrent Resolution No. 133 called for the adoption of the red drum (redfish) as the "official State Saltwater Fish of Texas." H.C.R. No. 133 HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION WHEREAS, The lands and waters of Texas are home to a diverse range of animals, and a select number of these species have been recognized as official state symbols as a result of their significance to our history and culture; and WHEREAS, A particularly rich natural environment is found along the Texas Gulf Coast, and of the many distinctive plants and wildlife found in that region, the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) is particularly deserving of recognition; and WHEREAS, Also known as the redfish and the bull red, this majestic saltwater fish spends the first three years of its life in bays along the coast before heading into the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico; it also demonstrates the hardiness and adaptability so often found in the Lone Star State, swimming up rivers on occasion and also taking up residence in certain inland reservoirs; and WHEREAS, Perhaps the most distinctive characteristic of the fish is its Texas-sized stature; at three years of age, the typical red drum is two-and-a-half feet long and will grow larger over the course of its long life; the biggest red drum caught in Texas waters was 54.25 inches long and weighed nearly 60 pounds; and WHEREAS, The fish's size, along with its power, speed, and delicious flavor, has made it one of the most popular game species in Texas waters; whether wading through the shallows, casting with fly rods, or trying their luck in pier or surf fishing, anglers of all types prize the red drum as a catch; as a result, the fish plays an important role in boosting recreational tourism; and WHEREAS, In decades past, redfish also helped drive the state's commercial fishing industry and at times made up as much as 35 percent of its landings; overfishing and illegal netting took a toll, however, and by the early 1980s the drum population had dropped to dangerously low levels throughout the Gulf of Mexico; fortunately, state officials responded to the situation by enacting legislation and adopting wise management and enforcement measures, including the development of a revolutionary hatchery; today, numbers have rebounded to the point where the state has one of the best red drum fisheries in the nation; and WHEREAS, An environmental success story as well as an awe-inspiring and much-sought-after resident of the Gulf Coast waters, the red drum is a celebrated member of our natural world, and it is indeed a fitting symbol of the Lone Star State; now, therefore, be it RESOLVED, That the 82nd Legislature of the State of Texas hereby designate the red drum as the official State Saltwater Fish of Texas. The red drum became the official saltwater fish of the State of Texas when Governor Rick Perry signed House Concurrent Resolution No. 133 on June 17, 2011. The red drum was named the official saltwater fish of the State of Texas by House Concurrent Resolution and is not, therefore, listed in the Texas Statutes. Only a few of Texas' myriad symbols were actually adopted by an act of the legislature and written into the Texas Statutes. Bozka, Larry. "Remarkable, Resilient Redfish." Texas Parks & Wildlife Magazine. Texas Parks & Wildlife Department, Jun 2011. Web. 10 Apr 2012. "The CCA Story." Coastal Conservation Association. Coastal Conservation Association, n.d. Web. 10 Apr 2012. . "House Concurrent Resolution No. 133." The Texas Legislature Online. The State of Texas, 2011. Web. 29 Sep 2011. . "House Concurrent Resolution No. 136." The Texas Legislature Online. The State of Texas, 2009. Web. 29 Sep 2011. . Alford, Scott. "The Case for Tarpon as The Texas Saltwater Fish." The Houston Chronicle. The Houston Chronicle, 19 Apr 2009. Web. 24 Mar 2012. . The State of Texas. The Texas Legislature. Texas Statutes. Austin: The State of Texas, 2011. Web. . Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus): Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Red Drum in Texas: Brochure from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Remarkable, Resilient, Redfish: Sporty red drum have run a gauntlet of adversities in order to survive, By Larry Bozka. Sciaenops ocellatus Red Drum: Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Florida. Texas Fish & Game Magazine: Official website. Sciaenops ocellatus - (Linnaeus, 1766) Red Drum: A network connecting science with conservation - NatureServe Explorer: An Online Encyclopedia of Life. Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766): Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Here you will find authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world. State fish: Complete list of official state fish from NETSTATE.COM. More symbols & emblems: Complete list of official Texas state symbols from NETSTATE.COM. Texas Reds (Saltwater Strategies), by Chester Moore Jr. 212 pages. Publisher: Texas Fish & Game Publishing Co., L.L.C. (October 2003) Long before the speckled trout was the most popular species on the Gulf Coast, redfish were the big prize. As recently as the mid 1980's, anglers greeted reports of big trout catches with far less enthusiasm than tales of tailing reds in the shallow flats. In my region, trout were mainly by-catch for anglers seeking reds. How times have changed... some diehard speckled trout anglers give redfish disparaging nicknames like "golden croaker on steroids," "crab carp," and "fool's gold." On the other hand, some of the most affluent anglers on the Gulf Coast have found a deep appreciation for the redfish in recent years with the advent of the Redfish Cup tournament series. Where, When and How to Wadefish Texas, by Bink Grimes. 250 pages. Publisher: Texas Fish & Game Publishing Company, LLC (October 1, 2004) Where, When and How to Wadefish Texas is the most comprehensive Texas Gulf Coast wadefishing book ever printed. We cover every bay system from Sabine Lake to South Padre Island complete with maps displaying over 250 of the best GPS wadefishing hotspots in Texas. Every serious Texas wadefisherman should have this book. Larry Bozka's Saltwater Strategies: How, When and Where to Fish the Western Gulf Coast, by Larry Bozka. 264 pages. Publisher: Bozkabooks (1988) This book is about coastal fishing and addresses the subject in a style entirely unique to the author. Cover to cover, Bozka weaves an always entertaining blend of education, anecdote and foresight. Seasoned coastal anglers will sense his passion and admire his accuracy. Newcomers will close the book fully prepared and afire with enthusiasm. -- Doug Pike...Houston Chronicle, TIDE, Field & Stream This work presents readers a comprehensive instruction on fishing the incredibly productive waters of the Western Gulf of Mexico. Bozka's book is a must-read for saltwater anglers of every level, from the beginner to the most seasoned old salt. Plugger: Wade Fishing the Gulf Coast, by Rudy Grigar; edited by W. R. McAfee. 201 pages. Publisher: Texas Tech University Press (October 15, 2003) From a pioneer in catch-and-release and a legend in saltwater wade-fishing. Rudy Grigar, one of America’s most notorious characters of saltwater wade-fishing, lends the inimitable voice of experience to these yester yarns of the coastal waters of Texas and Louisiana. A fisherman’s fisherman, Grigar claimed to have caught more than a million pounds of fish in his sixty years along the coast. Yet fervent and abiding concern for those waters spurred his commitment to a catch-and-release policy for all fish under three pounds and to Gulf Coast conservation. His tales and tips are the bible of those now wading the Plugger’s favorite spots. Glory of the Silver King: The Golden Age of Tarpon Fishing, by Hart Stilwell. Edited and with an Introduction by Brandon Shuler. 152 pages. Publisher: Texas A&M University Press (April 7, 2011) A tribute to a fish, a sport, and a time now past . . . Through a series of chance encounters over several years, fishing guide and journalist Brandon Shuler unearthed multiple drafts of a nearly finished manuscript by an almost forgotten Texas sports writer, Hart Stilwell. Titled “Glory of the Silver King,”the manuscript vividly captured the history of tarpon and snook fishing on the Texas and Mexico Gulf Coast from the 1930s to the end of Stilwell’s life in the early 1970s. Stilwell was a seasoned outdoors journalist with a passion for salt-water fishing. Now, with Shuler’s careful research, editing, and annotation, this lost manuscript has found new life as both an entertaining “fish tale” and a historical snapshot of a region’s natural heritage. It successfully conveys the thrill of fishing for these once abundant species at the same time it tracks—and laments—the rise, decline, and eventual fall of their fisheries in Texas (which Shuler is able to report are now experiencing a rebound).
It’s no secret that today’s modern business needs the benefits of business intelligence and software solutions to stay on par with competitors. It’s also becoming more and more necessary to use BI to operate as efficiently as possible, especially in large multi-team companies or multi-tenant customer environments. However, even if you work in the tech industry, it’s ok not to be incredibly tech-savvy (at least if you’re in management). Knowing how to throw the tech words around when you’re sitting around talking to your developers can really go a long way to fooling them. OK we’re kidding, here’s the real deal, when you’re out researching BI embedded analytic solution, you need to have a good understanding of what to ask and why it’s essential. In this guide, we’ll be exploring some key information all business leaders exploring embedded analytics needs should know about APIs. Let’s start with a basic definition. What is an API? API stands for application programming interface. It serves as a way for one program to offer services or communicate with another program. For websites, APIs are run on different machines. For example, a program that is running on Twitter’s servers uses APIs to offer service to a secondary program that is running on your device. To put it in layman’s terms, an API takes your program’s “order” for specific data or services and communicates that request with its base program. APIs make it possible for websites or applications to offer limited access capabilities to their program without just letting any user or program do whatever they want with their data. Does Yurbi Have an API? Yes! In fact, we have two APIs. Yurbi has both a RESTful API and a SOAP-based API. A REST API is an API paradigm that is an architectural style. REST can actually use SOAP in the same way it can use HTTP. It is considered a true “web services” API that is based on URIs (Uniform Resource Identifier) and HTTP protocols, making it an excellent API choice for browser compatibility. A SOAP API is an API paradigm that is its own protocol. Unlike REST, SOAP is a bit better at defining standards such as security and communication. For businesses that require more comprehensive API abilities when it comes to online transactions and security, SOAP is an excellent choice. Jargon aside, the main difference between REST and SOAP is that REST is all about being as simple as possible for web optimization, while SOAP is all about tight security. At Yurbi, we decided to get the best of both worlds by implementing both paradigms into our software. Why is an API Important for Embedded Analytics? There are many reasons why API is important in the context of embedded analytics. To start, APIs automates an application’s necessary tasks. User and security provisioning is one of the key functions of an API so that when a new customer is created in one’s software application, they can automatically create that user in the BI software with all the proper security, roles, etc. Single sign-on is another valuable feature of APIs. There are a lot of ways that this can be implemented, but in the Yurbi model, users would use our REST API. Each time a user wants to display a particular dashboard, report, or component of Yurbi, they can call our DoLogin endpoint and get a session token. By sharing that session token as a parameter into any Yurbi object, all of the user’s security profile is applied to whichever report or dashboard is displayed, even if the user is building a new report. There are a few other ways, but that is our recommended method. APIs also allow for custom displays. No BI tool out there has all the out of the box visualization methods that you may need for your specific use case. You’ll eventually need a BI tool with an API that allows you to apply your own visualization features if necessary. With Yurbi, instead of embedding a report or dashboard, you can use our API to get an XML or JSON dataset from the report. Then, you can use this to bind to any pixel-perfect web form or visualization you need. Finally, APIs are useful for integration between disparate systems. Instead of having your BI tool act as a visualization tool for users, you may need to do some back-end integrations with other applications in your system. Instead of building these out on your own, a BI tool like Yurbi can act as a sort of data broker. It can allow you to connect to the Yurbi report endpoint to get an XML or JSON dataset, which in turn can be used to start or facilitate a process in another application. How was our guide to APIs? Did we miss anything? Tell us what you think in the comment section. Don’t forget to explore the rest of the Yurbi blog for more how-to guides about the world of business intelligence!
Harvard Law School Makes Online Zero-L Course Free for All U.S. Law Schools Due to Coronavirus For Kennedy School Fellows, Epstein-Linked Donors Present a Moral Dilemma Tenants Grapple with High Rents and Local Turnover at Asana-Owned Properties In April, Theft Surged as Cambridge Residents Stayed at Home The History of Harvard's Commencement, Explained The following article was written by Wilson G. Smillie '12, professor of Public Health Administration, at the Medical School. Almost every year an outbreak of acute gastro-intestinal disturbance occurs among the student body. The usual symptoms are sudden in onset, with abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea and prostration. The illness usually lasts two or three days. This type of outbreak occurs in every university, college and preparatory school in the land. They are no more frequent in colleges than in institutions, hotels, and restaurants that serve food to large numbers of people. They are more striking, however, because in the college, all cases come to the attention of the authorities, whereas restaurant and hotel guests scatter and seldom report their illness. Causes Are Varied The causes of these outbreaks are varied. Protein decomposition is probably the commonest cause. Meat and meat products of all kinds, fish, shellfish, milk, and milk products, such as cream, ice cream, cheese and all substances made with milk, such as pastry and pie fillings, may be the cause of the disturbance. The food need not be spoiled, with disagreeable odor and taste, yet may produce intestinal irritation. Vegetables and fruits formerly were not a common source of illness. Over-ripe fruit or uncooked fruit and raw vegetables that has been improperly cleansed occasionally cause trouble. Recently the extensive use of arsenic sprays of apples, peas, green beans, spinach, cabbage and lettuce has resulted in wide-spread outbreaks of acute gastro-intestinal irritation. Cider Often Source Cider has been a prominent source of acute upsets, due to arsenic residues. Arsenic produces almost exactly the same symptoms as decomposed protein. A few years ago some of the best hotels in New York, Atlantic City, and Boston were beseiged with complaints from individuals who became ill after a meal in these hotels. Intensive search failed to reveal the cause. Finally it was discovered that a silver polish used in these hotels contained potassium cyanide. A minute residue of this polish on a fork or from a tea-pot spout was quite sufficient to produce severe gastro-intestinal symptoms. How can these outbreaks be avoided? The solution is not a simple one. In past years, when the route of food from producer to consumer was direct and the food passed through few hands, little difficulty was encountered. Now our milk comes from Vermont, and passess through a dozen processes before we drink it. Meat comes from Chicago, fresh vegetables from South Carolina and Texas, fruit from Florida, Oregon, or the tropics. How is it possible to keep all this food clean and fresh and pure? The Federal Government aids by an elaborate system of inspection of inter-state shipment of food. The State has an extensive organization of food inspection with expert laboratory service and comprehensive laws, with heavy penalties for violation. Each local municipality has its system of food inspection, with regulations concerning food handling, refrigeration, storage, transportation, and sale of food. Kitchens Are Spick and Span The last and most important link is the University kitchen. Every modern method that has been devised for cleanly handling of food has been installed. Only the highest quality of food is purchased. All the milk and cream is pasteurized. Everything is spick and span. All the dishes are thoroughly cleansed. Every employee in the kitchen is under medical inspection. He must be cleanly in his habits, and he is taught the principles of food sanitation. If ill, he must not work, but is given leave of absence with pay. Refrigeration temperatures of all food are under constant check. No food is allowed to accumulate, to spell, or to be utilized as left-overs. Occasional Outbreaks inevitable Despite all these precautions--federal inspection, state supervision, local health department food inspection and every precaution taken by the University staff--an occasional outbreak of gastro-intestinal illness occurs. These are practically inevitable because of the complexity of our mode of life and the great number of processes that are required in bringing our wide variety of food stuffs from the farm to the table. No epidemic of serious food-borne infection such as typhoid fever, or septic sore throat, has occurred in the University for many years. Our experience with the mild forms of gastro-intestinal outbreaks is almost identical with that of other colleges and universities, as well as that of the best type of hotels and restaurants. Want to keep up with breaking news? Subscribe to our email newsletter.
For an entrepreneur, motivation is the core of all things.” A great advent of the 21st century is the proliferation of the “start up culture”. Traditionally, the internet was developed as a means of military communication at the end of the 20th century. There was a huge research and development cost associated with breaking the innovation trap, Now, the dynamics are more different. No other organisation represents these differences better than Youtube. In 2005, three roommates developed the website after purchasing the domain, www.youtube.com after they encountered difficulties sharing a friend’s wedding video. All three of them were Computer Scientists, but they lacked the capital investments that governments or large multinational corporations had. With NIKE eventually launching a campaign on Youtube, the website started gaining traction. Today it is the largest video sharing platform in the world. The point is, the world of today is more connected than ever and issues faced by human being are homogenous to a very large extent. What we need an entrepreneurship culture, in order to defy the odds and make something out of completely nothing. No state intervention or subsidies can encourage this spirit of creative flare and survival.
By Neil Weston, Office of Coast Survey Technical Director Have you ever been on the water when weather and sea conditions suddenly change? As mariners can attest, decisions need to be made quickly. Many rely on NOAA operational forecast system (OFS) data—a national network of nowcast and forecast models—to make decisions about their situation on the water. NOAA OFS are available to the mariner as data streams through a variety of websites, including nowCOAST™. However, only recently has OFS data been viewable on marine navigation systems, making it even more convenient for those needing to make critical decisions on the water. NOAA’s Office of Coast Survey recently started producing OFS data in formats that are easily ingested by marine navigation systems, such as Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS), portable pilot units (PPU), and electronic charting systems (ECS). These data not only have the potential to display nowcasts and forecasts in real-time on navigation system displays, but can also optimize route planning for commercial ships. Ultimately, these model forecast data will be available for machine-to-machine exchange, with data file sizes small enough to enable delivery from shore to vessel over existing communication and data networks. Nowcasts and forecasts are scientific predictions about the present and near future state of a coastal marine environment including water levels, currents, salinity, and sea surface temperature for many coastal regions. OFS are national networks of operational nowcast and forecast models that consist of automated integration of observing system data, hydrodynamic model predictions, product dissemination, and continuous quality control monitoring. These versatile systems can be used for a variety of activities such as search and rescue, recreational boating, fishing, and storm effect tracking. Initially, the Coast Survey converted surface current data for several OFS regions from a format primarily used by scientists (netCDF), to a format more widely used in meteorology (GRIB 1 & 2). A parallel developmental effort is underway to include conversion of netCDF data to an internationally recognized format (HDF5) adopted by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Within the IHO, many product specifications, including tides, water levels, and currents, are developed using HDF5 encoding. The goal is to produce products and services that comply to internationally accepted standards such as those adopted by the IHO. Compliance with these standards increases data interoperability, allowing navigation platforms to easily ingest and display the data. Coast Survey plans to disseminate OFS data in the HDF5 format by the end of 2018. Any mention of a commercial product is for informational purposes and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Government or any of its employees or contractors.
The Myth of World War II July 30, 2018 § 2 Comments In this month’s issue of Foreign Affairs, there is a provocative essay from Graham Allison, Douglas Dillon Professor of Government at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. Entitled, ‘The Myth of the Liberal Order: From Historical Accident to Conventional Wisdom,’ Allison provides a much needed corrective to the history of American foreign policy since the Second World War. Allison argues, correctly, that American foreign policy was never about maintaining a liberal world order. Rather, she argues, the world as we know it globally arose out of the Cold War, a bipolar world where the United States and its allies confronted the Soviet Union and its allies in a battle of the hearts and minds of the global populace. In essence, the two core belligerent nations cancelled each other out in terms of nuclear arms, so they were left to forge and uneasy co-existence. And then, the USSR collapsed in 1991 and, the US was victorious in the Cold War. And, of course, Francis Fukuyama made his now infamous, laughable, and ridiculous claim: What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of postwar history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind’s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government. How Fukuyama has any credibility after this colossal statement of Western hubris is beyond me. Anyway, Allison notes that aftermath of this particular moment in time was that the neoconservatives and liberal interventionists made common cause and managed to convince both Bill Clinton and George W. Bush that the best way to spread the gospel of capitalism and liberal democracy was by dropping bombs. Only during the Bush II era did the idea of liberal democracy get tied up with American foreign policy, and here Allison quotes former National Security Advisor (and later Secretary of State), Condoleeza Rice, speaking of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq: ‘Iraq and Afghanistan are vanguards of this effort to spread democracy and tolerance and freedom throughout the Greater Middle East.’ Thus, we had a unipolar world, and now, with the resurgence of a belligerent Russia and a growing China, we are in a multi-polar world. And then she goes onto note larger American problems centring around democracy at home. But what struck me about her argument was where she lays out her argument about the bipolar Cold War world, she notes that ‘the United States and its allies had just fought against Nazi Germany.’ but that the burgeoning Cold War with the USSR required new tactics. The United States and its allies. There are several ways that this is problematic. The first is that the main Allied powers of the Second World War were the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. I don’t count France here in that it fell in 1940 and whilst Free French troops and the French Résistance were central to the Allied cause, they were not represented by a government in Paris. But those Big 3 of the US, UK, and the USSR were worth the equal billing. The UK held on and maintained a free Europe from the 1940 until the Americans got going on the Western front in 1942. And British troops (to say nothing of the Empire and Commonwealth) were central to the ultimate victory. And then there’s the USSR. The Soviets were absolutely and essentially central to the Allied cause in World War II. It was the Soviets that took the brunt of Hitler’s fury on the Eastern front and absorbed the invading Nazi forces before expelling them, absorbing essential German attention as the US and UK dithered about opening a Western front, something that didn’t happen until 1944. And then the USSR, all by itself, defeated the Nazis on the Eastern front and ‘liberated’ the Eastern European nations before closing in on Germany and Berlin itself. In the US, Americans like to pronounce themselves as ‘Back To Back World War Champs,’ as the t-shirt says. This is bunk. The USSR did more to win World War II in Europe than any other nation, including the United States. Allison’s argument is made even more peculiar given that she is talking about the outbreak of the Cold War here. She makes no mention of the fact that the United States’ allies in the Second World War included the Soviet Union. Hell, Time magazine even called Josef Stalin its 1943 Man of the Year. That part of the story is essential to understanding the outbreak of the Cold War, the hostility that was festering between the USSR on one side and the US and UK on the other was an important and central story to the last years of World War II. Thus, better argued, Allison could’ve, and should’ve, argued that in the immediate post-World War II era, c. 1947-48, that the United States was fatigued from World War II, where the Allies, of which it was one, along with the Soviet Union, defeated German Nazism. To write it differently is to elide an important part of history and the Second World War. And frankly, Allison should know better.
Definition of Basketball Basketball is a team sport where players aim to shoot a ball through the opponent’s hoop to score points. The game involves dribbling, passing, and defending in addition to shooting. Slang Terms for Basketball Below are some slang terms that we can use while referring to basketball. - B-ball – Short for basketball. - Rock – The basketball itself. - Hoopla – Casual term for basketball. - Roundball – Refers to the shape of the ball. - Spalding – The brand name used generically. - Pill – Uncommon term for basketball. - Leather – Focus on the material of the ball. - Sphere – Emphasizing the ball’s shape. - Globe – Another term focusing on shape. - Pumpkin – Playful, size-related nickname. - Orb – A more poetic term for basketball. - Roundie – Casual term emphasizing shape. - BB – Shortened form of basketball. - Pass me the rock, I’m open! - He’s got that new Spalding. - Shoot the pill from downtown. - Grip the leather and shoot. - Roll the sphere to me. - Bounce the globe back. - That pumpkin needs more air. - Pass the orb around. - Spin the roundie on your finger. - Please give me the BB, I got this. Everyday Slang Terms Used for Basketball Below are some everyday basketball slang used by basketball players. 1. Alley-Oop: A pass and dunk combo. He threw an alley-oop to his teammate. 2. Iso: Isolation play for one player. Let’s run an iso for the point guard. 3. Sixth Man: Best non-starter player. He’s our sixth man and a game-changer. 4. Triple-Double: Double digits in 3 stats. She scored a triple-double last night. 5. J: Jump shot in basketball. She drained a smooth J from mid-range. 6. Fastbreak: Quick offensive move. We scored on a fastbreak 7. And-One: Made basket plus foul. He got the layup and-one. 8. Full-Court Press: Defensive strategy whole court. They used a full-court press on us. 9. Crossover: A deceptive dribble. He broke ankles with that crossover. 10. Handles: Ball-handling skills. That point guard has crazy handles. 11. Boards: Rebounds in a game. He’s dominating the boards 12. Cherry-Picking: Staying on offense, avoiding defense. Stop cherry-picking and play defense! 13. Post-Up: Offensive play near the basket. He’s going to post-up against him. 14. Swish: Net-only made basket. That three-pointer was all swish. 15. Clutch: Performing well under pressure. That last shot was so clutch. 16. Heat-Check: Testing your shooting streak. He attempted a heat-check from deep. 7. Inbound: Passing ball into play. Who’s taking the inbound pass? 18. No-Look: Pass without looking. That was a slick no-look 19. Screen: Blocking move to free teammate. Set a solid screen for her. 20. Pick-and-Roll: Screen and move tactic. Let’s execute a pick-and-roll this time. Funny Basketball Slang Terms Below are 20 funny basketball slang terms that will make you laugh. 1. Brick: A terribly missed shot. He shot a brick from the free-throw line. 2. Airball: Shot missing everything. She just threw an airball—yikes! 3. Buckets: Scoring in an easy manner. He’s getting buckets all night. 4. Ankle-Breaker: Dribble that trips defender. He pulled off an ankle-breaker—ouch! 5. Splash: A perfect three-pointer. She made that three with a splash. 6. Buzzer-Beater: Last-second game-winner. What a buzzer-beater to win it! 7. Iso-Ball: One person doing everything. Too much iso-ball hurts the team. 8. Chucker: Someone taking bad shots. Stop being a chucker, pass it! 9. Benchwarmer: Sits more than plays. He’s a career benchwarmer for sure. 10. Hack-a-Shaq: Foul a bad shooter. Time to Hack-a-Shaq their center. 11. Posterized: Dunked on, embarrassingly. He just got posterized 12. Sixth Man of the Year: Best substitute. He’s a contender for Sixth Man of the Year. 13. Trash Talk: Verbal jabs during the game. Keep the trash talk for later. 14. Blowout: Winning by a huge margin. This game is a blowout 15. Rainmaker: High-arcing long shot. She’s a real rainmaker from downtown. 16. Hail Mary: Desperate long shot. That was a Hail Mary for sure. 17. Dime: A beautiful assist. That was a dime of a pass! 18. Money: Unmissable player or shot. That three-pointer is money for her. 19. Ball-Hog: Doesn’t pass to teammates. Stop being a ball-hog; share it. 20. Double-Double: Double digits in 2 stats. She’s aiming for a double-double Slang For Playing Basketball Below are 10 slangs for playing basketball. 1. Drivin’: Taking the ball to the hoop. He’s drivin’ through the defense easily. 2. Dishin’: Passing skillfully to teammates. She’s dishin’ out assists left and right. 3. Jukin’: Deceptive moves to lose defender. He’s jukin’ his way past everyone. 4. Swattin’: Blocking an opponent’s shot. She’s swattin’ away those attempts. 5. Poppin’: Shooting quickly from a spot. He’s poppin’ threes all game long. 6. Hoopin’: General term for playing well. We were just hoopin’ at the park. 7. Rippin’: Stealing the ball from opponents. She’s rippin’ the ball on defense. 8. Feeding: Consistently passing to a scorer. He’s feeding the ball to our star. 9. Breaking: Running fast on a fastbreak. They’re breaking down the court now. 10. Sniping: Making long-distance shots. She’s sniping from way downtown.
Mongolia prioritizes adaptation and mitigation goals on livestock, animal husbandry and arable farming November 2021 – Mongolia faces rates of warming far higher than the global average, with average temperatures already increasing by more than 2°C between 1940 and 2015 and future climate projections suggesting warming could exceed 5°C by the end of this century. The climate change impacts of 5°C warming amplify existing stressors and will be devastating to human health, animal species, livelihoods and ecosystems. In addition, with increased frequency and intensity of major climate-related hazards such as storms (dust storms, windstorms, thunderstorms, and snowstorms), droughts, and extended harsh winters are expected to exacerbate conditions. Mongolia is a landlocked country with rocky deserts, vast plateaus and mountain ranges situated at an elevation ranging from 560 to 4,374 meters (1,840 – 14,350 feet). Its unique topography, ecosystems and cultures contribute to distinct socioeconomic conditions, including a very low population density. Mongolia’s rural communities are traditionally nomadic pastoralists, with the livestock and animal husbandry sectors contributing to about 80 percent of the country’s agricultural production. The agriculture sector employs one-third of the overall population and accounts for 8.4 percent of the country's exports and 10.6 percent of its GDP (maybe add a reference here too). Mongolia’s nationally determined contributions (NDC) prioritizes improving climate change policies, institutional frameworks and governance, access to climate finance, transparency of climate monitoring and reporting, and capacities for NDC implementation. The country has prioritized several sectors including agriculture as nomadic herders and crop farmers are the most vulnerable groups. The Government of Mongolia partnered with the FAO and UNDP in a five-year programme, Scaling up Climate Ambition on Land Use and Agriculture through Nationally Determined Contributions and National Adaptation Plans (SCALA), funded by Germany’s International Climate Initiative. The SCALA programme sat down with Mr. Ts. Bolorchuluun, Head of the Department of Policy Implementation and Planning at the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry (MOFALI) in Mongolia to learn about the opportunities to enhance the country’s climate ambition outlined in its NDCs and other national policies. SCALA: What are some of the key adaptation and mitigation priorities in agriculture and land use that have been outlined in your country’s NDC? Mr. Ts. Bolorchuluun: The Government of Mongolia updated its NDC in 2020, which now prioritizes adaptation action in animal husbandry, pastureland management and arable farming. Under animal husbandry and pastureland management, adaptation priorities focus on maintaining balance in ecosystems and strengthening legal frameworks. The NDC also highlights the need for sustainable use of pasturelands by increasing forage cultivation and water supplies for livestock, as well as the enhancement of disaster management systems against drought and dzud (summer drought followed by a severe winter leading to livestock loss). On arable farming, the NDC outlines plans to improve legal frameworks to overcome climate change adaptation challenges and aims to introduce advanced water and labor efficient technologies in the production of potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries to enhance productivity. Additional adaptation measures include fencing and planting strips (forests, fodder plants and technical plants) around arable crop lands and introducing soil-conserving zero tillage methods with straw mulch to retain soil moisture. Key mitigation priorities include limiting and reducing the number of livestock while enhancing livestock quality and herd structures, improving the management of livestock manure, protecting pastureland soil and establishing forest strips around arable lands to preserve soil moisture and reduce wind and water erosion. SCALA: What are some of the main barriers experienced in achieving these adaptation and mitigation goals? Mr. Ts. Bolorchuluun: The Government of Mongolia approved the NDC Action Plan in 2021 but we do face certain challenges in implementing the NDC Action Plan, such as access to finance, inadequate institutional arrangements, and lack of human and technical capacities. To overcome these challenges, specifically on access to finance, Mongolia has to rely on international funding from developed countries. On strengthening institutional arrangements and technical capacity building, Mongolia is looking forward to the SCALA programme’s support over the next few years. SCALA: Mongolia is part of the 5-year SCALA Programme, what are the entry points for SCALA support to help overcome these barriers and achieve these priorities? Mr. Ts. Bolorchuluun: One entry point for the SCALA programme would be to support the development of relevant tools and methodologies to enhance the evidence base for the fulfilment of our NDC and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) goals. Private sector engagement in adaptation and mitigation for the agriculture sector is also insufficient and there is a lack of good practices to adopt and scale up. Therefore, as part of the global SCALA programme, we hope to learn from experiences and opportunities in other countries and regions to strengthen private sector engagement in Mongolia. SCALA: What steps can be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from agriculture and land use to achieve the 2030 Agenda? Mr. Ts. Bolorchuluun: Mongolia has distinct geographical and socioeconomic characteristics. The country has a very low population density and many of its rural communities are nomadic pastoralists. The pastureland is the basis of Mongolia’s predominantly nomadic lifestyle and key to its sustainable development. Considering Mongolia’s national characteristics, to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and GHG emission reduction targets, we need to maintain a pastoral ecosystem balance, enhance legal frameworks for pastureland management and improve livestock value chains, for example, by maintaining appropriate livestock herd ratios. Mongolia’s NDC mentions an ongoing process to formulate a NAP, which was initiated in 2018 and is currently being drafted, as the primary means to identify specific adaptation priorities, adaptation and mitigation co-benefits as well as nature-based solutions to help guide its national climate change response. Priorities identified in the NAP informed the targets outlined in the updated NDC and activities undertaken through the SCALA programme are designed to be in alignment with both documents. Improving pastureland management and maintaining appropriate livestock herd sizes is expected to contribute the fulfilment of Mongolia’s adaptation and mitigation goals, as well as the preservation of its traditional nomadic heritage.
More About the Author Harry Lewis (Harry Besterman; September 16, 1886 – February 22, 1956), was an American boxer, generally credited with holding the Welterweight Championship of the World from April 1908 to March 1911. He defeated "Young Joseph", the reigning Welterweight Champion of England in London on June 27, 1910, but was not credited with the British Welterweight championship as the fight was sanctioned as a World, and not English title. Review and Comments Rate the Book THE DEAF: THEIR POSITION IN SOCIETY AND THE PROVISION FOR THEIR EDUCATION in the UNITED STATES 0 out of 5 stars based on 0 ratings.
New research from Standard Chartered says that China’s ageing population will create a major challenge for economic growth by the end of the decade, and that the country could “get old before it gets rich.” Standard Chartered economist Enam Ahmed, co-author of a new report on China’s ageing population, points out that Asian economies currently suffer from the most rapidly ageing population, and that this will affect economic growth due to its impact upon labour supply. According to Ahmed the problem of an ageing population will begin to drag upon the GDP growth of China, Hong Kong, South Korea and Thailand by 2020. The report expects some of these countries to grow old before they grow rich, with China and Thailand facing key challenges in this regard over the next several decades. Changes in demographic structure as a result of an ageing population could put China’s old age pension system to be in the red by as early as 2030 Asia Host to Record-breaking Ageing Demographic According to the report not only is Asia host to the world’s fastest ageing demographics, East Asian in particular is seeing an “unprecedented” ageing population. The United Nations defines an “ageing’ society as one in which people over the age of 65 comprised 7 – 14% of the population. An “aged” society is one where they comprise 14 – 21%, while a super-aged society is one where they account for over 21% of the total population. China, like Thailand, can expect to become a super-aged society in under two decades. For other Asian economies this timeframe is even shorter, with South Korea and Singapore expected to become similarly venerable by 2030. Economic Behaviour of Asia’s Ageing Population is Distinctive Standard Chartered researchers identified behaviours of Asia’s ageing populations which distinguish them sharply from those in developed economies. The populations of other developed countries work hard while they are young to achieve peak savings later in their career, before spending it after they retirement. Asia’s elderly differ in this final regard, however, with little spending of their savings post-reitrement. Reproductive Policies Across the Region Have Failed While the governments of many Asian countries have adopted concerted measures to boost rates of reproduction, the Standard Chartered report points out that these policies have achieved limited success. Birth rates are still well below the replacement rate of 2.1 in a slew of the region’s leading economies, including China, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. Advanced Asian economies are currently host to the world’s lowest reproduction rates, with the figure for Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and South Korea ranging from 1.0 to 1.4. Total fertility rates across Asia have dwindled continuously, and are expected to plunge from 5.1 for the period from 1970 – 75 to 2.0 by 2025-2030.
First contact with an alien life form often goes badly. In the case of Biothanata, it always goes badly. The first glimpse of this alien blob is in the form of a falling star, a meteorite. After burning off an ablative layer of rock and juicy outsides, it crash-lands. Once cooled, a red liquid leaks out of what is left of the meteor, quickly consuming any and all bio-matter around it. As it digests the grass, leaves, bugs, and other creatures, it grows, amoeba-like, sending out tendrils, splitting and reforming, but always consuming. It also digests rocks, or at least breaks them down into bite-size pieces to use, though at a much slower pace. Eventually, if nothing stops it (and nothing has, yet) it consumes all available life on the planet, barring some hardy life forms that are difficult to access. Once it grows large enough, the now enormous blob of red goo begins bunching itself together, then hurling chunks of itself high into the sky. After enough attempts, the giant blob manages to throw one (or more) smaller blobs into space, escaping Earth's gravity. Each blob is packed with rocks and dirt to use as course adjustment. Eventually, over the course of thousands of years, the majority of the space-blob sends itself out to another planet; all that's left is a (relative) handful of indigestible dust and a tiny dried-up blob. How big would the blob have to be to toss a 10-foot cube of itself out of Earth's orbit? Assume the thrown piece can start larger and accelerate itself by shooting pieces of itself off behind it, form itself into a basic wing or flying disk to catch the wind, and generally behave somewhat intelligently; also assume the "main" blob can lift and hold itself to a height of roughly half its base (higher is possible, but will cause it to fall afterwards). Edit: also assume the blob can be very, staggeringly large, nearing "planet sized" itself - as big as it needs to get before it can hurl blobs into space. Once a blob breaks free of the world's gravity, it then breaks free of the Sun's gravity by tossing various space debris behind it. Assuming it has all the time in the universe, and manages to accelerate itself as much as possible, how long would it take before it found another planet? Bonus question: Assuming a starting size of roughly one cubic foot, unchecked growth, and a digestion rate roughly equal to the most aggressive digestion of a creature on Earth, how long would it take for Biothanata to consume the majority of land-based organic life on an Earth-like planet?
Clients and health care workers may believe or want more information about the following statements about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Some of the statements are true, and some are false. Each statement is followed by the term MYTH or FACT, depending on whether it is false or true, and by a brief explanation. - A man cannot transmit an STI if he withdraws before ejaculation.—MYTH Withdrawal does not eliminate the risk of STIs. Pre-ejaculatory fluid from the penis can contain infectious organisms, and organisms on the skin of a man’s genitals can be transmitted to another person. - It is possible to get an STI from having oral sex.—FACT The person performing and the person receiving oral sex are at different levels of risk. The person receiving oral sex is at risk only if his or her partner has an open sore or ulcer in the mouth or on the face. The person performing oral sex is at high risk if he or she has an open sore or ulcer on the lips or face or if he or she has ejaculate or vaginal fluids in the mouth. To protect against STIs, an individual should always use a latex or plastic barrier, such as a male condom, female condom, or dental dam, when having oral sex. - A monogamous person cannot contract an STI.—MYTH Individuals who are faithful to their partner may still be at risk for STIs if their partner engages in sexual activity with other people. In addition, individuals who are currently monogamous with their partner may have contracted an STI from someone else in the past; therefore, they may have an STI without knowing it and/or without telling their current partner. - If you have an STI once, you become immune to it and cannot get it again.—MYTH Contracting an STI does not make a person immune to future infections. If a person is treated and cured but his or her partner(s) is not treated, the cured person can get the infection again. The cured person can also get the infection from another partner. Repeat infections can put people at risk for damage to the genital tract (e.g., scarred fallopian tubes) or chronic infection (e.g., chronic pelvic inflammatory disease [PID]). - You can become infected with more than one STI at a time.—FACT A person can have more than one STI at the same time. For example, more and more people are now contracting chlamydia and gonorrhea together. - You cannot contract AIDS by living in the same house as someone who has the disease.—FACT HIV, the infection that causes AIDS, is transmitted through exposure to infected blood and other infected body secretions. Living in the same house with someone who is HIV-infected does not put those in contact with him or her at risk unless they share items that have been exposed to the infected person’s blood or genital secretions (e.g., through the use of shared toothbrushes, razors, or douching equipment). - You can always tell if someone has an STI by his or her appearance.—MYTH Sometimes, STIs produce no symptoms or no visible symptoms. In fact, many people have STIs for long periods of time without knowing that they are infected. In addition, no type of person is immune from STIs. People of different races, sexes, religions, socioeconomic classes, and sexual orientations all contract STIs. - Condoms reduce the risk of contracting STIs, including HIV.—FACT After abstinence, latex condoms are the most effective way to prevent STIs, including HIV infection. However, latex condoms are not 100% effective. Some groups have reported inaccurate research suggesting that HIV can pass through latex condoms, but this is not true. In fact, laboratory tests show that no STI, including HIV, can penetrate latex condoms. SOURCE: Closing the condom gap. 1999. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Population Reports, series H, no. 9, April. - A person infected with an STI has a higher risk of contracting HIV.—FACT Both ulcerative STIs (those that cause sores) and nonulcerative STIs increase the risk for transmitting and contracting HIV. Ulcerative STIs increase the risk for HIV infection because the ulcers provide easy entry into the body via the HIV virus. Nonulcerative STIs may enhance HIV transmission for two reasons: They increase the number of white blood cells in the genital tract, and genital inflammation may cause microscopic cuts that can allow the HIV virus to enter the body. - STIs are a new medical problem.—MYTH STIs have existed since the beginning of recorded history. Evidence of medical damage caused by STIs appears in ancient writings, art, and skeletal remains. - Herbal treatments are effective in curing STIs.—MYTH Antibiotics are the only proven effective treatment for bacterial STIs, which include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Currently, no cure exists for viral STIs, which include genital warts, hepatitis, herpes, and HIV. Often, clients who receive STI care from nonmedical personnel believe that their STI has been treated, but this is not so. This misconception prevents them from getting adequate treatment, which puts their health and the health of their partner(s) at great risk. - People usually know that they have an STI within two to five days of being infected.—MYTH Many people never have symptoms, and others may not have symptoms for weeks or years after being infected. - Abstinence is the only 100% effective safeguard against the spread of STIs.—FACT Abstinence from sex is the best way to prevent the spread of STIs. However, latex condoms are the next best option. When used consistently and correctly, these condoms prevent the transmission of STIs very effectively. - It is possible to get some STIs from kissing.—FACT It is rare but possible to get syphilis through kissing if the infected person has chancres (small sores) in or around the mouth. Kissing can also spread the herpes virus. - Youth are particularly vulnerable to STIs.—FACT STIs are disproportionately higher among young people than adults for both biological and behavioral reasons. The highest reported cases of STIs are among young people (ages 15 to 24). In developed countries, two-thirds of all reported cases of STIs occur among those under age 25. SOURCE: Bond, K., 2001. Trends in Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health. Paper read at the NGO Networks for Health Asia Regional Capacity Seminar on Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Programming, August 26; PHN Center FOCUS on Young Adults project, 2000. - Anal sex is the riskiest form of sexual contact.—FACT Anal intercourse carries a higher risk of HIV transmission than other types of sexual contact. During anal sex, the penis can tear the mucous membrane of the anus, which provides the virus with an entry point into the bloodstream - Special medicines can cure HIV infection.—MYTH Currently, there is no cure or vaccine for HIV infection. Some drugs can slow down the production of the virus in an infected person, but these drugs are expensive and difficult to access. - HIV is a disease that affects only sex workers and homosexual-MYTH Anyone can become infected with HIV. A person’s risk for HIV is not related to the type of person he or she is, but rather to the behavior he or she engages in. - HIV can be transmitted from one person to another when sharing needles for drugs. —FACT Sharing needles during injectable drug use carries a very high risk of HIV transmission. Infected blood is easily passed from one person to another via an infected needle or other equipment used to prepare or inject drugs. - A man can be cured of HIV by having sex with a girl who is a virgin.—MYTH Some people believe this misconception, but it is not true. Virgins do not have any power to heal HIV-infected individuals. There is no way to cure HIV once a person is infected.
Case Study on Defect Management Defect Management Case Study: Defect management is the process of the detection, correction and prevention of the defects in the process of production. It is obvious that production is impossible about the certain defects, which spoil the quality of the product. Defects can occur because of the poor quality of the equipment, carelessness of employees and poor quality of the materials and the product itself.Naturally, every businessman wants to reduce the percentage of defects and he carries out a special policy of defect management which is aimed to detect and prevent the defects in future.The process of defect management is quite long and varied. It starts from the discovery of the defect. Every product is carefully checked and the experts who are responsible for the quality of the goods do not have the right to miss a defected product, otherwise it can be sold and dissatisfy the customer who purchases it. Then, there is the step of defect resolution. That means that the experts decide what can be done for the improvement of the product and the whole process of production.Generally, they are looking for the cause of the defect and try to brainstorm the most appropriate solution to it. Next, when the cause of the defect has been detected, the process of production is improved with the help of various means: change of the equipment, material, structure of the problematic product, etc. When the defect has been corrected, the process of further production is monitored attentively with the purpose to prevent further defects and make sure that the previous step of improvement was successful.Defect management is the complicated activity which is aimed to improve the quality of production and reduce the percentage of its defects. Defect management case study is the profound investigation of a limited problem which focuses on the certain defect of a product of the chosen company. The student should collect information about the company, the type of its production, equipment, materials used for production, the type of the defect, the solution of the problem and its effectiveness. After the detailed analysis of the cause and effect of the problem on defect management students are able to present the sensible solutions and conclusions and evaluate the problem objectively.A case study is a serious assignment which requires strict organization, reasonable research approach and critical thinking skill. A free example case study on defect management written in the Internet is the appropriate piece of advice for everyone.Using a free sample case study on defect management one can improve his knowledge about the correct analysis of the topic, formatting of the paper, logical structuring of the text and the quality presentation of the evidence which reveal the problem from all sides.
The first five books of the Bible (Genesis – Deuteronomy) were written by Moses during the 40 years of wondering in the desert. This is taught in the Old and New Testaments, and has been accepted by both Jews and Christians for thousands of years. Even though the Bible teaches that Moses was the author, many critics believe that Moses was not the author of these books. One of the reasons is an alleged contradiction that appears at the very end of the book of Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy 34:5-7 says, “And Moses the servant of the Lord died there in Moab, as the Lord had said. 6 He buried him in Moab, in the valley opposite Beth Peor, but to this day no one knows where his grave is. 7 Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died, yet his eyes were not weak nor his strength gone.” How could Moses have written these books if his own obituary appears at the end of them? No one can finish a book after they are dead. To add to this, the passage says that no one knows where Moses was buried (somewhere in the present-day country of Jordan). However, there are two very logical explanations for why Moses’ obituary appears at the end of Deuteronomy. First, during the days of Moses, books were written on scrolls. Sometimes you would have one book end and another book begin on the same scroll. And to make things difficult, the ending of the first book and the beginning of the other were not always marked off clearly. In fact, in modern Bible translations, there are many times when the last verse of a passage is placed in the following chapter, whereas you would think that it would be placed with the preceding chapter. As Roger Patterson notes, “This does not mean that there is an error, but that the demarcations are different.” The last chapter of Deuteronomy could have easily been part of Joshua, but sometime very early in the history of the text, the chapter was placed at the end of Deuteronomy instead. Second, and the most popular and traditional explanation, is that another individual wrote chapter 34. The most common person considered to have done this is Joshua, Moses’ right-hand man and author of the book of Joshua. Moses would still be considered the author since he would have written over 99% of the original text. To conclude, there is no contradiction in this passage. What do you think? Do these explanations clear up the problem? Leave a comment below and visit us on Facebook. See for example: Exodus 17:14; 24:4, 7; 34:27; Numbers 33:1-2; Deuteronomy 31:9, 11; Joshua 1:7, 8; 8:31; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6; Ezra 6:18; Daniel 9:11-13; Malachi 4:4; Matthew 19:8; Mark 12:26; John 5:46-47; 7:19; Acts 3:22; Romans 10:5. Roger Patterson. “Dead Man Writing.” In Demolishing Supposed Bible Contradictions. Ken Ham ed. Green Forest: Master Books, 2010. Pg. 59. Patterson, 59. Gleason L. Archer. Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1982. Pg. 154.
As a Midwest biomass group promotes a goal of drawing 10 percent of the region’s heating energy from wood fuels by 2025, more questions are sure to arise about whether that amount of fuel could be harvested sustainably. Heating the Midwest, which announced the goal at its conference last month, estimates that the region has more than enough logging and agricultural residue to supply a tenth of its heating energy by the middle of the next decade. Making sure that those feedstocks are collected in a way that doesn’t damage the environment will require a review and updating of state harvesting standards, the group says in its 2025 vision document. Getting the rules right could mean the difference between developing a fuel source that helps address climate change and air pollution challenges versus one that ultimately does more harm than good. Rules being updated A few Midwest states have already revisited their forest harvesting policies to address potential new demand for biomass feedstocks. Minnesota created the nation’s first biomass harvesting guidelines in 2007, and Michigan and Wisconsin followed in 2008. “When biomass started getting quite a bit more attention… folks started realizing that we need to be ahead of the game here.” said Anna Dirkswager, a biomass consultant with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR). In the mid-2000s, with natural gas prices climbing and three new biomass facilities coming online to meet a state biomass mandate, the Minnesota Legislature asked state forestry officials to create a set of sustainable biomass harvesting guidelines. The DNR and the Minnesota Forest Resources Council convened a 17-member stakeholder group that included representatives from industry, academia, government, and environmental groups. “Developing the guidelines was a very long, controversial process, as you can imagine,” Dirkswager said. “I think because that group had such a broad membership, what we came out with was really great.” The 42-page addendum to the state’s existing forest management guidelines, in general, says biomass harvesters should leave behind about one-third of the debris that’s created during the collection of tree tops and limbs. About 20 percent of the tops and limbs that are cut should be scattered across the site. That, combined with “incidental breakage” from a typical harvest will be enough to meet the goal of leaving one-third behind. Stumps, roots and litter should be left on the forest floor, and biomass harvest should be avoided in areas that are prone to erosion or home to threatened or endangered species. Leaving material behind can help preserve wildlife habitat, maintain soil nutrients, minimize erosion and protect water quality, among other benefits, according to the guidelines. Carbon emissions aren’t specifically addressed in the guidelines, but Dirkswager said promoting healthy re-growth means a forest can store more carbon. Strong oversight of forests The rules are mandatory in state-owned forests and on most county land, but voluntary on private land. Companies with master logger certifications are also audited for compliance with the guidelines. Even though the rules aren’t mandatory across the board, Dirkswager said Minnesota’s forests are well-protected by third-party certification programs, as well as by the current state of the forestry market. Minnesota has more land that’s dual-certified by both the Forest Stewardship Council and Sustainable Forestry Initiative than any other state — more than 5.6 million acres, including hundreds of thousands of acres of county and private forests. And the state sells wood very cheaply, especially since the housing crash, and until that changes she doesn’t expect much pressure for private wood sales. “We just don’t really see harvests on private land right now,” she said. While Minnesota officials believe its biomass harvesting guidelines are sound, the reality is that they remain untested, and that more study and time is needed to see whether they work. Almost as soon as the guidelines were published, the recession hit and domestic fracking took off, leading to a plunge in natural gas prices that sidelined several biomass projects. The science is clear that removing biomass from a site inevitably removes nutrients, but questions remain about how much needs to be left behind in order to sustain a forest’s health and biodiversity. “Although a certain amount of woody debris retention is essential for sustaining biodiversity and wildlife populations, science does not tell us how much woody debris can be sustainably removed from forest harvest sites,” the Minnesota guidelines state. That said, studies have indicated that nutrient levels in most Minnesota soils are sufficient to tolerate “a large number of such harvest rotations without harmful effects,” it says. Tony D’Amato, an associate professor in the University of Minnesota’s Department of Forest Resources, currently has two ongoing studies evaluating Minnesota’s biomass harvesting guidelines. One observation he’s made so far is that the amount of incidental breakage left behind varies a lot depending on the forest and soil type. In aspen forests, the amount of breakage left behind can be almost enough on its own to meet the guidelines, whereas harvests in conifer forests tend to be cleaner with less incidental breakage. One recommendation might be for states to offer more specific guidelines for different soil types. “There is some evidence that suggests the impact of these removal treatments is really going to vary based on soils, but our guidelines for the state are kind of a one-size-fits-all,” D’Amato said. Other questions, he said, include how different harvesting practices affect fungi. There’s some evidence that certain species decline after biomass harvesting, and it’s unclear how significant that is to the future health of the forest. “I recognize that as much as we like to focus on the details and research and science,” D’Amato said, “it’s hard to turn those details into a policy.”
Thousands of dollars are currently available for fleets operating clean vehicles. It sounds unbelievable, but for fleets in California and Oregon the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program offers an avenue to earn money using low emission or renewable fuels. The LCFS is a market-based, fuel-neutral program designed to reduce the carbon intensity of traditional transportation fuels. Users and producers of clean energy earn credits through their emission reductions. Those credits are then sold to regulated entities, such as importers, producers, and refiners of petroleum fuels, that are required to purchase credits to meet carbon emission reduction goals. For a more detailed introduction to the LCFS program, read my previous article, “Generate Revenue with Clean Fuels.” While several clean fuels are viable under the LCFS—including renewable natural gas—electric vehicles (EVs) have the greatest earning potential due to both their higher efficiencies generating more credits and the way those credits are awarded to owners of the EV infrastructure. Even with the revenue potential for EVs, some fleets may question whether it’s too soon to invest in electrification given the high upfront costs of vehicle purchase. However, over the next five to 10 years, fleets and OEMs in California will be expected to meet stricter zero-emission regulations, particularly given the impact of the proposed Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) rule. For fleets looking to get ahead of regulations, early investment in EVs can be a cost-effective option where LCFS credits can buy down the costs. Regulations are pushing emission reductions Over the next five to 10 years, fleets and OEMs in California will be expected to meet stricter zero-emission regulations, with other states expected to follow suit. One such regulation currently in development, the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) rule, will likely require vehicle manufacturers to gradually increase their zero-emission heavy-duty truck sales each year starting at 5% in 2024 and increasing through 2032 when 40% of Class 7-8 vehicles sold in the state must be zero-emission. In addition, the proposed rule would require large fleets to report on their operations, facilities, and vehicles. This information will then be used to develop a rule that requires these fleets to purchase EVs, which is expected to be implemented starting in 2024. The dual rules impacting both the sale of vehicles and the operation of those vehicles, represents a strong regulatory force to make zero-emissions trucks a reality. EVs offer the most revenue potential So, how do fleets generate credits? In most cases, LCFS credits generated by clean fuels go to the producer of the fuel itself, rather than the vehicle operator. Therefore, a fleet fueling with renewable natural gas for example, is not directly entitled to the credits, the producer of the fuel is. In the case of EVs, the owner of the charging infrastructure earns the credits. Therefore, given that early EV adopters will likely own their own infrastructure, they will be entitled to the credits. The revenue from selling the credits can then be used to offset the cost of the new EVs, charging infrastructure, and the electricity itself. How much LCFS credits are worth Fleets can accrue LCFS credits directly using several electric vehicle and equipment types, including Class 8 tractors, delivery vans, forklifts, electric transportation refrigeration units (eTRUs), cargo handling equipment, and more. The proof is in the pudding when it comes to realizing the revenue potential for LCFS credits. For example, a fleet running an electric Class 8 tractor driving 60,000 miles annually has the potential to generate credits worth $33,900 per year. A Class 6 electric truck that drives 20,000 miles annually has the potential to generate $7,000 in credits per year. In some cases, the amount earned exceeds the annual cost of fuel, essentially providing “free fuel” and can possibly cover some of the vehicle overhead and maintenance costs. This strategy provides ongoing usage of LCFS revenue to buy down the overall cost of electrification. However, the revenue potential does not stop there. The examples above assume the vehicle is being charged using grid electricity, but fleets that use renewable or zero-carbon electricity can generate even more revenue. Increase revenue potential with zero-carbon electricity The LCFS program adds even more monetary value for the use of renewable electricity since it produces zero carbon emissions. Fleets that strategically use renewable electricity for charging their vehicles, or purchase renewable energy credits (RECs), can further increase their LCFS revenue streams. With renewable electricity, the same Class 8 truck from above has the potential to earn $41,300 annually, a 22% increase, and the Class 6 truck can earn $8,500 annually, a 24% increase. Opportunities abound for fleets looking to deploy EVs, with one caveat—fleets must know how to properly measure and report their energy usage and credit-earning. Credit reporting and management is key to success As with other areas of business, the best returns on investment come from proper management and data measurement—the LCFS program is no different. The process involves multiple steps, including registering the appropriate electric meters, reporting accurate data, and selling credits on the LCFS marketplace. Additionally, these data points and credit values vary and change through the year, making monitoring of the LCFS market critical to maximizing revenue earning. A free resource is available through ACT News to see a brief snapshot of the current LCFS credit market. It’s after the credits are sold that the revenue can be invested back into a fleet’s EV program. From registration to credit sales, Gladstein, Neandross & Associates (GNA) offers expertise and guidance helping fleets navigate the LCFS program and leverage existing or future assets to generate revenue. GNA understands the complex LCFS market and will do the hard work—ensuring the maximum value for a fleet’s credits.
Star Wars was not the first work of space opera to involve energy “swords.” And while George Lucas was heavily indebted to writers that came before him, it certainly wasn’t the last either. Almost every movie and comic in the genre since 1977 borrows something from Star Wars (even if they can’t call their rip-offs “lightsabers” for copyright reasons). Nevertheless, anyone who sees a lightsaber and hasn’t been living under a rock obviously thinks “Star Wars.” That “elegant weapon from a more civilized age,” as Obi-Wan described it, is one of the most iconic elements of the Star Wars universe and one of the coolest weapons in science fiction. Everyone loves lightsabers. Who born in the past 40 years didn’t have fun playing with toy versions as a kid? But do you know how a lightsaber is made? This is a question you can answer two ways: there’s the question of how they’re produced in canon, and how the physical prop is built for the movies. This list contains 15 cool facts about lightsabers you might not have known before. It contains both information about the weapon’s place in the Star Wars universe and the behind the scenes wizardry that brought it to life on the big screen. 15. MADE FROM CAMERA PARTS How were the original lightsabers in A New Hope designed? The glow was rotoscoped by Korean animator Nelson Shin, who would later go on to found Akom animation and direct the original Transformers series. The actual on-set props were designed by effects artist John Stears, who also worked on the early James Bond films. Two parts were needed to be designed: the hilt and the blade. The blade was coated with retro-reflective sheeting to create an on-set glow, and was replaced with the rotoscope animation in post-production. The main materials used for the building the hilts were the flash battery packs of old Graphex press cameras. These tube-shaped camera components were already designed for lightbulbs to screw in at the top. It made perfect sense to use them to build a light-based weapon. 14. THE SOUND WAS FOUND BY ACCIDENT Sound design, especially for fantasy and sci-fi films, requires a strong sense of imagination and the ability to make abstract connections feel natural. Ben Burtt designed the soundscape of the first seven Star Wars films (he wasn’t part of Rogue One or The Last Jedi but is coming back for Episode IX). His sound design for the lightsabers was part pre-planned, part happy accident. Burtt knew for the hum of the lightsabers, he was going to use the sound of movie projector interlock motors. He didn’t know how to get the crackle sound he wanted. He found just what he needed when he passed a microphone behind a TV set. He recorded the electric interference that came on the microphone and the rest is movie history. 13. THE ORIGINAL CHOREOGRAPHER WORKED ON EVERYTHING Bob Anderson choreographed the lightsaber battles in the original Star Wars trilogy. Though his expertise was in fencing, he decided the OT’s fights should borrow more from the slower movements of kendo. If you’re wondering why the physicality of Vader’s lightsaber technique improved in Empire and Jedi, part of it might be because Anderson himself filled in as the stunt double for Darth Vader. If Anderson only choreographed the Star Wars movies, that’d be enough to prove his talent, but his resume was a lot bigger. Before Star Wars he did stunts for the James Bond movies. After, he choreographed the fights in The Princess Bride, The Mask of Zorro, The Lord of the Rings trilogy and the first Pirates of the Carribean. Basically if there’s an awesome swordfight in an English language film made before 2012, you probably have Bob Anderson to thank. 12. GEORGE LUCAS MIGHT CALL THEM “LASER SWORDS” Who knows what George Lucas’ thought process is in regards to his massive creation? Why did he make the decisions he did in the prequels, or in the gagillion Special Editions? There are so many stories of his eccentricities you can’t always tell what’s real and what stories are just screwing with you. Case in point: in 2006, a rep from Industrial Light and Magic told Stephen Colbert that George Lucas calls lightsabers “laser swords,” as they were called in the first draft of the script. When Colbert asked Lucas to have a “laser sword fight” during his show’s commercial break, Lucas then responded, “Most people call them lightsabers.” Was someone pranking Colbert or does Lucas really not call them “lightsabers?” The world may never know. 11. SAMUEL L. JACKSON SPECIFIED MACE WINDU’S LIGHTSABER Samuel L. Jackson really wanted to be in a Star Wars movie. He’d have been fine just being a Stormtrooper, but when he arrived on the set in London, he found out he was playing Mace Windu. Given a significant character, Jackson was sure to put his own distinctive spin on the character. Mace Windu’s lightsaber is purple, a mix of the traditional Jedi blue and Sith red, because Jackson demanded it to be. He wanted the character to make an impression on audiences (and to be honest, the characters’ dialogue on its own wouldn’t have done that). Jackson owns the original prop hilt, which has the inscription “BMF.” What that stands for can’t be written on this site, but it’s the same as what’s on Jackson’s wallet in Pulp Fiction. 10. FIRST USE IN CANON: GREAT SCOURGE OF MALECHOR Who first invented the lightsaber within the Star Wars universe? In the current canon, nobody knows that yet. In 2014, Lucasfilm declared the old Expanded Universe non-canonical, rebranding those stories as Star Wars Legends, to clear the way for the new movies. Within the current canonical Star Wars universe, the earliest instance of lightsaber usage was in the Great Scourge of Malachor. The Great Scourge was a battle between the Jedi and the Sith on the planet Malachor thousands of years before any of the movies took place. Neither side won, as the Sith temple superweapon killed everyone on the planet. It was shown in a vision in Marvel’s Darth Maul #2. The petrified battlefield was discovered in the Star Wars Rebels episode “Twilight of the Apprentice.” 9. LEGENDS CONTINUITY ORIGINS: THE FIRST BLADE In the Star Wars Legends universe, the evolution of lightsabers is explored in more depth. A precursor invention, the forcesaber, used a dark side energy capable of corrupting Je’daii (that’s not a typo; Je’daii was a balance-focused order from before the Jedi). Lightsabers, capable of freezing light and without the forcesaber’s corrupting influence, are all modeled after The First Blade. The First Blade is the invention of a Je’daii known as The Weapon Master. The Master’s identity is unknown, but fans theorize that they could be Je’daii forger Tem Madog. The First Blade is introduced in the MMORPG Star Wars: The Old Republic. Its appearance in the game looks far more advanced than other protosabers, but it possibly could have been altered over the millenia. 8. MESS UP THE CONSTRUCTION, CAUSE AN EXPLOSION While lightsabers come in many variations, there are certain components all lightsabers must have. They all need modulation circuits, an energy gate, some kind of activator, a blade emitter shroud and an emitter matrix. It’s that last piece, the emitter matrix, which requires the most careful handling. If inverted, the emitter matrix will destroy the lightsaber’s power grid. In the mildest of cases, the inversion simply shorts out the lightsaber. In the worst case scenario, the malfunctioning weapon explodes, possibly killing those close by. You can see one such explosion in the Clone Wars episode “A Test of Strength.” In that episode, Petra intentionally inverts a lightsaber’s matrix to take out some pirates intent on stealing said lightsaber. This is a medium-level accident, stunning but not killing the pirates. 7. THE ORIGINAL LUKE KENNER TOY HAD A YELLOW LIGHTSABER If you were a kid in 1978, you needed to have the Kenner Star Wars action figures. These toys were in such high demand Kenner actually got away with selling “Early Bird Certificate” preorders as its main product for Christmas of 1977. These toys allowed kids to play out their favorite scenes from the movie. However, something was different about the toy version of Luke Skywalker. The issue was the color of the lightsaber. Luke’s lightsaber in the first two Star Wars movies is blue, but the toy’s is yellow. What inspired this mistake? Was it an intentional change, the result of unfinished reference footage or just an accident? Whatever the case, yellow lightsabers eventually appeared in canon in the Clone Wars episode “The Wrong Jedi.” 6. ZILLO BEASTS ARE LIGHTSABER RESISTANT Is there anything you can’t destroy with a lightsaber? Most of the time, the only way to block a lightsaber attack is with another lightsaber or a similar energy conducting weapon. In Legends continuity, there are a number of obscure lightsaber weaknesses. These include alchemy, certain metals, Tikulini worms and, unless specially designed to deal with it, water. One of the only obscure weaknesses that’s confirmed in the current canon is Zillo Beast hide. The only way to subdue a Zillo Beast is to stun it between the cracks in its armor. The only way to kill one is with toxic Malastarian fuel. Otherwise, it’s basically indestructable. People long believed the species to be extinct, but a live Zillo Beast was unearthed in the Clone Wars episode “The Zillo Beast.” 5. THE INQUISITORIUS HAD SPINNING LIGHTSABERS If lightsabers with a single blade are awesome, it follows that double-bladed saberstaffs like the one used by Darth Maul are double awesome. With greater power, however, comes greater responsibility not to cut your own fingers off by accident. Shouldn’t there be some sort of safety precautions when it comes to wielding a double-bladed lightsaber? The spinning dual-bladed lightsabers used by the Inquisitorius, the agents hunting down the remaining Jedi following Order 66, resolve this safety issue while also adding extra attack capabilities. There’s no change of your hand slipping when you wield one of these lightsabers due to the circular rim. Not only does the rim protect the user’s hand, it also allows the blades to spin, a power which gives the user the ability to fly. There are design flaws, however: if the rim was damaged it’d be extra bad news for the user. 4. THERE’S SUCH THING AS A DARKSABER A darksaber sounds like it would be opposite of a lightsaber, but actually it’s just a shorter lightsaber with a curved black blade. There’s only one in existence, an ancient artifact created by Tarre Vizla, the first Mandalorian Jedi. There are seven confirmed darksaber wielders known in the Star Wars universe, the most well known of which among casual Star Wars fans is Darth Maul. The darksaber initially symbolized leadership over House Vizsla, one of the major Mandalorian political factions. Over time, it came to symbolize Death Watch, a splinter group opposed to Mandalore’s pacifist government. Maul gained posession of the darksaber due to Death Watch joining his criminal alliance, the Shadow Collective. Sabine Wren, one of the main characters of Star Wars: Rebels, possessed it during the Age of the Empire. 3. THERE ARE SEVEN FORMS OF LIGHTSABER COMBAT The seven forms of lightsaber combat were first labeled in the 2002 tie-in book Star Wars: Attack of the Clones: A Visual Dictionary. The 2015 book Star Wars: Absolutely Everything You Need to Know confirmed the same categorization is still canonical. Form I, Shi-cho, is the oldest form created by the Jedi. Form II, Makashi, is the standard for Sith duels. Form II, Soresu, is more about defense than attacking. Form IV, Ataru, is acrobatic and useful for defending against projectiles. Form V, Shien, defends against laser attacks and uses an unconventional reverse grip. Form VI allows for a combination of double-blade lightsaber attacks and freedom to use other Force powers. Finally, Form VII is the most aggressive and unpredictable form, associated with Mace Windu. 2. OVER FOUR TIMES AS STRONG AS HAN’S BLASTER So scientifically, just how powerful is a lightsaber? An infographic from the now defunct website FatWallet estimated the energy devastation in Joules of various sci-fi weapons. Supposedly they consulted with scientists on it, and while this is obviously extremely theoretical, Wookiepedia cites it as a legitimate source, which is about as official as Star Wars authorities get. A lightsaber’s energy devastation is estimated at 1,600,000,000 Joules. For comparison, Han Solo’s blaster is estimated at 342,000,000 and an AT-AT at 75,000,000. The lightsaber’s energy devastation is above the Iron Giant and the Pacific Rim Jaegers and slightly below Gort from The Day the Earth Stood Still. Obviously, the lightsaber’s power is a lot more concentrated in a smaller space than an AT-AT or a Jaeger. A lightsaber might slice through those giant robots, but those could still, like, step on a Jedi and smoosh them. 1. YOU CAN GET LIGHTSABER CHURROS AT DISNEYLAND Is there any form of Star Wars merchandise that doesn’t exist? Somehow Lucasfilm and Disney manage to keep coming up with new ideas for ways to profit off the galaxy far, far away. It’s almost hard to believe that you couldn’t buy lightsaber churros until 2017. The blue and red churros, seasoned with just sugar and no cinammon, are available at Disneyland outside the Star Tours attraction. They’ve also been available at Disney World during limited time events. Alas, the specially hilts were only available as part of a special event, so while you can still buy these churros, you’ll have to hold them with a regular napkin… or you can get your hands messy and hold them yourself. You won’t be judged, and it’s not as if you’re touching an actual lightsaber. - Ad Free Browsing - Over 10,000 Videos! - All in 1 Access - Join For Free!
- The car has been modified for racing. - The machine has been extensively modified. - A word that may be modified by an adjunct. - An automobile specially built or modified for drag racing. - The policy was agreed by the committee, but only in a modified form.
Poetry (fiction), 240 words, Spanish Level J (Grade 1), Lexile 540L In this exciting adventure of dog versus cat, students will enjoy reading a familiar plot. The Chase is full of amusing action and rhyme on every page. Read and Color Books Lesson plans exist for the English version of this book. Teach the Objectives Make, revise, and confirm predictions based on text information Sequence Events : Sequence story events Consonant Digraphs : Identify consonant digraphs Concept Words : Position words Think, Collaborate, Discuss Promote higher-order thinking for small groups or whole class How To Assemble Your Book Fold-Only Double-Sided Book
Thursday, January 31, 2019 Special ed. U.S. history. Fifth period. They had terms to define. "May I use the restroom?" The teacher had given me a list of "no go" students. They had "abused her trust" and had therefore lost out-of-class privileges. So, when the boy asked the question and I heard rumblings of "you're not allowed to go", I made sure to double check the list. Yep, he was one of the three. Oh, he was incensed. Angry at the others for ratting him out. "It's not them," I told him. "Your teacher left me a list, and you're on it." Oh he argued. And whined. And begged. But it sounded to me like he probably left the room and didn't return for half the period. I've had those issues. I'll trust the teacher on this one. I got class started, and then I walked the room. The boy had his head down on his desk. I tried to get his attention, but he wouldn't budge. He was pouting. Okay, fine. I could let his teacher know this. A bit later, he asked me if he could leave the room. This time he wanted water. He was thirsty, and he couldn't work because he was thirsty. So, which was it? Did he need to use the restroom, or was he thirsty? And before you say both... When I told him he couldn't leave, he said he thought he could only not leave for the restroom. He thought a water break would be permissible. I let his teacher know all of this. Perhaps she'll have a conversation with him.
Read and watch Under the circumstances, this is a great opportunity to find out more about someone in your family, school, or community. Watch the following videos to find out what StoryCorps is and explore the question, “Why do stories matter? Preparing for a great interview requires having great questions and lots of practice. Here are some resources to help you plan and practice. First, choose a recording partner, second make a plan for interview day, and third identify great questions to ask. Here are some tools to help you with this: - Introduction Video - No More Questions - Eyes On the Stars - Clean Streets - The Icing on the Cake - Interview Planning Sheet - Great Question List You can use the StoryCorps app if you’re 13 years or older OR if you have the help of a parent. Pick out 10 questions from this list and ask a family member. Write down their answers, and see how many things you learned that you did and didn’t know about them. Think about the same questions you’d ask yourself. Do you think other people would know those things about you? Watch this video on BrainPOP about “Conducting an Interview”. What kind of interview would you want to have? Would you want to be the one asking the questions, or being asked questions? Area & Surface Area: Click on this link to access an activity in which you will plan your own tent. Once you have completed your design, make a model with materials that you can find at home and take a picture and upload the picture by Friday, April 24 using this link. We will post selected pictures to the ELO website next week. In order to upload your poster, you will need to be logged in using your school’s student google account. Watch this video about area and perimeter. Move & Freeze Here’s a fun 4-minute activity to try when you need your next brain break and your body has to move! First, have your child do some warm up stretches: 10-15 arm circles (front and backwards), 15 jumping jacks, running in place for 30 seconds, 10 leg squats, 10 push ups and sit ups then go to GoNoodle and have your child pick a couple of PE/Dance videos. Did you do today’s activities? Push the button below to let us know you’ve completed the activities below: Additional lessons are available for this grade level by pressing “More Lessons” above, or selecting a lesson below: Today's ActivitiesSo...this school year did not end the way any of us could imagine. Despite that, we can still look forward to our future hopes and dreams. The end of the school year is a great time to think about goals. What do you want to accomplish? What do you... Today's Activities Reflect on this image. Talk to another person and share thoughts with each other. Write your responses.Video: Will Smith's Thoughts on Failure Respond to this video. Do you agree or disagree with Will Smith? Explain what experience(s) in your life... Today's Activities'The Present' is a short 4 minute animation created by Jacob Frey. What is your overall response to the short film? Rewatch the film and pause at 2:35. Use at least 5 adjectives to describe the boy during this part of the film. Rewatch the...
Research Paper 30, May 2010 Analysis of the Doha Negotiations and the Functioning Of the World Trade Organization. This paper discusses the principles and scope of activities of the world trade organization, addresses the imbalances in the existing rules and the problems faced by developing countries. Then it elaborated on various specific issues such as, the “Singapore issues”, labour and environmental standards, the “development issues”, market access negotiations and, at last, its functioning in decision-making system. This article was tagged: Agriculture, Doha Development Round, GATS, GATT, Ministerial Conference, Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA), Services, Singapore Issues, Special and Differential Treatment, Tariffs, TRIPS, World Trade Organization (WTO)
Research has already proven travel experiences can contribute to our identities in later life all while creating moments and memories that will last a lifetime. So why are parents wasting hundreds if not thousands on toys instead of just giving kids their time? According to the Telegraph, a survey in Britain showed parents splashing out an average of £508 a year on toys per annum, a depression figure that could be put towards some time away with your nearest and dearest and that will be valued by your children, especially in years to come. If you're looking for more reasons on why you should start putting the pennies away instead of investing in piles of plastic, here are some of the many benefits associated with holidaying together with your family: It's an educational experience. There is nothing like spending quality time in nature whether it's camping, hiking or day-tripping on an interesting adventure. While discovering an abundance of family-friendly outdoor activities both kids and adults of all ages are bound to learn something they will carry with them for life. It gives children a love for new food. Being away from home comforts and the usual food offerings means children have to be a little adventurous at mealtimes. Kids who travel are more likely to try new foods such as fresh fish, local street food and the funkiest spices. It promotes bonding. It's true, spending true quality time together on a family holiday helps tighten the family bond. Research has also proven that moments of togetherness enhance your health and wellbeing with physical connections - a perfect opportunity to disconnect from devices. It broadens the mind. While travelling, children tend to be more inquisitive, asking all sorts of questions. Cultural day trips and excursions of all kinds are educational experiences and give us a clearer picture of the world we live in. Vacations also bring out the inner explorer increasing the curiosity of kids going to different places. Improves social skills. Going on holiday gives children an opportunity to learn about different cultures, languages, living habits and depending on where you are staying they may get a chance to mingle with locals or other like-minded children, opening the opportunity to enhance their social and interpersonal skills. You get to relax. It's a known fact that holidays are stress busters. While away, there's no need to be keeping up with appearances, phones can be switched off and in most cases, alarms are non-existent. On holidays you can kick back, be present and enjoy the moment a little more.
Programm in brief We’re living in a ‘connected world’. People are connected by social media and devices are connected to each other (The Internet of Things). Our lives become more dependent on computers. We’re not aware anymore of how many devices we are using. Think about apps on mobile devices, web applications, (serious) games and cars; all examples of products based on software. Smart people are needed to develop those systems. People with technical skills who are aware of the scope and potential of these applications Content of the programme During the joint propaedeutic phase, you will develop a broad basic knowledge about IT. You will then make a decision: - Software Engineering is about the process of making and improving computer applications, from the first idea to implementation and management of the system. It's more than just programming! - Business Informatics will bring you knowledge about the development of software, the use of IT to support business processes and it will teach you how to provide management with the right information concerning the decision making process. What to expect from us You will be trained to become a versatile IT professional. Practice comes first! Because you will be working together with people intensively, the focus will also be on developing your social and communication skills. A sound knowledge of information systems is essential, but you will also learn how to organize and give advice. This will often be done in group projects, focused on practice with extra guidance. You can always visit your lecturers and student counsellor, to discuss your study plan and study progress. What do we expect from you You are passionate about IT, you are interested in solving complex issues and you are resourceful and accurate. You like to carry through and you are comfortable working in a team. You see opportunities in the meaningful use of technology. Finally, you know how to connect the makers and eventual users of the IT solutions. The Fontys way of studying “The Fontys way of studying” is likely different from studying in your home country. We expect students to not merely study from books, but we expect them to look for solutions to problems themselves (which we call Problem Based Learning). This also means that lectures expect you to actively participate during discussions. Moreover, you’ll need to write reports, solve problems in groups, conduct research and learn how to present solutions. This could mean that you have to adapt to the local culture, as this is likely different than what you are used to. Our approach does require some responsibility and initiative from your side. Nevertheless, in the end, you’ll see that this approach prepares you very well for the job market after your studies. Why study at Fontys? We offer an education which prepares you for the job market. We do so by staying in constant contact with the working field. While teaching we provide you with the required theory, consequently, we will ask you to implement this theory into practice by means of different projects, such as writing a business plan. We do so since you’ll need to put your knowledge into practice too when you’re ready with your studies. Special about studying at Fontys and appreciated by students is our open door policy. This means that it is easy for you to ask lecturers questions and ask for their feedback. How to apply For instructions regarding the application procedure, please refer to the study programme of your choice at fontys.edu.
Monogamy isn’t popular in the amphibian world. From frogs to salamanders, life in cold blood is all about meeting new ladies and hitting the road once the kids are born. So the male of a species of Peruvian poison frog (Ranitomeya imitator) stands out by proving that he is quite the keeper. He’s not only the first monogamous frog ever found, he also stays home and makes sure the tadpoles are fed. Scientists studying these frogs say this unusual behavior–monogamy and co-operative parenting–could be directly attributed to the limited resources available to the frogs. They note that a broad study of 404 frog species show that species that deal with reduced food availability and greater difficulty in tadpole-rearing are more likely to have frog couples that work together to raise the young.
One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, a drafter and signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and the first United States postmaster general, Benjamin Franklin was a lot of things. He was a writer, scientist, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, political philosopher, and inventor. Some of his most famous inventions are the lightning rod, bifocal glasses and the Franklin stove – but there are so many other things that you may not know were created by Benjamin Franklin. His first documented invention was swimming fins. At age 11, Franklin made a pair of oval wooden planks with holes in the center for his thumbs. He used those for extra thrust while swimming. Franklin did not invent the reaching tool because he was too short to reach things, he actually created it so he could reach his books. His homes were full of floor-to-ceiling bookshelves, so he needed to figure out a way to grab the books on the top shelves without a step ladder. Connecting two “fingers” to a piece of wood that moved when he pulled on a cable, he was able to grip any book from the highest shelves. After seeing water-filled wine glasses played by Edward Delaval in England in 1761, Franklin designed an instrument to replicate the sound a wet finger makes when rubbed along the rim of a glass. The glass armonica became a popular instrument during the 18th and 19th centuries, and even Mozart and Beethoven composed music for it.
Obesity is one of the major health problems in the modern world and there are virtually thousands of diet plans based on different principles of weight loss. People want to lose weight because obesity hampers their appearance and self esteem, but also because the science today knows that many serious and potentially life-threatening conditions and diseases are caused by obesity, directly or indirectly. Negative calorie diet is just one of the many diet plans, but according to the people who have tried it; it seems to be quite effective. The basics of negative calorie diet The principle behind this diet plan is simple. All it takes is to eat foods that have negative calories. Negative calories are not negative per se, and this just means that certain foods require more calories to digest than the number of calories they actually contain. Most diets work by lowering the number of calories consumed and increasing the number of calories burnt. This diet proposes eating foods that burn more calories when digested. As a result, the body starts burning calories taken from the fat deposits. This diet promises 10 to 14 pound loss in just one week of eating foods with negative calories. Food contains carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber, minerals and vitamins which stimulate the digestive enzymes to break down the calorie in the food. A negative calorie diet not only stimulates the enzymes to break down the nutrients, but also to use calories stored in fat. This increases the body’s metabolism, which promotes weight loss. One piece of cake has approximately 500 calories and it requires 200 calories to digest. This means that 300 calories are added to the stored fat as a result. One the other hand, one stalk of celery has about 5 calories but it requires much more to digest. Negative calorie diet foods Foods that are supposed to be eaten in this diet are fruits and vegetables that are high in vitamins and minerals and low in calories. This include asparagus, broccoli, lettuce, beets, onions, carrots, cucumber, tomatoes, spinach, peppers, garlic, endive and many more, and as for the fruits, the best ones are apples, berries, pears, pineapple, grapefruit, lemon, oranges, limes, mangos, peaches, watermelons and similar. Some experts claim, though, that this diet, especially if followed for a longer period, depletes the levels of calcium and protein, since it prohibits calcium sources like milk and dairy products, as well as significant sources of protein, like meat. This is why it is recommended to consult a doctor or a dietitian before starting this diet.
E-waste is an assemblage of obsolete and defective electronic products which include televisions, radios, mobile phones, printers, rechargeable batteries, air conditioners, digital calculators, motherboards, computer screens, tablets, cameras, fax machines and other similar items. Electronic devices and gadgets tend to transmute into e-waste within short time. This implies that many homeowners have abandoned their outdated domestic products that work through the process of electrical connection. Hence, home owners must devise a way to dispose of these products so as to avoid a clutter filled space and also ensure a tidy indoor living area. E-waste is projected to snowball at a high peak over the next few years; however, there’s existing activity of long-term dumping of electronic refuse in landfill locations. This had initiated a ripple effect on the lithosphere and subsurface water. The health implication is that human beings are subject to noxious toxins that can lead to anomalous growth of body cells or mutation. E-waste recycling is the process by which electronic products are remodeled, using special recycling technology, into new products or as ancillary production resources. You can throw away your old TV by contacting recycling agents. They are skilled in the removal of junk from residential apartments. Recycling companies usually follow these standard protocols when metamorphosing the state of useless electronic waste. These include collection, conveyance, grinding, arrangement/treatment, segregation, and preparation for sale. Santa Rosa is the biggest known city in the heart of Sonoma County. In 1978, the Santa Rosa environmental department made adequate provision for compact waste disposal facilities at a central zone in the County. Disposal of e-waste in Santa Rosa can be quite daunting because there are some electronic products that are prohibited for dumping in the County’s landfill. Televisions are mostly difficult to throw out randomly because they have hazardous components hazardous to the environment. For instance the circuit board and the components in the cathode ray tube are handed off to professionals who harnesses the rare-earth elements and invaluable metals such as gold and platinum from the television. In recent times, TV users, who are also technological enthusiasts, get absorbed by big screen TVs because they prefer a cinematic experience indoors. These types of televisions are good but when it comes to disposal, there are a number of options which seem good but are in fact environmentally unacceptable. Burning a television is not a good proposition for a safe Earth project; however, one can donate it to a special recycling firm or advertise the functioning parts for resale on the Internet. These selections are subject to the current serviceable condition of the television. If you can’t cope with the stress that may arise from destroying your TV manually, it is better for you to hand it over to professional e-waste recycling centers in Santa Rosa. They will get rid of it for you and also save you from unplanned municipal fees as long as you have made payment for transport and removal. Modern day flat screen televisions will not give you problems when you want to add a new TV to your collection or get rid of it, unlike the archaic analog types. There are recycling firms in Santa Rosa that do not accept archaic CRT TVs but Best Buy can assist you if you pay them for it. Professional companies in Santa Rosa have a clear understanding of disposal requirements in the city; this is why you can’t throw out your old TV without considering the laws guiding the disposal of different categories of e-waste in the city. We at Junk King Sonoma practice safe and convenient waste disposal. Contact us for more information on how you can efficiently and effectively manage your ewaste and TV disposal project.
Key Stage 3 The department uses the National Curriculum as a basis for planning varied, yet focused, schemes of work for the first three years. There is the flexibility available for individual teachers to create and develop schemes of work which reflect their particular interests. The focus in all three years of Key Stage 3 is on reading, writing, spelling and grammar, enabling all pupils to become confident and competent in these areas before taking GCSEs. Students begin studying texts for their GCSE Literature course in the summer term of year 9. Expectations are high and all pupils will find themselves challenged and extended in English classes. Target setting is an integral part of KS3: targets are negotiated with individual pupils which are then monitored and reviewed during the course of the school year. Pupil progress is closely tracked and used as a guide in setting targets, determining sets and later, entry levels for public examinations. Key Stage 4 Year 10 and 11 pupils follow the Edexcel Specification for GCSE English Language and GCSE English Literature. Results in both subjects are excellent with a 100% pass rate. Texts currently being studied for the Language and Literature examinations include Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, An Inspector Calls, Journey’s End, Jekyll and Hyde, as well as a wide range of poems from the 20th century and earlier. Since coursework has been removed from the syllabus, students are given time to prepare for assessments, with essays written in supervised, timed conditions. The department organises a wide range of lunchtime and extra-curricular activities. Weekly clubs include a lower school Debating Club. The department organises regular theatre visits during the course of the academic year. These have included visiting Stratford-upon- Avon to see the RSC’s Arabian Nights and The Heart of Robin Hood (Year 7), Charlie and The Chocolate Factory (Year 7), The Lord of the Flies (Year 9), Journey’s End (Year 11), West Side Story (Year 10), Othello, Sam Mendes’ The Tempest and Dr Faustus for years 12 and 13, and lecture days on examination texts for the Sixth Form. Additionally, we have entered a year 7 team in The Times’ national Spelling Bee competition, and the Year 8 debating team in the English Speaking Union’s ‘Great Climate Change Debate’. Our Intermediate public speaking team compete successfully at local and regional level in Rotary public speaking competitions. We were also very proud that several of our students achieved success in creative writing competitions: one student won a national competition to see her work printed in The Times newspaper, and another won the ‘Write Now’ Parliamentary Press Competition, winning an award for her political blog. Recently Year 7 and 8 students have won national writing competitions organised by ‘Headlight’ and the National Federation of Builders (NFB). Please click on the link to view: Key Stage 5 The specification aims to encourage and to extend an enjoyment and appreciation of English Literature based on an informed personal response to a wide range of texts. A Levels from 2015 – linear assessment The new A Level will be fully linear so assessment of a student’s knowledge and understanding will take place at the end of two years of study. Proposed changes to AS Levels The new AS Level qualification, for first teaching in September 2015, will not count towards the final grade of an A Level, but will be a separate, standalone qualification in its own right. Course Content (A Level) - A minimum of 8 texts studied - An unseen element - Unseen text preparation is not included in the 8 texts studied - 3 texts pre-1900 inc. Shakespeare - A Post-2000 text - Component 1: Shakespeare, and Drama and Poetry pre-1900 - Component 2: Close Reading, Comparative and Contextual Study - Component 3: Comparative Essay Coursework (20%) Course Content (AS Level) - A minimum of 4 texts studied - No coursework - Component 1: Shakespeare and Poetry pre-1900 - Component 2: Drama post-1900 and Prose post-1900 English Literature Requirements - An A Grade in both English Language and English Literature - An interest in reading - A student should enjoy exploring the issues inherent in the texts such as characterisation, the language and the social, historical and cultural contexts of the text - Writing - a fluent, accurate style is essential - Independent minded - Will challenge opinions and ideas - Good at shaping and creating written arguments - Enjoys all aspects of culture, popular and otherwise: cinema, television, theatre, music - Is hardworking - Shared 50/50 between 2 senior members of the English Department - Group work/individual preparation for seminar - Written, reading and research/preparation homework English Literature beyond A Level English Literature is widely regarded as one of the most rigorous of academic disciplines and is accepted in higher education as an indication of a student who is fascinated by and able to assimilate new ideas, and one who is able to communicate articulately both orally and in writing. Science degree courses, including those at Oxbridge, will accept an AS or A2 in English Literature as an indication of a well-rounded student. Careers and Support Subjects The list is endless. An English Literature A level is widely-regarded as an academically rigorous course and all universities offer a huge range of courses which comprise modules of English Literature, ranging from single honours in the subject to such courses as English Literature with Drama/Theatre Studies/Film/a modern foreign language/Business Studies and many others. The choice is extensive. Career opportunities are many but include teaching, law, politics, journalism, television and radio, film, business administration, management, advertising, sales, tourism and leisure. A degree with English Literature opens hundreds of doors.
Run by the Foundation Napoleon on the subject of Napoleon Bonaparte and Napoleon III. [In French and English.] Contains a gallery of paintings. Contains a biography and descriptions of battles. Relates how Napoleon's corpse was moved from St Helena to France. Companion site to PBS documentary: Empires - Napoleon. Contains a timeline, interactive battlefield simulator, reference materials, and online discussion. Excerpts from the document which Catholic schools used in teaching about Napoleon. A translation of Napoleon's speech to his army before his exile to Elba. Some personal memories from French courtier Madame de Rémusat. Presents the theory that Napoleon was poisoned. Contains a forum.
Summer runtimes are defined as having a 100% Watering Index value. You can use your existing summer schedule that you may have already set up. View the Set Up a Base Watering Schedule page for specific information on how to do this. Show All Answers The Watering Index (%) is a simple way to represent and understand plant water needs. It is based on weather conditions, such as: solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, wind, and other factors. Summer represents 100% of maximum water needed for plants. Use the chart below, along with site conditions, to find the right watering index value for your yard! Maximize water savings by using the Green Drought Value as a starting point and go up from there. Many new(er) sprinkler timers have a seasonal adjust option (or % adjust) that you can use. To do so, first program your sprinkler times for summer conditions (100% seasonal adjustment factor). You can then just use the seasonal adjust feature to adjust the watering index to the appropriate percentage. For example, if it's October, you use a watering index of 50-60% and your sprinkler runtimes will automatically be cut by about half based on your summer (100%) schedule. Most modern sprinkler timers have a feature that lets you use a Watering Index – it is often called a "Seasonal Adjust" or "Water Budget" feature. The Watering Index (%) modifies your sprinkler controller's watering runtimes. It does this by controlling the watering runtimes for all electric valves managed by your sprinkler controller. By adjusting the Watering Index on your sprinkler controller, all your watering runtimes are either increased or decreased. The adjustment is effectively a percentage (%) of the maximum watering runtime allowed by the sprinkler controller for each valve. As an example, if you water for 6 minutes in summer (at a 100% Watering Index), a 50% Watering Index setting would reduce sprinkler runtimes to 3 minutes. The Watering Index (%) is a tool to help you adjust watering times for the current weather. The Watering Index (%) suggests when adjustments should be made, but you have to be proactive by paying attention to the health of your landscape. If your plants look stressed after setting your Watering Index (%) on your sprinkler controller (i.e. “Seasonal Adjust” or “Water Budget” feature), then make practical adjustments from there based on what your landscape is telling you. You may increase the Watering Index (%) slightly, or if the issue is specific to a certain sprinkler valve, go back to the sprinkler controller and adjust the runtime for that zone. For help on how to program your sprinkler controller, consult your controller's instructions, view videos on how to adjust your specific type of sprinkler controller, or also view the Set Up a Base Watering Schedule page.
I had the privilege of performing the first single-incision small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure in the world, and I have watched this procedure usher in a new paradigm in refractive surgery. A BRIEF HISTORY OF SMILE SMILE was developed in 2008 as an extension of the femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) procedure, in which a femtosecond laser was used to cut a flap and a lenticule. The flap was then lifted and the lenticule removed. AT A GLANCE - Because SMILE uses a small incision and therefore minimizes the cutting of corneal nerves, studies have suggested that it leads to greater corneal sensitivity and a better tear profile postoperatively compared with LASIK. - In several published studies, results of SMILE for the treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism have been equivalent to those for LASIK. - A multicenter study is under way evaluating SMILE for the treatment of hyperopia, but this treatment modality is not yet available to surgeons outside the trial. In SMILE, the flap is replaced with a small incision. The surgeon uses the »VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec) to cut both surfaces of a lenticule within the cornea (Figure 1). The lenticule shape is determined by the eye’s refractive error. The surgeon then removes the lenticule through a small incision that was also made by the femtosecond laser when the lenticule was created (Figure 2). SMILE offers several advantages over femtosecond LASIK (see SMILE vs LASIK below). Since 2008, the procedure has seen several refinements. The laser delivery has been improved in a number of ways to decrease visual recovery time: The scanning direction of the laser was changed, the laser speed was increased from 200 to 500 kHz, the spot energy was decreased, the spot and track distances were changed, the instrumentation required for separation and removal of the lenticule has been refined, and the shape of the lenticule and the way astigmatism was corrected were changed to improve results in the treatment of astigmatism. Further, several surgeons have developed techniques to compensate for cyclorotation of the cornea in the treatment of high astigmatism. SMILE VS LASIK SMILE has several advantages over femtosecond LASIK: - It requires only one laser, which reduces both capital costs and the cost per procedure; - It improves workflow because the patient does not need to move from one laser to another; - The total energy used in SMILE is less than is used in femtosecond LASIK; - Because the procedure involves cutting rather than ablation, there is less scatter in the results, as ablation rates are dependent on factors such as the hydration level of the cornea; and - The small incision opens the possibility of better biomechanical stability and fewer dry eye symptoms postoperatively. The range of treatments used to be from spherical equivalent of -0.50 D to -10.00 D of myopia. The upper range has now been increased to -12.50 D (Editor’s note: outside the FDA-approved range in the United States). With more refined instrumentation, the incision size has also been reduced. Many surgeons, myself included, now remove the lenticule through a sub–3-mm incision. Initially, retreatments with SMILE were a concern, but for several years now software on the VisuMax laser has allowed surgeons to convert the SMILE cap into a flap (Editor’s note: This software is not yet available in the United States). Retreatments with an excimer laser are then possible after lifting the flap. Techniques are also being developed to perform enhancements using only the femtosecond laser. In several published studies, results of SMILE for the treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism have been equivalent to those for LASIK.1 Studies have also reported better results in high myopia with SMILE than with conventional femtosecond LASIK.2 Other studies have found that the amount of wavefront aberrations induced after SMILE were less than or equivalent to those induced by wavefront-compensated femtosecond LASIK.3 A multicenter study is under way evaluating SMILE for the treatment of hyperopia, but this treatment modality is not yet available to surgeons outside the trial. Many surgeons have attempted to preserve the lenticules that are removed during SMILE. The lenticules have then been used to treat hyperopia by inserting the lenticule into a pocket created in the cornea with a femtosecond laser. Another use of the lenticules has been to enhance the biomechanical strength of corneas with ectatic disease. Because SMILE uses a small incision and therefore minimizes the cutting of corneal nerves, studies have suggested that it leads to greater corneal sensitivity and a better tear profile postoperatively compared with LASIK. This is a major benefit of SMILE and a reason why many patients find the procedure attractive. SMILE obtained FDA approval for the treatment of myopia in 2016. Since then, it has become popular in the United States. Worldwide, more than 1 million SMILE procedures have been performed to date. The procedure is well on the road to changing the way that refractive surgery will be performed in the future. 1. Zhang Y, Shen Q, Jia Y, Zhou D, Zhou J. Clinical outcomes of SMILE and FS-LASIK used to treat myopia: A meta-analysis. J Refract Surg. 2016;32:256-265. 2. Vestergaard A, Ivarsen A, Asp S, Hjortdal JØ. Femtosecond (FS) laser vision correction procedure for moderate to high myopia: a prospective study of ReLEx flex and comparison with a retrospective study of FS-laser in situ keratomileusis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013, 91(4):355-362. 3.Agca A, Demirok A, Cankaya KI, et al. Comparison of visual acuity and higher-order aberrations after femtosecond lenticule extraction and small-incision lenticule extraction. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2014; 37:292-296.
Our body and mind are interconnected systems. Many people believe that breathing issues arise from physical ailments. But, in truth, it is not the case; our mental health influences our physical fitness in many ways. For example, shortness of breath and anxiety are related to each other. Experiencing shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea and other breathing problems, are common symptoms of anxiety. While among other physical symptoms, breathlessness caused due to anxiety, it is essential to consider that breathlessness triggered by other factors may also create anxiety. Here, we reveal more about this symptom, how to deal with it and when to consult your doctor. Symptoms of Anxiety and Breathlessness Anxiety is a typical human response to fear, also known as the fight-or-flight response. The billions of years of evolution prepared the human body to react physically yet mentally to fight for life or run away from a life-threatening situation. One of those responses includes shortness of breath – you may feel like you are out of breath, experience stiffness in your chest, or suffocate. In addition, the latest research has disclosed a strong relationship between anxiety and respiratory issues, including difficulty in breathing. Other symptoms of anxiety breathing problems include: - Breathing hastily (hyperventilation) - Stiffness in chest - Experiencing chest pain - Feeling of suffocation - Feel a lump in your throat - Muscle tension - Heart beat palpitations - Feeling dizziness - Nausea or disturbed stomach - Restlessness and irritability The Catalysts of Shortness of Breath and Anxiety The fight-or-flight response, anxiety breathing, and other physical symptoms are evolved to protect you. When you feel anxious, it doesn’t mean you are running for your life – it is how your body responds when you are alive in this world. You experience stiff chest, hasty breathing, shortness of breath, and anxiety because your body is trying to bring more oxygen to your muscles to prepare you to run. Likewise, when more blood gets pumped to your muscles, your heart rate increases, making you feel hot and preparing you to fight. Of course, in today’s modern world, you probably need not often run away from troubles or fight for your life. Chances are low for an attack from wild bears or men with spears and swords. But still, you react when you enter a crowded grocery store or when you think about your work presentation and other anxiety-inducing events. Some of the other catalysts of shortness of breath and anxiety include: - Change in altitude - Wears tight clothes - A sedentary lifestyle Some of the physical ailments in which you may experience shortness of breath and anxiety include: - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - Heart failure or heart attack - Low blood pressure - Blocked upper airways How to Ward Off Shortness of Breath and Anxiety Anxiety attack causes breathlessness, and focusing on your breathing may seem counterintuitive. But, in a real sense, concentrating on your breathing helps you bring it under control and put the right amount of oxygen into your lungs. When you experience breathlessness, you may generally be breathing using your mouth or chest. Diaphragmatic breathing or deep breathing recommended by experts works as it uses the diaphragm, the most efficient muscle for breathing. Some of the benefits of diaphragmatic or deep breathing include: - Slows down your breathing rate - Decreases the need for oxygen - Uses lesser effort to breathe A Few More Ways to Deal with Anxiety and Breathlessness The primary way to prevent breathlessness caused due to anxiety is to practice the breathing technique already mentioned and the techniques going to be said. It is also essential to understand your triggers for an anxiety attack. No one prepares for an earthquake when it strikes; the preparation should be done beforehand. Dealing with anxiety should also be done in the same way. Keep a thought log: You can write down your unconscious thoughts that had triggered your last episode of an anxiety attack. It helps you to identify triggers and to reflect on your anxiety calmly. In addition, writing down your physical sensations, thoughts, and feelings while you experience anxiety and breathlessness helps your doctor treat you well. Practice meditation regularly: Regular meditation helps you reduce your anxiety disorder and anxiety breathing problems. Numerous studies also back this fact. You can also practice mindfulness in your regular activities. Mindfulness helps you become more aware of your body and your anxiety and breathlessness triggers. Mindful eating or a mindful walk will do the job. Get professional help: Anxiety attacks, anxiety disorder, and various other symptoms of anxiety can be solved if you consult and collaborate with a mental health professional. A mental health professional can develop effective strategies to beat shortness of breath and anxiety. In addition, they can help you deal with negative thoughts while you feel anxious and experience difficulty breathing, mainly when anxiety is high or causes distress. When to Consult with your Doctor Shortness of breath due to anxiety can trigger various physical ailments. It is always a good idea to monitor your symptoms of anxiety and do a timely consultation with your doctor to rule out further complications like anxiety disorder. Getting help from a physician can also alleviate your anxiety levels. For instance, many people believe they have a heart attack during an anxiety attack. This fear only worsens the panic from an anxiety attack. Consult your doctor if you experience constant breathlessness, even if it is not linked with anxiety. It’s important to remember that shortness of breath and anxiety, anxiety attacks, and anxiety disorders won’t kill you. And, what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. For example, during anxiety breathing, you never suffocate, you never stop breathing, and more than anything else, you never die from it. Likewise, an anxiety attack never turns into a heart attack, either. It is always good to be fearful about your health as it motivates you to do consistent health check-ups. Once you are cleared of any physical and mental triggers for your shortness of breath and anxiety, hold it as a certificate of good health and as a reminder when you encounter another episode of an anxiety or panic attack.
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary compadrazgo m (plural compadrazgos) - A form of fictive kinship found in a Latin American culture, meaning literally co-parents but referring to co-godparenthood or joint sponsorship of a godchild or ritual object. - Counting on Kin: Social Networks, Social Support, and Child Health Status. Shawn Malia Kana'iaupuni, Katharine M Donato, Theresa Thompson-Colón, Melissa Stainback. Social Forces. Chapel Hill: Mar 2005. Vol. 83 #3; pg. 1137 - Las Comadres as a social support system. Rebecca A Lopez. Affilia. Thousand Oaks: Spring 1999. Vol. 14 #1; pg. 24. - The Forgotten Liberator: Buenaventura Martínez and Yucatán's Republican Restoration.Terry Rugeley. Mexican Studies. Berkeley: Summer 2003.Vol. 19 #2; pg. 331.
GHOSTS OF THE RIVER Study Guide Lesson 4 DVD Feature: Shadow Play Chapter 4: El Corrido Immigration Themes: The Mexican Revolution, Why People Move, Forced Migration General Themes: Mexican Corrido, poetry, musical composition, storytelling with music Arts Expression: Personal Journey Mapping through writing and visual art, Oral History Interviews, Digital Storytelling, Photography and Text Display, Original Shadow Puppet Play, Book making, Music History Research, Songwriting The Mexican Corrido The corrido is a musical form developed in Mexico during the 1800s and originally sung throughout the country. Although still popular in Mexico, over time it became known as “musica de la frontera” (border music) because it was especially popular along both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. This musical-poetic form continues to be popular wherever Mexicans and Mexican Americans live. (The Kennedy Center) The Mexican Corrido is a form of musical folk ballad that has been a typical expression of Mexican life for well over a century. The narrative character of the corrido is demonstrated by the fact that it sings its tale in the first or third person and reflects the popular sense of notable events effecting Mexican society such as violent murders and other spectacular crimes, the daring feats of revolutionary soldiers and bandits, natural catastrophes, train wrecks, love affairs, political intrigues, various humorous episodes, etc. But the lyric quality is what distinguishes the corrido from other forms more than any other for it is the voice of the people singing from the heart, most often accompanied by the lyre's modern Mexican equivalent: the Spanish guitar. The term corrido comes from the Spanish word correr--to run--and refers to the fact that the words of each of the stanzas of four eight-syllable lines characteristic of this genre are sung through without any interruption. [http://carriagehousebandb.ca/corido.html] Forced Migration: Refers to the coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region. It often suggests violent coercion such as slavery and human trafficking, and can also refer to those displaced by conflict or natural disaster. The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that took place roughly between 1910 and 1920, and is recognized as the first major political, social, and cultural revolution of the 20th century. It began with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat [ruler with absolute power] Porfirio Díaz. Over time the Revolution changed from a revolt against the established order to a multi-sided civil war, and after prolonged struggles, its representatives produced the Mexican Constitution of 1917. (http://edsitement.neh.gov, Wikipedia) Throughout history and across cultures, art and music have been used to tell stories. In Mexico, the musical folk ballad, the corrido, is used to tell many stories of the people, but in particular, border stories. In this lesson, students explore these concepts while telling their own journey story through writing and the visual arts. There is a series of possible final projects that include collecting oral history interviews of people who experienced forced migration, researching social consciousness in music history, and writing your own corrido. ● “El Corrido” Video of Play ● “El Corrido” Documentary Film Segment ● World Map (large scale or smaller copies, one per pair of students) ● Copies of El Corrido de los Espantos Lyrics (downloadable pdf coming soon) Begin by screening the video of the scene “El Corrido”, and be sure to have the Ghosts of the River documentary film ready to show the related section after discussing this scene. Before pressing play, let students know that they will be hearing a story about a journey in a traditional Mexican song called a corrido. Share the definition of a corrido and tell students they will be telling the story back to the group after the song is over so to take notes if necessary to catch all parts of the narrative. II. DISCUSS + SCREEN Ask students, “What do you think is the story in this corrido?” Allow them to piece it together as much as they can, then screen the Ghosts of the River Documentary clip about “El Corrido”. Once students have viewed the film clip that shares background from the artists who created “El Corrido”, invite students to pair up and share what new information they learned. As a group, discuss the new information (if there is any), and share anything that may have surprised the students. You may share that this time of migration in Mexico’s history is an example of forced migration as the Mexican families crossing the border were fleeing the violence and war of the Mexican Revolution. III. MAP IT OUT Note: This activity can focus on several different kinds of journeys including students’ trips to class/school or immigration journeys. You can use this mapping framework to capture many kinds of journeys such as: ·· The journey from home to school/ class ·· Emotional journeys (growing up, coping with loss, etc.) ·· Immigration journeys ·· Ancestral journeys Ask students to focus inward individually and to free write or sketch about a personal journey. They can focus on their journey to school, or think of another personal journey—moving, immigrating, growing up, etc. Using words, images or symbolic abstract depictions, ask students to write/sketch a loose outline or ‘map’ of their journey. As an optional tool, consider displaying a world map (or give out copies of a detailed map to each pair of students.) Let them know they may use the map to show their journeys if they include physical and global locations, but remind them that their journey can be any kind they like and that all are welcome. (NOTE: Some students, in particular foster or adopted youth don’t always know their ancestral stories. Be sure to be sensitive to students who may feel anxious about not having information, and encourage any kind of journey by sharing an equal number of good examples of each kind.) IV. SHARE OUT Provide a safe space for students to volunteer to share their journey ‘maps’. After the share out, consider the following project and curricular extensions: - Oral History Project: Embark on an oral history project with people in your community who have fled persecution or violence from their home countries. Using these interviews and personal narratives, create an arts based manifestation of the story or stories through: ○ A series of online audio podcasts ○ A shadow puppet play ○ A photo and text exhibition ○ A self published book - Music and Politics Project: Have students embark on a research project that explores how music has expressed social and historical consciousness, both in the US and abroad (i.e. US Civil Rights Era, German Post WWII, British Punk and Feminism, South African Freedom, Zimbabwean Revolution, etc.) The goal being to learn more about the role music played for society, from patriotism, to social critique to outright protest. You may also explore how censorship and wartime have affected the ways music is treated. - Mi Corrido: Using the structure, style and rhythm of the song “El Corrido de los Espantos”, students may write one or more stanza’s of their own corrido about a personal journey. Their journey map could serve as a starting point. Consider recording the songs and with student permission, share with the school community. - Structure of a Corrido: The stories that corridos tell, either fictional or historical, must be sung in the vernacular language of the people in order to be remembered (whether in English, Spanish or a mixture.) There is some variation in the poetic form, but most corridos have the following structure: ○ 36 lines (6 stanzas of 6 lines each or 9 stanzas of 4 lines each) ○ 7 to 10 syllables per line (sometimes the lines are repeated) ○ Rhyme scheme that varies but most commonly uses an ABCBDB form in a six-line stanza or ○ ABCB in a four-line stanza. (Sometimes couplets are used: AABB.) ○ By tradition, the first stanza provides a setting for the story by either giving a specific date or naming a place. (The Kennedy Center Arts Edge) In Other News Today/ Additional Resources
Finding the Holes In Step 5, you created your first comprehensive description of what your story is about – who’s in it, what happens to them, what it all means, and the story world in which it all takes place. In this step you’ll take a new look at this synopsis to find holes in your story – dramatic elements that are either missing or inconsistent with one another. For a moment, step out of your role as author, and put yourself in the position of your reader or audience. Read over your story synopsis from Step 5. If something doesn’t make sense, is off kilter, or missing, make a note of it. List each point in the form of a question, as this tends to help you focus in on exactly what is needed to fix the problem. When you have finished your novel, your audience will be unforgiving, so be harsh now! Don’t gloss over problems, but don’t try to solve them either. That comes later. For now, just ask questions about everything that bothers you about your story from an audience perspective, as if you were reading someone else’s description of their story rather than your own. If push comes to shove and you are just too close to your story to see many problems with it, share your synopsis with friends, family or fellow writers. Don’t ask them what they think of it – they’ll always pull their punches to be kind. Instead, just tell them to write down any questions they have about your story that weren’t answered in the synopsis – anything they didn’t quite understand or found confusing. Having them state these issues as questions will get you a far better result than just asking their opinion, for they would really like to know the answers. Friends and family are especially much more likely to be frank if they are just asking questions rather than criticizing. Using the example below (based on the Snow Sharks example synopsis provided for Step 5) pick your synopsis apart as thoroughly as you can jotting down every question about it that comes to mind. Questions About Snow Sharks From the synopsis: The government has been developing a new breed of shark that lives in snow rather than water for use as mobile land mines in places such as Siberia or the Arctic. - What branch of the government is involved? - Is this sanctioned or rogue? - Who is/are the scientists behind this? - How long has this program been going on? - How close are they to a final “product?” - Do the sharks breathe air? - Do they require cold (can they live in heat)? From the synopsis: A transport plane carrying them crashes in a storm high in the Rocky Mountains. - What kind of plane? - How many sharks was it carrying? - Do they all survive? - Where was the transport taking the sharks? - Why couldn’t they wait until after the storm? - How many crewmembers are on board? - What are their jobs? - Do they know what they are carrying? - Do any survive? 10. If so, do the sharks kill all the survivors? 11. Is there anything in the wreckage that reveals the cargo, its nature and who is behind it? 12. Is the crew able to contact their command center before crashing? 13. Are they able to convey their location? 14. Is there a rescue beacon? 15. Does the plane carry a “black box.” Using this example as a guide, separate your entire Step 5 synopsis into short sections (as above) and then come up with as many questions as you can (within reason) about each section. Next, in Step 7, we’ll take each question, one at a time, and generate several potential answers that would satisfy them, thereby expanding and enriching your evolving story, even while you fill its holes and fix its inconsistencies. This article is based on our StoryWeaver Step-by-Step Story Development Software that guides you through more than 200 interactive Story Cards from concept to completion of your novel or screenplay. Just $29.95 for Windows or Macintosh.
Pastoral societies often suffer the greatest burdens of water insecurity worldwide. Pastoral women are particularly vulnerable during shocks such as drought; they are the ‘hidden hands’ of production, responsible for many resource management tasks, yet they often lack control over these resources. This project will explore the constraints faced by pastoralist women in northern Kenya during periods of drought and normal periods. It will analyse the roles and responsibilities of men and women, and their access to and control over water resources. A better understanding of the relationship between gender, poverty and water security will help inform gender inclusive and sustainable water security projects. The research team will apply this knowledge to develop a sustainable model for water resource management for community conservancies in northern Kenya. August 2016 – August 2017 © 2017 REACH
Proteins are the building blocks for your body. It is very important to have a good protein diet even if your day to day work does not include much of physical work. We never usually pay attention to our regular protein diet which start showing symptoms when you start having mid life crisis. Proteins help in building and strengthening the muscles. Not just that, it also helps in speedy recovery of tissues, hormones and other body chemicals. Proteins are classified under macro-nutrients. But how much do you really need to sustain a healthy balance? I’d recommend based on your body weight. 1g per kg of weight if you are not into heavy workout. If you are working out and going to the gym regularly(which you should), lifting heavy weights etc and you have an aim to build a really attractive body, you need to double your protein intake. So, for example if your body weight is 75 kilogram, you need to consume 150 grams of protein everyday. There are various studies online of which some suggests that there is nothing like excess of protein if you are taking other macro-nutrients with it in the right form. However, other studies talks about how a body is unable to digest more than 50 grams of protein per meal. In my opinion, people who are indulged in working out, for them, there is no such thing as excess of protein. For the others, who are not able to take out time(which will be an excuse but nevertheless) for themselves, they may want to limit the protein intake after certain levels. Another important feature of protein is that our body does not store excess of it. It will either get converted into fat or will pass away in an undigested form. Usually, these are not the concerns for vegans as they have very limited sources of protein which contains limited amounts of it. Thus, vegans are mostly struggling to maintain their daily quota of intake. I am also a vegetarian although mostly would qualify me as a black sheep because I love eggs. But I cannot consume fleshy products as my instinct does not allow me to. In this post, I will be giving you a complete satisfying protein diet if you are an absolute vegan. First of all let us discuss easily available sources of proteins for a vegetarian. - Cottage cheese - Curd or Greek yogurt - Soy products - Black beans - Dark chocolate - Peanut butter - Dry fruits - Vegan dietary supplements These are all easily available form of proteins which can be consumed in various ways to make the day to day meal interesting for yourself. But consuming recommended intake of protein is difficult by taking naturally available sources. Thus, it becomes essential especially for gym goers to include dietary supplements. Most of us have the dilemma that they have negative impact more than the positive benefit we gain out of it. I have a question to ask from them, while we were young, weren’t we fond of Horlicks or Complan and various other such mixers. But were they really just mixers to improve the taste of the milk? They were also supplements which increased the qualities of the milk. They were supplement for that age. But now since we all are grown up, the requirement of our body has also increased and thus those drinks will now have almost negligible effect on us. Hence, we will need a supplement that is for our current age which would be able to fulfill the current requirement. Let us also discuss the other essential daily intake. The diet that I am recommending below is for the ones who are going to the gym(in evening time) and have a goal to build muscles and not just “staying fit” . Following are the items which we need to consume on a daily basis to maintain protein intake. - 100 grams of cottage cheese - Curd or Greek yogurt twice - Peanut butter smoothie - 1 scoop whey protein - 250 grams of skimmed milk - Boiled Eggs (whites) (Optional) - 2.5-3 liters of water It is important to keep your protein diet up to the mark, otherwise you feel fatigue, out of energy and will not be able to see results. And for vegetarians, it is extremely difficult to fulfill the daily requirement of protein with just milk and related products. Thus, it is vital to fulfill the requirements of the body. And most of all, it is important to work out. Here are the reasons and the motivation you need to hit the gym regularly. Please remember that when you take protein supplements, your stomach gets disturbed if you do not follow proper routine. Follow these easy and natural ways to keep your stomach healthy. 4 eggs boiled(only white)/Mixed dry fruits, 250 grams of skimmed milk with biscuits/oatmeal cooked in milk 100 grams cottage cheese, Apple Full meal (may have brown rice, chapattis, cooked vegetables and curd) Right after workout: Whey protein shake (1 scoop) (I am using carbs free Isopure whey protein) 1 hour later: Peanut butter smoothie How to make it: Ingredients: 100 grams of milk, 100 grams of curd, 2 spoon peanut butter, coffee/chocolate powder, 1 banana. Put all of them in a blender and blend. (It is a myth that you cannot consume milk and curd together. Don’t worry it is a very famous smoothie and is very tasty as well. Just go ahead and try it out.) This is a diet which will provide you sufficient protein intake for the first six months of you regularly hitting the gym. You are not supposed to start this diet from day 1. Once you have completed one month of your training, after that you can start this diet. Before which you can keep the remaining diet same and only remove 1 scoop whey protein and black coffee from the order. We’d love to hear from you about your workout sessions and how this diet chart is helping you out.
Constant moodiness, sleeping in late, copping an attitude, and even being depressed are all seen as typical teenage behavior. But what if your teen just being a teen is really your teen reacting to the effects of sleep deprivation. Teens who are struggling with sadness or even depression may in fact be struggling to clock enough time sleeping each night. The teenage years are already filled with tremendous hormone changes and brain development that affect moods. Sleep deprivation in teens can also severe effect on the physical and mental well being of your teen. Sleep and puberty Current studies show that between 60 to 70% of American teens are mildly to severely deprived of sleep. Understanding that a teen’s sleeping habits change from childhood to adolescence can go a long way to eliminating sleep deprivation. The biggest change teenagers undergo is a shift in their circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythm is basically your 24-hour internal clock that helps you know when to sleep and when to be awake. Your child’s circadian rhythm usually alerts them to be sleepy around 8 pm. When puberty hits, the rhythm shifts a couple of hours latter. Teens’ bodies tell them to go to bed around 10 pm. The natural shift in a teen’s circadian rhythm is referred to as sleep phase delay. Has your teen suddenly struggled to fall asleep at your set bedtime? You might be thinking your teen is suffering insomnia when the truth is their childhood bedtime no longer fits their changed circadian rhythm. The nature of the teenage years brings multiple challenges to the goal of getting adequate sleep. Most teens have a hard time getting enough sleep from their over-packed schedules. Your teen might be struggling with having to go to school earlier, endure eight hours of school, and participate in multiple after school activities. Add in late night studying plus social activities and it’s no wonder your teen is struggling to catch some sleep. The teen body needs sleep in order to cope with the rapid physical, cognitive, and emotional growth that happens. Sleep deprivation in teens mean they are at risk for health and learning issues as well as emotional problems. Sleep deprivation can also put your teen at risk for depression. Dr. Mary Carskadon, a professor of psychiatry at Brown University and director of chronobiology and sleep research at Bradley Hospital in Rhode Island, explains that sleep deprivation puts teenagers into a kind of perpetual cloud or haze. “One of the metaphors I use is that it’s like having an astigmatism. You don’t realize how bad your vision is until you get glasses or in this case, good sleep.” That haze from sleep deprivation can negatively affect a teen’s mood, ability to think, to react, to learn, and to regulate their emotions. Emotions and sleep A lack of sleep can cause a teen to lack the ability to control emotions, impulses, and mood. Depression is not a normal part of growing up. Sleep deprivation can cause lasting effects on the mental well being of even the most resilient teen. Teens who are predisposed to depression will have a more difficult time with the side effects of no sleep. Researchers from the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston found that teens who don’t get enough sleep are four times as likely to develop major depressive disorder than their peers who do get enough sleep. REM sleep helps to contribute to emotional regulation, learning, and memory. Deep sleep helps the brain to digest what was learned during the day as well as helping moods to be stable. Teens who aren’t getting enough sleep often wake up feeling ok, but as the day wears on so does their energy level. Low energy levels can translate to crankiness, irritability, and even depressive moods. If you think about it, regulating your emotions is hard to do when you are sleepy. Depression and suicidal thoughts can be linked with the amount of sleep your teen is getting. If you are worried about your teen’s mood and behavior, you should make an appointment with a physician to evaluate if sleep can be a contributing factor. The best solution for depression linked to sleep deprivation is to get more sleep. The solution is better said than done but a priority should be placed on getting enough sleep. As a parent, you should monitor how much sleep your teen is getting. Take note of how many hours they are clocking every night. Your teen should be getting between nine and ten hours of sleep each night. There are steps you can take if your teen is not getting the recommended amount of sleep. The first step is to set a reasonable bedtime for each night and the same wake up time for the morning. A regular sleep schedule can go a long way towards helping your teen get enough sleep. Another step is to cut out electronics before bed. That means no TV, no video games, no phones, and no electronic devices at least 90 minutes before bedtime. The blue light emitted from electronic devices trick the brain into thinking that it’s no longer time to sleep. The glow of the blue light can delay the release of melatonin, increase alertness, and reset the body’s circadian rhythm. You might consider making the bedroom a technology free zone. Teens are more likely to check social media or respond to texts throughout the night. The temptation to be connected to social media and friends 24/7 is a real problem for teens. In fact, staying up late to be on social media is being termed “vamping” by many teens. Vamping — a reference to vampires who have no need to sleep — is a new trend. Teens are documenting their 'all-nighters' by posting selfies on Instagram from bed, with the hashtags #teen and #vamping. Teens are biologically disposed to stay up latter at night and to sleep in latter in the morning. But most teens can’t complete their sleep cycle because they have to wake up early for school or they are interrupting their cell with technology use. Sleep needs to become a priority. Teens who are able to establish good sleep habits are significantly less likely to suffer from depression or to have suicidal thoughts. Alaska Sleep Clinic is the leader in Alaska for Pediatric Sleep Studies. We know how important your child is to you and are here to help! Call Alaska Sleep Clinic @ (907) 770-9104 in Anchorage, (907) 420-0540 in Soldotna, (907) 357-6700 in Wasilla or (907) 374-3063 in Fairbanks.
The “Historic City of Ahmadabad” has figured on UNESCO’s World Heritage list on 8th July, 2017 during the 41st Session of World Heritage Committee, which makes the walled city of Ahmedabad the first city in India and the third in Asia to be inscribed to the World Heritage List. In the past 3 years alone, India has managed to put five built heritage sites on the world heritage list of UNESCO. India now has overall 36 World Heritage Inscriptions with 28 Cultural, 07 Natural and 01 Mixed site. While India stands second largest in number after China in terms of number of world heritage properties in ASPAC (Asia and Pacific) region, it is overall seventh in the world. Founded in 15th century, the walled city of Ahmadabad, on the eastern bank of the Sabarmati river, has a rich architectural heritage with 28 ASI Centrally Protected Monuments. The urban structures of the historic city of Ahmedabad are distinctive due to their puras (neighbourhoods), pols (residential streets), and khadki (inner entrances to pols) largely made of timber. The historic architecture reflects symbols and myths connected with its inhabitants. The urban fabric is made up of densely-packed traditional houses (pols) in gated traditional streets (puras) with characteristic features such as bird feeders, public wells and religious institutions. It is a unique example of multi-religious and multicultural coexistence. The inscription has been done under Criteria (ii) and (v) as defined in the UNESCO’s Operational Guidelines, 2016. Criterion (ii) refers to the important interchange of human values, over a span of time on development of architecture, monumental arts, town planning and landscape while Criterion (v) refers to being an outstanding example of human settlement and land use. The international recognition to the city is expected to boost the local economy, giving it a tremendous fillip to domestic and international tourism leading to increased employment generation, creation of world-class infrastructure and augmentation of sale of local handicrafts, handlooms and heritage memorabilia.
Elephants have been big subjects in the news lately, with zoos and circuses coming under fire for the mistreatment of these impressive animals, and poaching having a devastating effect on elephant populations, just to make a profit. All the while, conservation groups and animal lovers alike are trying a variety of tactics, like recent ivory crushes, to preserve and create respect for this species. We know that these are intelligent, sentient animals, with evidence of their grieving both humans and other animal companions previously document. But now research is proving that “Asian elephants console others who are in distress with vocalizations and gentle touches,” according to a new report published in the journal PeerJ. Researchers Joshua Plotnik and Frans De Waal observed a group of 26 captive Asian elephants at a Thailand elephant park over a period of a year. Wired explains the process, “The researchers observed the group for nearly a year, recording what happened when one of the elephants became distressed … Plotnik and de Waal found that nearby elephants used both touching and vocalizations to reassure distressed individuals.” Plotnik and Waal’s research sheds light on the emotional lives of elephants, and also demonstrates that there is still so much to be learned about elephants, and even all non-human animals. Lead researcher Joshua Plotnik, a lecturer in conservation biology at Mahidol University in Thailand, said that this study could help improve conservation efforts. According to Wired, he says “Although we know that loss of natural habitat is a real instigator of these problems [human/elephant conflicts], a better understanding of elephant physical and social intelligence could really help us develop comprehensive conservation protocols that take the elephants’ perspective into account.” That’s really a huge part of learning compassion and empathy, simply taking the other’s perspective into account. This research, and all of the work of Think Elephants International, are integral to not only conservation efforts, but in creating a more compassionate world for everyone. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
Burkina Faso is a poor landlocked country with limited natural resources. Deforestation is particularly severe in the country’s arid north, which receives little rainfall and is menaced by desertification. With 80% of domestic energy needs in the country fueled by firewood, Burkina Faso’s deforestation rate is alarmingly high, clocking in at 17.5% between 1992-2002. In addition, desertification and degraded land constrain villagers to clear forests or let their cattle graze freely to be able to feed their families and earn a living To counter this trend, the Livelihoods Fund is supporting an efficient cookstoves and sustainable agricultural practices project. The project has two goals: firstly, to reduce wood consumption and hence decrease deforestation, and secondly to restore degraded land with agroforestry techniques which increase yields and resilience to droughts. The project, which will impact 150,000 people, will be supported by the Livelihoods fund over a period of 10 years. It is co-financed by the French Development Agency (AFD) and implemented on the ground by the local NGO tiipaalga, with the help of SOS Sahel, an NGO operating in the Sahel region, and the CIRAD, an international research center. With the local NGO tiipaalga, Livelihoods Fund is equipping 30,000 households with improved stoves. These stoves are made from “Banco” which comes from inexpensive locally-sourced ingredients: manure, straw, water, and clay (or termite ground termite mound). The stoves will reduce wood consumption by up to 60% compared to the traditional 3-stone Burkinabe stoves, which will help minimize deforestation and bring benefits to the local women (i.e. less time spent collecting firewood, reduced health risks thanks to less smoke exposure, etc.). The Livelihoods-Tiipaalga project will cover 9 communes and 222 villages in the provinces of Bam and Loroum in the country’s north. The €1.7 million project, started in 2014, will be carried out over 10 years. It will generate 689,000 tons of carbon credits and save 40,000 tons of wood at its completion! What sets this project apart from Livelihoods’ other clean cookstove project (in Kenya) is that there are no costs spent on the production or delivery of stoves, as they will be made by the local women themselves. The costs of this project thus go entirely towards teaching local women how to manufacture their own eco-friendly household cookstoves. The project will be supported by an extensive network of more than 2,000 women leaders in the villages who oversee the training sessions. Following the training sessions, a permanent contact is maintained in each village after the initial mobilization period. Since the beginning of 2016, with the support of AFD, the Livelihoods project offers training to farmers in 30 villages to move to sustainable practices. These simple, affordable and efficient practices aim at restoring land degraded by droughts, overgrazing and erosion. Practices include: stone rows, zaï, human-assisted natural regeneration practices. A “warrantage” system is also being implemented with support from SOS Sahel to make farmers less vulnerable to market fluctuations and seasonality. Learn more. Also, a community garden is being implemented in each of the 30 villages involved in the project. These community gardens are managed by women, who receive a small plot, seeds, access to water and equipment. They contribute to increase food security for families and improve their revenues with a new activity. The social and environmental impact In addition to having a real impact on women’s health by reducing their exposure to noxious smokes and improving their daily lives, the project generates social benefits for them. By putting women at the center of the project with a true transfer of know-how, it contributes to the the improvement of local women’s position in the villages. It is expected that after a few years, the women will become sufficiently good at the “banco” technique that they will not need assistance to repair their stoves or build new ones. Additionally, with the support of tiipaalga, this project will also promote the local economies in the villages by launching a self-administered microcredit fund (to enable 2,000 women leaders to launch additional revenue-generating activities like sheep fattening). Lastly, this project will help increase food diversification through sustainable farming practices. In a region where malnutrition impacts 20% of population according to UNICEF, trees are an important source of food (fruits, nuts, honey, etc.) and offer a source of complementary revenues as well as fodder for cattle. Validation level of the project This project is registered by Gold Standard. AFD : www.afd.fr/lang/en SOS Sahel: sossahel.ngo
Definition von depress Video: pronunciation of 'depress' Beispielsätze, die depress enthalten Diese Beispiele wurden automatisch ausgewählt und können vertrauliche Inhalte enthalten. Lesen Sie mehr ... That sounds depressing - what do you mean? The Sun (2016)It's the usual story, but no less depressing for being familiar. Times, Sunday Times (2016)This perhaps sounds dark and depressing but it is not. Times, Sunday Times (2007)Such a loss can make anyone very depressed. Get the Best out of the Rest of Your Life (1990)There was something very powerfully depressing about it. Times, Sunday Times (2008)This is not as depressing as it sounds. The Vitality Diet (1990)And being depressed will make the pain harder to bear. The Sun (2016)Just think of how physically drained you feel when you become worried or depressed about something. Life Without Work (1994)It sounds depressing if all that matters is if your mother has sharp elbows. Times, Sunday Times (2009)Is there not something a bit depressing though about the fact that robots are needed at all? Times, Sunday Times (2015)Her boyfriend sounds depressed but your lover cannot be responsible for his wellbeing. The Sun (2015)But this is not nearly as depressing as it sounds. Times, Sunday Times (2007)You may be fit but your libido is draining away and you may risk getting depressed unless you make some changes. The Sun (2015)There is something rather depressing about the idea that we have to be paid extra for something we should do anyway. Times, Sunday Times (2011)The bare statistics make depressing reading. Times, Sunday Times (2009)You know when you are depressed, you want to hide. Times, Sunday Times (2013)She doesn't want anything to depress him or get in the way of his recovery. Times, Sunday Times (2006)It's less depressing than watching the news. The Sun (2011)That your flat is considered to be within legal standards only makes Troubleshooter depressed. Times, Sunday Times (2009)I took the less depressing option. Times, Sunday Times (2012)In a questionnaire afterwards, the first group said they felt more depressed and were less interested in social activities such as parties. The Sun (2012)But I think people are s o depressed they just want to get away. The Sun (2009) Trends von depress Manchmal verwendet. depress ist eines der 30.000 am häufigsten verwendeten Wörter im Collins Wörterbuch Übersetzungen für depress Britisches Englisch: depress VERB If someone or something depresses you, they make you feel sad and disappointed. I must admit the state of the country depresses me. Definition von depress aus Collins Englischen Sprache New collocations added to dictionary Collocations are words that are often used together and are brilliant at providing natural sounding language for your speech and writing. Unlock language with the Paul Noble method No books. No rote memorization. No chance of failure. Your chance to have a one-to-one lesson with best-selling language expert Paul Noble, try a FREE audio sample of his brand new Mandarin Chinese course. Collins Dictionaries for Schools Our new online dictionaries for schools provide a safe and appropriate environment for children. And best of all it's ad free, so sign up now and start using at home or in the classroom. We have almost 200 lists of words from topics as varied as types of butterflies, jackets, currencies, vegetables and knots! Amaze your friends with your new-found knowledge! 13th edition of the Collins Dictionary out now! Updated with all the very latest new words and senses, this new 13th edition is an unparalleled resource for word lovers, word gamers, and word geeks everywhere. #homeoflivingenglish Join the Collins community All the latest wordy news, linguistic insights, offers and competitions every month.
Nasal irrigation, which for many is synonymous with the neti pot, is one of the tools used in Ayurveda as part of basic daily hygiene. Simply put, it cleans out the nose and sinuses with salt water and ensures they stay clean. On a deeper level, though, the function of nasal irrigation has to do with maintaining balance in the kapha dosha. A dosha is an energy pattern, and according to Ayurveda each day the body moves through a series of dosha changes, from predominance in kapha (earth/water) in the morning, to pitta (or the fire element) at midday, to vata (air) in the evening. The kapha-predominance of each waking morning often results in sluggishness and congestion residing in the upper part of the body. Using the neti pot as part of your morning routine helps relieve some of the kapha excess in the nasal area (manifested by mucus accumulation), and by extension, benefits the eyes, ears, throat, and entire body. Neti pots come in many designs made from a variety of materials. It is best to choose an unbreakable one that won't react with the salt water it will be mixed with. To prepare the salt water, mix one heaping teaspoon of sea salt in a half-liter (or pint) of warm, purified water. The salt creates a higher osmotic pressure than water alone, meaning that it helps nasal and sinus fluids flow into the water and get flushed out, rather than absorb the water and stay put. Fill the neti pot with the prepared water and hold it in the left hand. Bring the spout into the left nostril, lean over a sink, and as the head is tilted to the right side, tip the pot up to get the water to flow. Breathe through the mouth. The aim is to get water to flow into the left nostril, around the area inside the nose and sinuses, and out the right nostril. Do this for 15 to 30 seconds, then change sides. It might take a couple of tries to get the right alignment. Anyone can benefit from this practice, although it is especially recommended for people with chronic respiratory congestion, frequent colds, and sinus headaches or pressure. Those with conditions such as chronic nose bleeds, nasal polyps, or a severely deviated nasal septum should talk with their health care providers before using the neti pot, to assure that it won't exacerbate the condition. Ayurvedic physician Robert Svoboda was the first Westerner to receive a license to practice Ayurveda in India. His newest book is Light on Relationships (Samuel Weiser,2001).
Year-to-date tornado count also on record pace NOAA’s Storm Prediction Center is now estimating around 600 tornadoes touched down last month, far exceeding any previous April. The previous most active Aprils occurred in 1974 and 1957 when 404 and 407 tornadoes were estimated (after upward adjustments for reduced reporting), respectively. In other words, April 2011’s count is likely to be a remarkable 50% greater than any prior April on record. It’s also likely (but not certain) that April 2011 will be the most active of any previous calendar month on record (since 1954). The current record holder is May, 2003 when 542 tornadoes were recorded. Year-to-date, NOAA’s Storm Prediction Center estimates there have been 881 tornadoes, a staggering 300 more than than the previous highest year on record, 2008, when 559 tornadoes were reported at this time. SPC cautions the 2011 numbers are not yet “official” as it is still sorting through the various reports. Harold Brooks, a research meteorologist at SPC, says the 881 year-to-date tornadoes and 600 tornadoes in April are just estimates but probably accurate to within 5-10 percent.
Get the complete project » - The Complete Research Material is averagely 52 pages long and it is in Ms Word Format, it has 1-5 Chapters. - Major Attributes are Abstract, All Chapters, Figures, Appendix, References. - Study Level: BTech, BSc, BEng, BA, HND, ND or NCE. - Full Access Fee: ₦4,000 1.1 Background to the Study An insurgency is known to be an armed rebellion against law enforcement or an authority. Usually, insurgency arises whenever a group of dissatisfied persons decides to stage an armed attack against the government of a country. As such, recruitment for insurgency becomes very easy since the common indicator of an insurgent is dissatisfaction with governmental policies, which thus feed into finding outlets for the seething grievances. This translates to the fact that the justification for engagement in uprisings against the government is that such is a fight for a just cause that might be beneficial to their country in years ahead. An instance of insurgency is the Communist insurgent group in the Philippines, traceable to the early 19th century, precisely 1968 and still exists till date. It has outlasted martial law and four democratically elected governments. Despite what many consider as anachronistic ideology, the insurgency has endured, because many of its criticisms like income inequality, human rights abuses and broader social injustice still resonate with some Filipinos. Equally, since the 1960s, the Southern region of Thailand experienced the same dimension of insurgency challenges as the Philippines, and this is still ongoing. It started as an ethnic conflict, involving 4 provinces- Songkhla, Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat. Since onset, the insurgents have become increasingly violent. The insurgency formed from these four provinces was ruthless and sees no reason for negotiating either with the government or with other insurgent groups. Thai analysts believed that foreign Islamic terrorist groups were infiltrating the area and that foreign funds and arms were being brought into the country; this has served as both the major cause and driver of insurgency in Southern Thailand. The United Kingdom has also had its fair share of insurgency. The Jewish insurgency in Palestine dates back to 1939-1948 at the British Mandatory Palestine. It occurred as a result of violent campaigns carried out by Jewish underground groups against the British forces and officials which led to the death of dozens of British soldiers, Jewish militants and civilians. Insurgency in Nigeria can be dated far back to 20th November 1999 and is still existing till date and it is stronger than it has ever been before. It‟s concentrated in the Northern states of Nigeria but most prominent in Borno state. Looking back at the history of Nigeria, there has not been any serious and intense insurgent group which led to death of over 1500 people since it started. Although there were crisis and conflict among ethnic groups, nothing made headlines like the Boko Haram insurgent group in Nigeria. Before we go into proper analysis of the activities, aims and movement of the terrorist group, we have to have an idea of the word „terrorism‟. Terrorism is gotten from the root word „terror‟ which simply means instilling fear into people. It‟s usually random and unpredictable. The practice of terrorism can be traced back to 1st century AD Sicarri Zealouts who got their name from hiding sicae or small daggers in their cloaks in order to kill Romans who offended them publicly. Since then, every country has had its fair share of terrorists whose sole aim is international recognition or causing fear and havoc in the state. Various terror attacks include bombings, car attacks, kidnapping, arson or hijacking a commercial aircraft. Boko Haram simply means education/westernization is forbidden. It‟s officially called Jama‟atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda‟Awati Wal-Jihad meaning people committed to Prophet Mohammad‟s teachings. Boko haram stands for outright rejection and total unacceptance of any laws that are not Islamic. They greatly frown at Western culture, Western education and modern science. They want strict Islamic laws to prevail in Nigeria in its purest and most impeccable form. Hence, they believe they are doing the country a favor by killing and destroying „infidels‟ and people who do not believe in Allah. They believe they are fighting a Holy war. Yusuf Bala Usman (1979) observed that: The intermediary bourgeois (the ruling elite) cannot claim political leadership openly on the grounds that he is, or wants to be an exporter, shareholder, reinter or rich bureaucrat. He has to take over as an Ibo, Hausa, Idoma or Efik… the manipulation of religion in Nigeria today is essentially a means of creating the context for this fancy dress ball, for this charade of disguises. Ever since the Usman Dan Fodio jihad in the early 18th century, Northern Nigeria has always been a highly sensitive ground for religious activism because they at that time refused to separate religion from politics (Ajayi 1990:55-65). Mohammed Yusuf in 2002 founded the Boko Haram group in Maiduguri, Borno state although there were speculations that the group had been existing since 1995. Boko Haram sees Western education and democracy as corruptive and immoral. Their main targets are non-muslims whom they also refer to as infidels. They have a certain ideology which is based on their religion that anyone who does not worship Allah and abide by the sharia law, should be killed. They believe strongly that they are on a mission, a holy war which they call it, to eradicate non-believers of Allah. They kill people who engage in practices that are un-Islamic such as adultery 3 and drinking alcohol. Mohammed Yusuf, the father of the insurgent group in an interview with BBC in 2009 said „…like rain, we believe it is a creation of God rather than an evaporation caused by the sun that condenses and becomes rain. Like saying the world is a sphere. If it runs contrary to the teachings of Allah, we reject it. We also reject the theory of Darwinism…‟ Darwinism was founded by Charles Darwin and it states that all species grow and develop through natural selection of variations that increase the individual‟s ability to survive and reproduce. Yusuf was said to have condemned the reading of books other than the Quaran. Some Scholars maintain that boko haram is an outgrowth of the Maitatsine movement in early 1980s whose main goal was the purification and strict adherence to Islam (Adesoji, 2011). The Maitatsine sector evolved to confront the pretentious ruling elites through several religious uprisings (Oyovbaire, 1980: 20-22). The Maitatsine was led by an immigrant, Alhaji Maitatsine and it consisted of various religious fanatics. They were well known for assaults and murder of both the rich and the poor and anyone who does not conform to the teachings of the Quaran. This occurred in Northern states such as Sokoto, Kano and later Borno. Boko haram drew its roots from the Maitatsine group and followed their objectives but their organizational structure is more in line with the Taliban (Danyibo, 2009) .By 2009, there we increased fights between the group and the police which led to the arrest of Yusuf as well as other fighters. In what was called extrajudicial killings In the first seven years of operation, the insurgent group was said to be rather peaceful and also redrawing themselves from society, hereby moving into the north-eastern areas. According to former boko haram leader, he claimed they were attacking the police because they killed their brothers. He claimed the reason for their retaliation was the fact that Muslims in Nigeria were being killed and the authorities were doing nothing about it. He also emphasized his hatred for the political system in the country and swore that more blood will be shed if nothing is done about it. It has been established after wide research that Boko haram is linked with the Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) which usually assist newly recruits in weapon handling, use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and combat training. Fingers have also been pointed at some prominent politicians in the North for being sympathizers of the group but till date, no hard fact has proven this. 1.2. Statement of the Problem In taking a critical look at the insurgent group, there are a number of problems that caused the insurgency. Before the boko haram came into existence, Nigeria had recorded no act of terrorism. And aside the experience of the Maitatsine‟s insurgency in 1984/85 and militancy in the oil laden Niger Delta between the close of last century and the start of the 21st century, the country did not witness any form of insurgent attack within its confines. Although people had their varying perspectives of the government and the system alike, there was never any case of any group getting furious to the extent of engaging in arson, kidnapping or carnage. You either get what you want or your money back. T&C Apply You can find more project topics easily, just search SIMILAR POLITICAL SCIENCE FINAL YEAR PROJECT RESEARCH TOPICS » CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION Nigeria is highly heterogeneous and multi religions with over two hundred ethno linguistic groups and the Niger Delta regio...Continue Reading » 2. AN ASSESSMENT OF INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC) AND THE MANAGEMENT OF THE 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA» CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The INEC was established by section 153 of Nigeria’s 1999 Constitution. It is responsible f...Continue Reading » » CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Nigeria is richly endowed by providence with human and material resources critical for national development and advancement. ...Continue Reading » » ABSTRACT Climate change has been at the heart of desertification in Sub Saharan Africa. One of such migrant groups affected by the menace are the herd...Continue Reading » » CHAPTER ONE; INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Leadership is commonly seen as an important variable affecting organizational performance. In organi...Continue Reading » » CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Machiavelli has gained the world popularity because of the way he conceived and understood politics....Continue Reading » 7. THE RELEVANCE OF POPULATION CENSUS TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN NIGHERIA. (A CASE STUDY OF ORUMBA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN ANAMBRA ...» abstract the project is on the relevance of population census to economic development of rural areas in nigeria (a case study of orumba north local go...Continue Reading » 8. GOVERNMENT ORGANISED NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (GONGO) AND SOCIAL WELFARE ISSUES IN NIGERIA: AN ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF “FIRST LADIES” N...» CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Non governmental organizations are largely staffed by altruistic employees and volunteers working towa...Continue Reading » » ABSTRACTThe history of human existence is replete with one form of violence or another. Violence is therefore not a recent development. It has occurre...Continue Reading » 10. THE CRISIS OF CITIZENSHIP IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF INDIGENE-SETTLER CONFLICT IN JOS-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, PLATEAU STATE» ABSTRACT The thesis examined the crisis of citizenship in Nigeria with particular attention to indigene/settler conflict in Jos North area, rooted on ...Continue Reading »
Aurelius Augustinus. Raised in a philosophically-mixed family (his mother was a Christian, his father was not), Augustine converted to Christianity as an adult. He advocated introspective meditation, denunciation of the flesh, and the importance of self understanding. Since true knowledge comes from God, examining the world is of limited value. For Augustine, the soul is composed of memory, understanding and will. Sometimes called the first of the Christian philosophers, Augustine’s views dominated western Europe for nearly 1000 years. Augustine believed that truth comes directly from God through introspective self-examination. For Augustine, the soul is a self-contained entity with no physical dimension. It is a trinity of memory, understanding, and will.
Article #1: Living Without Eating by Dr. Herbert M. Shelton In March, 1963, newspapers around the world described the almost incredible story of the seven weeks deprivation of food and the survival of Ralph Flores, a forty-two-year-old pilot of San Bruno, California, and twenty-one-year-old Helen Klaben, a co-ed of Brooklyn, New York, following a plane crash on a mountain side in Northern British Columbia. The couple was rescued March 25, 1963, after forty-nine days in the wilderness in the dead of winter, over thirty days of this time without any food at all. By means of a fire, a lean-to and heavy clothes in which they wrapped themselves, they managed to withstand the bitter cold. During the first four days after the crash, Helen Klaben ate four tins of sardines, two tins of fruit, and some crackers. Twenty days after the crash, the pair took their last “food”—two tubes of toothpaste. Melted snow became their diet, for breakfast, lunch, and the evening meal. “For the last six weeks,” she explained, “we lived on water. We drank it three ways: hot, cold and boiled.” Varying it in this way helped reduce the monotony of their single item menu of snow. Miss Klaben who was “pleasing plump” at the time of the plane crash, was happily surprised, at the ordeal’s end, to learn that her weight loss totalled thirty pounds. Flores, who was more active during their enforced fast, had lost forty pounds. Physicians who examined them after the rescue, found them to be in “remarkably good” condition. Many thousands of men and women have gone without food for much longer periods, not only without harm, but with positive benefits. Periods of abstinence under such taxing conditions as the ones these two people endured and survived are extremely rare. One of Sweden’s distinguished biochemists, Dr. Ragnar Berg, a Nobel Prize winner and an authority on nutrition, says, “One can fast a long time, we know of fasts of over a hundred days duration, so we have no need of fearing that we will die of hunger.” The actual time period of abstinence forced upon Mr. Flores and Miss Klaben was of relatively moderate duration. The question is not how long man can fast, but what are the provisions of nature that enable him to do so. Wear and waste, repair and replenishment, are continuous and almost simultaneous processes in all living structures, and none of these processes halt during a fast. The hibernating animal in the far north must produce sufficient heat to maintain body warmth. Both man and animal, while fasting, must breathe and the heart must continue to pulsate. The blood must continue to flow and the organs of elimination must continue their work of freeing the tissues of waste. The vital functions of life must be carried on, even if at a slightly reduced rate. Cells must be replenished, wounds must be healed. All of this, as I know from years of observations, goes on during a fast. All manifestations of life—movement, secretion, digestion, and similar processes—depend upon the use of the materials of the body. If an organ is to work, it must be supplied with the materials with which to work. In the absence of fresh supplies with which to replace those that have been used up, the organ wastes and weakens. If life is to continue, a basic irreducible level of activity is imperative. Even the hibernating animal, with activities reduced to a bare minimum consistent with continued life, must breathe and the heart must pulsate. An understanding of the process by which the body nourishes its vital tissues and sustains its essential functions during prolonged abstinence, and the sources upon which it draws, will help us understand how the body can survive periods when outside food is not available or cannot be digested. The normal body provides itself with a store of nutritive materials that are put away in the form of fat, bone marrow, glycogen, muscle juices, lacteal fluids, minerals and vitamins. Always the healthy body maintains in store adequate nutritive reserves to tide it over several days, weeks, or even over two or three months of lack of food. This remains true whether fasting is enforced, as in the case of a plane crash or of entombed miners, or is brought on by illness where one cannot swallow or digest food, or by free choice as in voluntary fasting to lose weight. When food is not taken, the body draws upon its reserves with which to nourish its functioning tissues. As this reserve is used up, weight is lost. Basic in the fasting process is the fact that our “built-in pantries” contain sufficient nutriment to hold out, in most instances, for prolonged periods, especially if they are conserved and not wasted. In the blood and lymph, in the bones and especially in the marrow of the bones, in the fat of the body, in the liver and other glands and even in the individual cells that make up the body, are stores of protein, fat, sugar, minerals, and vitamins which may be drawn upon during periods of scarcity or when food is not usable. Neither animal nor man can survive prolonged abstinence from food unless he carries within himself a store of reserve food on which the body can call in emergencies. The fasting organism will not be harmed by abstinence so long as the stored reserves are adequate to meet the nutritive requirements of its functioning tissues. Even thin individuals carry a reserve of food in their tissues, to tide them over periods of abstinence. These people too, may safely fast for varying periods. By a process known technically as autolysis, achieved by enzymes in the tissues, these stored reserves are made available for use by the vital tissues to which they are carried by the blood and lymph as required. Glycogen or animal starch stored in the liver is converted to sugar and distributed, as needed, to the tissues. It is significant that, even in prolonged fasts, no beriberi, pellagra, rickets, scurvy or other “deficiency disease” ever develops, thus showing that the reserves of the body are generally well balanced. Fasting has been shown to improve rickets and calcium metabolism. In anemia, the number of red blood cells are increased during a fast. I have observed benefits in pellagra during a fast. The biochemical balance may be maintained and even restored while fasting. It is important to know this, for if it were not so, the fast would prove to be deleterious. Numerous animal experiments have shown that underfeeding, as contrasted with overfeeding, tends to prolong life and to provide for better health. Other experiments involving fasting rather than underfeeding, have shown that fasting not only prolongs life, but results in a marked degree of regeneration and rejuvenation. Thousands of observations of both man and animals have established the fact that when the physical organism goes without food, the tissues are called upon in the inverse order of their importance to the organism. Thus fat is the first tissue to go. The stored reserves are used up before any of the functioning tissues of the body are called upon to supply nutrients for the more vital tissues such as the brain and nerves or the heart and lungs. As it feels among its supplies for proteins, sugars, fats, minerals, and vitamins, and redistributes, utilizes, and conserves these stores, the fasting organism exercises an ingenuity that seems almost superhuman. The aggregate of tissues of the organism may be regarded as a reservoir of nutriment which it may call in any direction or to any part as needed. But these tissues are not sacrificed indiscriminately. On the contrary, wastage of those organs that are primarily essential to life is repaired by withdrawal from less essential organs of materials required by the more important ones. Many of the necessary nutritive constituents, and this is especially true of certain minerals, are vigorously retained. Studies made on men and animals to determine losses of various tissues and organs in prolonged abstinence from food have almost all been made on organisms that have died of starvation. Starvation and fasting are two totally different stages of abstinence. It should be quite obvious that the extreme losses seen at the starvation stage of abstinence are far greater than they are in a fast of reasonable length. Extreme weight losses are not experienced in any normal fast. Where they occur, the fast should be broken. One must differentiate between fasting and starving. To fast is to abstain from food while one possesses adequate reserves to nourish his vital tissues; to starve is to abstain from food after his reserves have been exhausted so that vital tissues are sacrificed. We are not left unwarned as to when the reserves are nearing exhaustion. Hunger returns with an intensity that drives one to seek food, although during the fast proper, there is no desire for food. This differentation between fasting and starving should help to dispel any notion that starvation sets in with the omission of the first meal. Contrary to popular and even professional opinion, the vital tissues of a fasting organism, those tissues doing the actual work of life, do not begin to break down the instant a fast is instituted. The fasting body does lose weight, but this loss, for an extended period, is one of reserves and not of organized tissues. The efficiency of the living organism in regulating the expenditure of its resources during a fast is one of the marvels of life. In periods of abstinence, the less important organs of the human being, although they waste consequent upon the withdrawal of substance from them with which to nourish the more vital tissues, do not undergo degeneration until the starvation phase of the period of abstinence is reached. The atrophy of muscles may be no greater than that seen to occur from a lengthy period of physical inactivity, while there is no loss of muscle cells. The cells grow smaller and the fat is removed from the muscles, but the muscle retains its integrity and a surprising amount of strength. Loss of weight varies according to the character and quality of the tissues of the individual, the amount of physical and emotional activity engaged in, and the temperature surrounding the faster. Physical activity, emotional stress, and cold and poor tissues all provide for more rapid loss. Fat is lost faster than any of the other tissues of the body. Bodily condition is, perhaps, the chief determiner of how long one may safely fast. In the case of the two who survived the plane crash, and went four weeks without food, for example, they had snow which is water and this kept them from the danger of dehydration. They could live without food; the lack of water would have been fatal. Voluntary or involuntary, the faster must have water. It is clear then that fasting must be carried out intelligently, with proper precaution, and with common sense. Precisely as a novice swimmer would seek expert guidance and advice before starting on a long swim, so the inexperienced faster must obtain reliable guidance as a precautionary measure before launching upon a fast of any extended duration. Reprinted from Fasting Can Save Your Life - 1. What Is Fasting? - 2. History Of Fasting - 3. Why We Should Fast - 4. The Body’s Innate Wisdom Guides Us During A Fast - 5. What The Body Does When You Fast - 6. Juice Dieting Vs. Fasting - 7. What A Fast Cannot do - 8. Questions & Answers - Article #1: Living Without Eating By Dr. Herbert M. Shelton - Article #2: Fasting In Nature By Dr. Alec Burton