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1,990
| 3
|
M City made public the work of issuing shares for the first time in more than 20 years, with a total of eight companies listed. To this end, a newspaper in M City investigated more than 5000 people on the issue of stock issuance. The results show that the non-investors in the public have a moderate evaluation of the offering prices of the eight companies, and the above people do not make an evaluation because they have no stock speculation experience. Obviously, more than 1/5 of investors think that the stock offering price is on the high side and that the low one is close to zero, but this should be regarded as more natural, and most people who buy things tend to think that things are expensive. Old investors also think that the price of new shares is on the high side.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options can be inferred from the above words?
|
[
"The issuing price of the stock is on the high side, so there are very few buyers.",
"The reasons why the old investors choose not to buy new shares.",
"Among the public, non-shareholders have a moderate evaluation of the price of new shares and may consider buying.",
"Most people in the city know very little about stocks."
] |
1,632
| 1
|
There are many and complex reasons that affect climate change in a region for a long time or in a certain period of time. So far, people have been unable to explain the impact of various factors on climate change. However, it can be asserted that even with the development of human society, on the whole, natural factors are still the leading factors affecting climate. Human activities are still not enough to affect the basic attributes of regional climate. It is not enough to cause huge climate changes such as glacial period or interglacial period.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is mainly explained in this paragraph?
|
[
"The climate of a region is the result of the joint action of many factors.",
"The basic attributes of regional climate mainly depend on natural factors.",
"Human activities are not enough to have an impact on the climate of a region.",
"Human understanding and analysis of climate influencing factors are not enough."
] |
4,728
| 0
|
All Henan migrant workers in Beijing have applied for temporary residence permits. All personnel applying for temporary residence permits have obtained employment permits. Some migrant workers from Henan came to Beijing to become doorkeepers. Some students of martial arts schools have become gatekeepers. All martial arts school students have not obtained an employment permit.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
If the above is true, which of the following cannot be determined to be true?
|
[
"Some Henan migrant workers in Beijing are students of martial arts schools.",
"All Henan migrant workers in Beijing have obtained employment permits.",
"Some guards have employment permits.",
"Some guards don't have an employment permit."
] |
4,950
| 1
|
In a restaurant, the dishes in the recipe belong to Sichuan cuisine, and the dishes ordered by Mr. Wang include Sichuan cuisine. Therefore, there is no Hunan cuisine in the dishes ordered by Mr. Wang.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
In addition, which of the following can make the above argument stand?
|
[
"The restaurant stipulates that if you order Sichuan food, you don't need to order Hunan food, but if you order Hunan food, you must order Sichuan food",
"The restaurant stipulates that you cannot order Sichuan food if you order Hunan food, and vice versa",
"Mr. Wang is from Sichuan and only likes Sichuan cuisine",
"Mr. Wang is from Hunan, he likes Hunan cuisine"
] |
8,002
| 3
|
Why are some leaders unwilling to assume the coach role in the management process? Why are many leaders reluctant to spend time and ask to teach others?On the one hand, it takes a lot of time to coach employees, and the leader's time is the most precious resource. Another reason is that whether the coaching of subordinates can achieve the expected results is a difficult thing to say. Because there are a lot of knowledge and methods that are only to be understood. Not to be said. From a deeper level, the role of coaching requires leaders to have the qualities of psychologists and educators, which is also difficult for ordinary people.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is most suitable for the title of this paragraph?
|
[
"Is inefficiency the fault of the leader?",
"Team consciousness needs to be strengthened.",
"How can we ignore staff training?",
"It's easy to be a leader, but difficult to be a coach."
] |
4,478
| 2
|
Wild animals and plants refer to animals or plants whose own or previous parents came from the wild environment, or obtained by artificial reproduction or cultivation, but still need to introduce individual genes into the wild from time to time.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, the following are wild animals and plants?
|
[
"Recently, the panda cubs born in a giant panda protection base are Pingping, and their parents are the second-generation pandas artificially bred in the base",
"Scientists have conducted a large number of cultivation experiments and successfully obtained Cordyceps sinensis, an ideal substitute for wild Cordyceps sinensis",
"Environmental protection workers go to the wild to find wild crocodile eggs or injured adult crocodiles and put them in the crocodile reserve",
"The second generation of artificially bred Chinese sturgeon spent its infancy in the protection base and was released into the wild environment in adulthood"
] |
4,939
| 3
|
The crime of major flight accident refers to the behavior of aviation personnel who violated the rules and regulations, causing a major flight accident and causing serious consequences.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the definition, which of the following is the crimes of major flight accidents?
|
[
"Fugitive A used a dagger to coerce the pilot to land in a certain township, which resulted in the deaths of a large number of villagers",
"A passenger plane was hit by heavy rain while taxiing, and the driver made a decision to stop taking off. As a result, the passengers were stranded at the airport for 48 hours",
"When the pilot was chatting with the stewardess, the plane deviated from the original route",
"The pilot of the plane smoked while driving in order to be refreshed, and the plane caught fire and crashed"
] |
12,850
| 1
|
The solution to any environmental problem that is not the result of government mismanagement can only lie in major changes in consumer habits. But major changes in consumer habits will occur only if such changes are economically enticing. As a result, few serious ecological problems will be solved unless the solutions are made economically enticing.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
The conclusion drawn in the argument above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
|
[
"Major changes in consumer habits can be made economically enticing.",
"Few serious ecological problems are the result of government mismanagement.",
"Few serious ecological problems can be solved by major changes in consumer habits.",
"Most environmental problems that are not the result of government mismanagement are major ecological problems."
] |
7,031
| 0
|
The issue of government function and cost has always been controversial, but the research in this field seems to be in a state where the views and positions are far from consistent. An important reason is the limitation of research perspectives and methods. Generally speaking, this kind of research has two ideas. One is to abide by the presupposition of neoclassical economic theory, think that the market can effectively solve the problems in economic and social development and hold the small government viewpoint; The author believes that in order to solve this dilemma, we must have a new theoretical vision and new research methods, and the new classical economic theory is one of them.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The next most likely part of this passage is which of the followings:
|
[
"Theoretical framework and research methods of emerging classical economy",
"How does the new theoretical vision help to improve the administrative efficiency of the government",
"Limitations of theoretical presupposition of neoclassical economics",
"Reasons for the contradiction between government functions and costs"
] |
12,590
| 0
|
Consumer: The latest Chintan Report suggests that Omkar prepackaged meals are virtually devoid of nutritional value. But the Chintan Report is commissioned by Dilip Foods, Omkar' s largest corporate rival, and early drafts of the report are submitted for approval to Dilip Foods' public relations department. Because of the obvious bias of this report, it is clear that Omkar' s prepackaged meals really are nutritious.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The reasoning in the consumer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
|
[
"treats evidence that there is an apparent bias as evidence that the Chintan Report's claims are false",
"presumes, without providing justification, that Dilip Foods' public relations department would not approve a draft of a report that was hostile to Dilip Foods' products",
"fails to take into account the possibility that Omkar has just as much motivation to create negative publicity for Dilip as Dilip has to create negative publicity for Omkar",
"draws a conclusion based solely on an unrepresentative sample of Omkar's products"
] |
14,739
| 2
|
Scientists agree that ingesting lead harms young children. More lead paint remains in older apartment buildings than newer ones because the use of lead paint was common until only two decades ago. Yet these same scientists also agree that laws requiring the removal of lead paint from older apartment buildings will actually increase the amount of lead that children living in older apartment buildings ingest.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the scientists' beliefs?
|
[
"Other sources of lead in older apartment buildings are responsible for most of the lead that children living in these buildings ingest.",
"The money required to finance the removal of lead paint from apartment walls could be spent in ways more likely to improve the health of children.",
"Removing lead paint from walls disperses a great deal of lead dust, which is more easily ingested by children than is paint on walls.",
"Lead-free paints contain substances that make them as harmful to children as lead paint is."
] |
8,516
| 3
|
Affected by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, the global economy has stopped growing or even retrogressed, and cross-border trade has tightened more or less in both developed and developing countries. In this case, the available funds of both countries and enterprises are relatively tight, and the demand for capital turnover is getting higher and higher, which undoubtedly makes the traditional trade model of large transaction volume and long account period difficult to sustain. in order to avoid capital risk, the government and enterprises divide the original trade model into a number of small trade, while shortening the account period, coupled with the Internet and convenient logistics. This new trade pattern is becoming more and more popular all over the world.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings is the main content of this text?
|
[
"Internet and Logistics are the prerequisites for the popularity of emerging trade models",
"The subprime crisis has directly affected the scale of traditional cross-border trade",
"Small cross-border trade helps enterprises and governments to avoid capital risks",
"Economic crisis has become a booster for the development of small cross-border e-commerce"
] |
4,503
| 3
|
Viral marketing is a kind of marketing method in which the originator sends the initial information of the product to the user and then relies on the user's initiative to carry out word-of-mouth propaganda. This strategy is like a virus, using rapid replication of information to thousands, even millions of audiences.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following is viral marketing?
|
[
"By developing customers as a marketing channel, a company encourages them to market its products to more people.",
"An enterprise holds an advertising creative design contest, allowing consumers to design their own advertising related products.",
"A company randomly sends a product ad via email and informs the reviewer that they can participate in the lottery.",
"After a business uses the advertisement word of originality propaganda, the netizen retransmits makes it quickly become catchword."
] |
122
| 2
|
It is known that there are 6 balls, 3 are wooden balls, and 3 are leather balls. Among them, 5 balls are stained with red paint and 4 balls are stained with blue paint.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following statements may be correct?
|
[
"Two leather balls are stained with blue paint but neither is stained with red paint",
"None of the three wooden balls stained with red paint is stained with blue paint",
"Two wooden balls are stained with red paint but neither is stained with blue paint",
"Only one of the three wooden balls stained with blue paint is stained with red paint"
] |
14,215
| 1
|
For several years, per capita expenditure on prescription drugs in Voronia rose by fifteen percent or more annually. In order to curb these dramatic increases, the ministry of health prohibited drug manufacturers from raising any of their products' prices. Even though use of prescription drugs did not expand after this price freeze, per capita expenditure for prescription drugs continued to increase by a substantial percentage each year.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the ministry's action did not achieve its goal?
|
[
"In addition to imposing a price freeze, the government encouraged doctors to prescribe generic versions of common drugs instead of the more expensive brand-name versions.",
"After price increases were prohibited, drug manufacturers concentrated on producing new medications to replace existing products.",
"After price increases were prohibited, some foreign manufacturers of expensive drugs ceased marketing them in Voronia.",
"Improvements in manufacturing processes enabled drug manufacturers to maintain high profit levels on drugs despite the price freeze."
] |
11,624
| 0
|
Having lived through extraordinary childhood circumstances, Robin has no conception of the moral difference between right and wrong, only between what is legally permitted and what is not. When Robin committed an offense, Robin did not recognize the fact that it was a morally wrong act, despite knowing that it was illegal.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
From the statements above, which one of the following can be properly inferred?
|
[
"Robin did something that was morally wrong.",
"Robin could now be brought to see the moral difference between right and wrong.",
"Robin's childhood could have provided more adequate moral training even in the circumstances.",
"Moral ignorance is never excusable in the eyes of the law."
] |
11,719
| 2
|
A neighborhood group plans to protest the closing of the neighborhood' s only recreation center on the grounds that to do so would leave the neighborhood without local access to a recreation center. Our neighborhood already has the most residents per center of any neighborhood in the city, complained one resident, and closing this center would make the situation unacceptable since access to recreational facilities is a necessity for this neighborhood.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Each of the following, if true, weakens the resident's argument EXCEPT:
|
[
"Programs that are routinely filled at other recreation centers must be canceled at the neighborhood's recreation center due to lack of interest.",
"As people become more involved in computers and computer games, recreation centers are becoming increasingly less important.",
"A large number of the neighborhood's residents are unable to travel outside their locality to gain access to recreational facilities.",
"Often the recreation center in the neighborhood is open but not being used."
] |
10,401
| 0
|
Due to the aging population, the German government is facing a dilemma: if the pension system is not reformed, pensions will be unsustainable. Policies to solve this dilemma include increasing the proportion of pension contributions, lowering the level of pension payments, and raising the retirement age. Among them, raising the retirement age has faced the greatest resistance, and governments that implement such a policy may lose a large number of votes in the next election. But the German government completed the legal process in 2007 to raise the retirement age from 65 to 67.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following statements, if true, best explains why the German government took the risk with this policy?
|
[
"In 2001, Germany established the upper limit of pension contributions by law, and in 2004, the lower limit of pension payment was determined. The two policies have been used to the extreme",
"In order to reduce pressure, the German government has stipulated that from 2012, a 20-year transition period will be used to increase the retirement age from 65 to 67",
"Delay retirement by one year, and the pension cut can reach nearly 1% of GDP",
"The average life expectancy of Germans is now greatly improved, and retirees are receiving pensions for longer and longer"
] |
13,965
| 3
|
Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would ttherefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child' s accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one' s own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?
|
[
"Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.",
"It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.",
"All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.",
"All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods."
] |
11,085
| 3
|
Safety inspector: The number of laboratory samples of rabies virus sent through the university delivery service has recently grown dangerously high. We need to limit this use of the service. Biologist: There is no need for a limit. The university delivery service has been handling rabies virus samples for 20 years with no accidents.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
As a rebuttal of the safety inspector's claim, the biologist's reasoning is flawed in that it
|
[
"fails to explain why the number of samples sent through the service has increased",
"offers no defense of the university's need for continued delivery of rabies virus samples",
"overlooks the possibility that there has been a change in the hazardousness of the rabies virus samples themselves",
"does not address the potential for harm that is posed by the recent increase in the number of samples sent through the service"
] |
4,207
| 1
|
Educational balance refers to ensuring equal rights and obligations to citizens or future citizens through laws and regulations, providing relatively equal educational opportunities and conditions through policy formulation and adjustment and resource allocation, and achieving a relative balance of educational effects and opportunities for success with an objective and fair attitude and scientific and effective methods.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following options is not part of implementing educational balance?
|
[
"A municipal education bureau stipulates that primary and secondary school teachers, excellent backbone teachers and general teachers in suburban and downtown urban areas shall be transferred on a regular basis",
"A school requires all teachers to publish a paper each year, otherwise the next year's assessment will be considered unqualified, the school will not hire",
"A city decided not to implement the policy of allocating funds, but to allocate funds to schools with poor hardware conditions, and strive to make all schools in the city within three years of the basic balance of hardware conditions",
"A city issued a notice, from this semester to cancel the key primary and secondary schools differential all students near the entrance"
] |
6,180
| 2
|
Jamming deflection is an effective means to counter the attack of precision guided weapons. The key to the great threat of precision guided weapons is that they can directly hit the key. The premise of high-precision attack is that the missile borne guidance mechanism must accurately lock the target and receive the guidance correction signal in real time. If the guidance signal is suppressed and interfered, or the correction information is inaccurate, the guided weapons cannot accurately hit the target. If the traditional camouflage protection technology is to hide the target by using capacity changing technology, the interference bias protection technology is to wear frosted glasses on the incoming missile, make it invisible and inaccurate, and make the guidance mechanism deviate from the target in the wrong direction. Moreover, this technology has more practical value for the protection of targets in important positions that cannot be transferred underground.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above words, jamming deflection can be most accurately summarized as which of the following?
|
[
"Smoke bomb of camouflage protection technology",
"Tracker of missile guidance signal",
"Ecstasy of precision guided weapons",
"Protective umbrella of ground position target"
] |
2,759
| 3
|
Professor Chen: in the early Middle Ages, there was no trade between Europe and East Asia, because there were no written records in the existing archives. Researcher Li: your argument is similar to this one: the legendary Himalayan Snowman does not exist, because no one has ever witnessed this kind of snowman. The problem with this argument is that someone who sees a snowman can certainly prove that the snowman exists, but no one can't prove that the snowman does not exist.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings most accurately summarizes the conclusions to be expressed by researcher Li?
|
[
"The conclusion that there was trade between Europe and East Asia in the early Middle Ages was the same as the conclusion that there was a Himalayan snowman.",
"Despite the lack of reliable written records, trade between Europe and East Asia was very likely in the early Middle Ages.",
"There is comparability between the arguments of different contents.",
"We can't simply prove that there was trade between Europe and East Asia in the early middle ages based on some evidence."
] |
13,344
| 2
|
Ann: All the campers at Camp Winnehatchee go to Tri-Cities High School. Bill: That' s not true. Some Tri-Cities students are campers at Camp Lakemont.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Bill's answer can be best explained on the assumption that he has interpreted Ann's remark to mean that
|
[
"some Tri-Cities High School students have withdrawn from Camp Lakemont",
"most of the campers at Camp Lakemont come from high schools other than Tri-Cities",
"only campers at Camp Winnehatchee are students at Tri-Cities High School",
"most Tri-Cities High School students are campers at Camp Winnehatchee"
] |
6,771
| 0
|
After the downfall of some corrupt officials, they either denounced the power to corrupt them, or regretted that they had chosen the wrong way and should not have been an official, or warned their children not to engage in politics with the sinister of officialdom. Is politics really a high-risk occupation? It is clearly a public post that serves the people dutifully, how can it become a trap to mistake oneself and others, or even an invisible murder weapon? As soon as corruption is caught, all the faults are blamed on power itself, exposing the nature of being unable to resist temptation, being incorruptible and prone to self-corruption.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the most accurate understanding of this passage?
|
[
"Politicians should stick to their innocence and integrity",
"absolute power leads to absolute corruption. Once people have power, they will inevitably lead to corruption",
"Engaging in politics is a high-risk profession, which is easy to lead to corruption and depravity of officials",
"Compared with doctors, teachers and other professions, politicians are more responsible and riskier"
] |
6,918
| 1
|
Nowadays, biotechnology is causing a new revolution in the field of medicine and health. People are looking forward to using bioengineering technology to produce effective therapeutic drugs. Some biologically active substances with specific therapeutic effects, such as enzymes, hormones, vaccines, interferons, immunoglobulins, Interleukins, growth factors, etc., traditional production processes are mainly extracted from animal organs, blood and urine. Due to limited resources and minimal content, the use of high-purity separation processes is difficult and expensive. These problems can be solved well by producing these drugs by biological genetic engineering methods.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following has the most accurate understanding of these problems?
|
[
"Limited resources, minimal content",
"The high-purity separation process is difficult and expensive",
"Limited resources, minimal content, high-purity separation process is difficult",
"The resources are limited and the content is minimal, so the cost is expensive"
] |
11,067
| 1
|
TrueSave is a mail-order company that ships electronic products from its warehouses to customers worldwide. The company' s shipping manager is proposing that customer orders be packed with newer, more expensive packing materials that virtually eliminate damage during shipping. The manager argues that overall costs would essentially remain unaffected, since the extra cost of the new packing materials roughly equals the current cost of replacing products returned by customers because they arrived in damaged condition.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following would it be most important to ascertain in determining whether implementing the shipping manager's proposal would have the argued-for effect on costs?
|
[
"Whether the products shipped by TrueSave are more vulnerable to incurring damage during shipping than are typical electronic products",
"Whether a sizable proportion of returned items are returned because of damage already present when those items were packed for shipping",
"Whether electronic products are damaged more frequently in transit than are most other products shipped by mail-order companies",
"Whether TrueSave continually monitors the performance of the shipping companies it uses to ship products to its customers"
] |
14,061
| 3
|
A chimp who displays feelings of affection toward the other members of its social group is more likely to be defended by these group members from raiders outside of the group -- even at the risk of harm to these defenders -- than are those chimps who rarely or never display feelings of affection toward their associates. This shows that, from a sociological perspective, affection plays the same role in chimp communities as in human communities, since humans are more willing to face risks to protect those toward whom they have feelings of affection.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
|
[
"Expression of affection in chimps is limited to members of the social group to which they belong.",
"Feelings of affection are the only reason humans protect each other.",
"Chimps express their emotions behaviorally whenever they feel them.",
"Feelings of affection in chimp communities are at least sometimes reciprocated."
] |
12,740
| 0
|
President of Max Development Company: Our quality control manager has proposed that we redistribute hourly employees so that all hourly workers are both employed in the departments they like best and are engaged in activities at which they excel. Our quality control manager assures us that this will increase quarterly profits by fully taking advantage of our existing resources. However, Max Development has a firm company policy against taking advantage of its hourly employees. Ttherefore, implementing our quality control manager' s proposal would make us violate our own company policy.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The president's argument for rejecting the quality control manager's suggestion is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
|
[
"being unable to differentiate between two discrete uses of a significant phrase",
"attempting to criticize an action on the ground that it is rarely carried out",
"coming to a conclusion that merely reiter- ates one of the main premises of the argument",
"suggesting that the proposal is more distasteful because of the source of the proposal"
] |
3,609
| 1
|
The early industrialized countries driven by mechanization and electrification experienced a long process of accumulation and consumed a lot of mineral resources, as was the case in Britain and France. The newly industrialized countries and regions with mechanization, electrification, electronization and informationization as the comprehensive driving force and characterized by the factory of the world have spent only half or less time through the rapid consumption of energy and raw materials. By consuming half of the per capita resources of the first developed countries, they have basically achieved industrialization, as is the case in Japan and South Korea. This shows that electronic and information technology can enable post-developed countries to achieve great-leap-forward development with less per capita resource consumption.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, can weaken the above conclusion most?
|
[
"The first-developing countries can also rely on knowledge and technological innovation to develop their economy and support social progress and sustainable economic development",
"The early exploration experience of the first-developing countries avoided most of the resource consumption in the late-developing countries",
"Different from the traditional society, people in modern society have many other needs in addition to their basic needs, so their consumption of natural resources is also greatly increased",
"Technological progress generally comes from the first-developing countries, which itself is realized on the basis of consuming a lot of energy"
] |
12,198
| 3
|
Economist: As should be obvious, raising the minimum wage significantly would make it more expensive for businesses to pay workers for minimum-wage jobs. Ttherefore, businesses could not afford to continue to employ as many workers for such jobs. So raising the minimum wage significantly will cause an increase in unemployment.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the economist's argument?
|
[
"A modest increase in unemployment is acceptable because the current minimum wage is not a livable wage.",
"The unemployment rate has been declining steadily in recent years.",
"Most workers are earning more than the current minimum wage.",
"Businesses typically pass the cost of increased wages on to consumers without adversely affecting profits."
] |
3,094
| 3
|
Cartel, one of the forms of monopoly organization, refers to a monopoly alliance formed by capitalist enterprises in the same production sector in order to obtain high monopoly profits and strengthen their position in the competition, sign agreements on the sales market, commodity output and commodity price, and exchange licenses for new technologies.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is not a cartel?
|
[
"Each producer signs an agreement to specify the sales market.",
"Producers sign agreements to set monopoly prices.",
"Each producer signs an agreement specifying a certain quantity of goods to be produced and sold, and requires each participant to comply with it.",
"Forced by cost accounting, businesses stopped discount competition."
] |
1,159
| 3
|
As long as the decision-makers of a country sincerely hope to develop a market economy, are willing to act in accordance with the laws of capital creation and circulation, and can respect the rights of the majority of citizens to possess and dispose of property based on reality, they can make majority ownership legal, thus creating an environment for the flexible flow of legitimate property, just like connecting isolated lakes into a huge water city to avoid sporadic lakes. Disappear into barren sand, large amounts of capital flow, wealth creation and economic efficiency will grow savagely in the market.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the most accurate summary of the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"The state should respect the property possession and disposal rights of the majority of its citizens",
"Ownership without legal protection is inefficient and lacks vitality",
"The degree of development of market economy is closely related to the level of a country's decision-makers",
"The legalization of ownership is the key to the normal development of market economy"
] |
18
| 3
|
One day in 1910, a young German meteorologist, Wegener, was lying on a hospital bed, his eyes turned to a map of the world on the wall, and he accidentally discovered that the western coastline of Africa and the eastern coastline of South America were so matched like a paper torn apart, you can put them together again, and a thought flashed in Wegener's mind: the two continents were originally a single whole piece, but only later did they rupture and drift apart, forming the way they are now. After further research, Wegener proposed a new hypothesis-continental drift theory
|
{'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The following options further support the continental drift theory from different angles, except:
|
[
"The relative stratigraphic sequences (stratigraphic structure) are identical on both coasts of Atlantic and the Indian Ocean",
"The paleontological species (plant fossils and animal fossils) are almost identical on both coasts of the Atlantic Ocean",
"The traces left in the rock strata indicate that a long time ago, Arctic region today was once a very hot desert",
"Geological traces show that the five continents on the earth were formed almost at the same time"
] |
8,246
| 0
|
A few days ago, young people known as Internet aborigines are becoming the main consumers of cultural products such as movies and TV dramas, and their preferences shape the direction of the market and the direction of creation. On the positive side, this is conducive to the formation of an effective docking between the supply and demand of creative products, so as to stimulate production and activate the market potential, but on the other hand, over-reliance on market demand may also lead to the creator's medium-and long-term loss. The new generation of young people have diverse interests and do not have a high degree of attention. in many cases, the resulting market demand does not have medium-and long-term vitality. If creators and producers blindly follow the ever-changing interests of young people, they will inevitably lose sight of one or the other and fall into a passive position. Therefore, creators and producers should carefully study the social basis and real and effective needs behind these interests.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following paragraphs highlights the problems in the cultural and creative industry?
|
[
"Blindly cater to the preferences of the audience",
"Lack of medium-and long-term planning",
"Insufficient supply capacity of products",
"Lack of innovation in content and form"
] |
4,406
| 2
|
The Effect of Sheep Flock is generally used to describe that people have a herd mentality. Herd mentality is easy to lead to blind obedience, and blind obedience often falls into fraud or fails
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to this definition, which of the followings doesn't belong to the Effect of Sheep Flock
|
[
"In the stock market, most retail investors flocked to the market with a hundred times of confidence when they pursued the rise. When the market dived, they fled in panic",
"Due to the increasingly fierce competition in the workplace, it is said that civil servants are a stable career, so a large number of college graduates and even young people who have jobs have reported to civil servants",
"The head teacher and math teacher told Xueniu before the exam that the exam was very difficult. As a result, most of the students behaved abnormally in the exam",
"The style or color of clothes that nobody cares about at ordinary times - once they are publicized as the popular style or color of the year by the media, everyone will rush to buy them"
] |
3,364
| 0
|
Economic activity is people's production, exchange, distribution, consumption and closely related activities under the premise of certain economic relations. Economic relations are the mutual relations formed by people in economic activities. Among all kinds of economic relations, the dominant one is production relations.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following relates to the premise discussed above?
|
[
"How to deal with the relationship between politics and economy",
"Cultural management adapted to economic development",
"Other economic activities",
"On mutual assistance and cooperation in agricultural production"
] |
10,028
| 2
|
A doctor gave a group of prostate tumor patients waiting for surgery a capsule made of lycopene he extracted from tomatoes, 15 mg twice a day.Three weeks later, it was found that the tumors in this group were significantly reduced, and some of them were almost eliminated. the doctor speculated that lycopene had the effect of reducing prostate tumors.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options, if correct, can best support the doctor's conclusion?
|
[
"Patients with prostate tumors taking lycopene are between 45 and 65 years old",
"A small number of patients with prostate tumors taking lycopene are seriously ill",
"There is also a similar group of prostate tumor patients waiting for surgery who did not take lycopene capsules and their tumors did not shrink",
"Lycopene exists not only in tomatoes but also in watermelons, grapes and other fruits"
] |
10,750
| 0
|
Hari: An awkward social situation develops when two people exchange gifts and the gift given by the first is obviously more valuable than that given by the second. Yet whenever two people exchange gifts of equal value, the gift givers soon realize that they would have done as well to keep their gifts, not give them away. Gift exchange, ttherefore, invariably results in either social awkwardness or else a useless transfer of commodities. Mili: But that is not true of my experience. For example, an old childhood friend and I recently exchanged presents that I am sure were vastly different in price. Yet since we gave one another gifts each of which expressed the giver' s taste, we both considered the exchange highly appropriate.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Mili's judgment concerning the appropriateness of her gift exchange is most in accordance with which one of the following principles?
|
[
"The chief consideration when selecting a gift is that the gift reflect the giver.",
"Only people who largely agree in matters of taste should exchange gifts.",
"Every gift accepted incurs an obligation on the part of the recipient to reciprocate with a gift of equal value at a later date.",
"Except in the most perfunctory gift-giving situations, people should consider the needs of the recipient when selecting a gift."
] |
7,804
| 3
|
All poor second-year students majoring in public administration at a university have applied for student loans. All the students who applied for student loans paid their tuition fees. Some students in public administration save money by tutoring after school. Only when all the tuition fees are paid can the university enroll its students. The university's business administration students also do after-school tutoring, but some do not pay full tuition.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
Therefore, which of the following must be false?
|
[
"All the poor second-year students majoring in public administration at the university paid their tuition fees.",
"There may be poor second-year students majoring in public administration among the students doing private tutoring at the university.",
"There are people at the university who are not registered. They may be business administration students.",
"Poor students majoring in public administration at the university were successfully enrolled."
] |
2,256
| 3
|
The development, maintenance, or decline of languages has never been a purely linguistic matter, but rather the result of complex social, political, and economic forces playing against each other. At present, the academic circles mainly discuss the protection of dialects from the perspectives of sociology, politics and economics, but there are few researches on the legal protection of dialects, especially the protection of administrative law. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical value to establish and perfect the administrative law mechanism of dialect protection in China, to coordinate the conflict between Putonghua and dialect, and to seek balanced protection between the universality, standardization and diversity of language.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is most likely to be discussed after this passage?
|
[
"The theoretical and practical value of dialect protection",
"A balanced approach to language normalization and diversity",
"The conflict between Mandarin and dialect is not irreconcilable",
"How to protect dialect through administrative legislation"
] |
10,647
| 3
|
Before the printing press, books could be purchased only in expensive manuscript copies. The printing press produced books that were significantly less expensive than the manuscript editions. The public' s demand for printed books in the first years after the invention of the printing press was many times greater than demand had been for manuscript copies. This increase demonstrates that there was a dramatic jump in the number of people who learned how to read in the years after publishers first started producing books on the printing press.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following statements, if true, casts doubt on the argument?
|
[
"Books that were printed on the printing press in the first years after its invention often circulated among friends in informal reading clubs or libraries.",
"During the first years after the invention of the printing press, letter writing by people who wrote without the assistance of scribes or clerks exhibited a dramatic increase.",
"The first printed books published after the invention of the printing press would have been useless to illiterate people, since the books had virtually no illustrations.",
"In the first years after the printing press was invented, printed books were purchased primarily by people who had always bought and read expensive manuscripts but could afford a greater number of printed books for the same money."
] |
10,610
| 3
|
Business owner: Around noon in one section of the city, food trucks that sell lunch directly to customers on the sidewalk occupy many of the limited metered parking spaces available, thus worsening already bad traffic congestion. This led the city council to consider a bill to prohibit food trucks from parking in metered spaces in any commercially zoned area. This bill should be rejected since there is plenty of available parking and little traffic congestion in most areas of the city.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the business owner's argument?
|
[
"If a city has a serious problem, then it should not implement any policy that would aggravate that problem even if the policy would address another serious problem.",
"No proposed solution to a city problem should be implemented until the problem has been thoroughly studied.",
"Unless a business provides a product or service that is valued by consumers, the business should not be allowed to make use of scarce city resources.",
"A law that would disadvantage businesses of a certain type throughout a city should not be used to solve a problem that does not affect most areas of the city."
] |
14,203
| 2
|
Some psychologists claim that empathic responses are forms of moral behavior. Having observed that young children who witness another' s distress respond by expressing sadness and offering help, these psychologists believe that moral behavior begins early in life. A second group of psychologists claims that empathic response is not, by itself, moral behavior and that in order to count as moral, behavior must be based on a clear understanding of moral principles and a certain degree of moral reasoning skill. On the basis of children' s unsophisticated verbal responses to hypothetical moral dilemmas, these psychologists conclude that children lack the degree of moral reasoning skill necessary for their behavior, however compassionate, to be considered moral.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following is consistent with the claims of the first group of psychologists and inconsistent with the claims of the second group of psychologists?
|
[
"The morality of an action should be judged on the basis of the intention behind it rather than on the basis of its consequences.",
"People with strong empathic responses are less likely to be skilled in moral reasoning than people with weaker empathic responses.",
"Cats and dogs, which are incapable of moral reasoning but capable of empathic responses, are capable of moral behavior.",
"People with strong empathic responses are more likely to be skilled in moral reasoning than are people with weaker empathic responses."
] |
4,703
| 1
|
Suggestive effect refers to the indirect method of implicit and abstract induction under the condition of no confrontation, which affects people's psychology and behavior, so as to induce people to act or accept certain opinions in a certain way, so as to make their thoughts and behavior consistent with the expected goal of the suggestive.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following does not have a suggestive effect?
|
[
"In class, the students were still discussing the topic between classes. The teacher who was giving a lecture stopped, and the classroom was silent immediately.",
"Grandma Zhang, in her 70s, kept saying my grandson is coming back soon. Not long after, grandson really came back to see her.",
"In the forest, the old hunter walked silently, and everyone followed.",
"Since the head teacher praised Xiao Hong's rapid progress in learning at the class meeting, Xiao Hong has studied harder."
] |
14,335
| 3
|
In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee consumption. During this same time, there has been increasing publicity about the adverse long-term effects on health of the caffeine in coffee. Ttherefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by consumers' awareness of the harmful effects of caffeine.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the explanation above?
|
[
"On average, people consume 30 percent less coffee today than they did 10 years ago.",
"The consumption of fruit juices and caffeine-free herbal teas has increased over the past decade.",
"Heavy coffee drinkers may have mild withdrawal symptoms, such as headaches, for a day or so after significantly decreasing their coffee consumption.",
"Coffee prices increased steadily in the past decade because of unusually severe frosts in coffee-growing nations."
] |
14,084
| 1
|
Mice that have been given morphine are very likely to develop blood poisoning because bacteria that normally reside in the intestine typically respond to morphine by migrating into the bloodstream. However, when mice are given both morphine and the new drug naltrexone, blood poisoning is much less frequent, although it does still occur. These results provide support for researchers' prediction that naltrexone will turn out to be toxic to certain types of bacteria.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if discovered to be true, would most seriously weaken the support for the researchers' prediction?
|
[
"After being administered to mice, naltrexone does not pass from the bloodstream into the intestine.",
"Naltrexone inhibits morphine from triggering the migration of intestinal bacteria into the bloodstream.",
"Mice that have been given naltrexone but not morphine have no greater risk of developing blood poisoning than do mice that have not been given either substance.",
"The increased risk of blood poisoning is not the only harmful effect on mice of being given morphine."
] |
4,621
| 1
|
If Xiao Li is not a section chief but a party member is false,
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following must be introduced?
|
[
"Xiao Li is a section chief and a party member",
"Xiao Li or the section chief,or not a party member",
"Xiao Li is either a section chief or a party member",
"Xiao Li is not a section chief or a party member"
] |
1,808
| 1
|
One of the greatest achievements of the digital revolution is the adoption of a multi-stakeholder common management system, rather than national-based institutions to manage important global resources. The Internet itself belongs to this important management system. Its composition, operation and management are done by an once unimaginable group. This group includes individuals, social organizations, companies and local governments. However, no single government, state, monopoly, or government-controlled agency can control the entire Internet.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above conclusion, which of the following options is most likely to be explained by the author through this passage?
|
[
"The relationship between the Internet and the Government",
"The management characteristics of the Internet",
"The economic model of the Internet",
"The achievements of the digital revolution"
] |
13,551
| 0
|
Biotechnology companies say that voluntary guidelines for their industry are sufficient to ensure that no harm will result when a genetically altered organism is released into the environment. It is foolish, however, to rely on assurances from producers of genetically altered organisms that their products will not be harmful. Ttherefore, a biotechnology company should be required to apply to an independent regulatory board composed of scientists outside the biotechnology industry for the right to sell newly created organisms.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following principles, if accepted, most strongly justifies drawing the conclusion above?
|
[
"People who engage in an activity and have a financial stake in that activity should not be the sole regulators of that activity.",
"Voluntary guidelines are sufficient to regulate activities that pose little danger to the environment.",
"Issues of environmental protection are so important that they should not be left to scientific experts.",
"Methods that result in harm to the environment must sometimes be used in order to avoid even greater harm."
] |
24
| 0
|
There are four small balls with no difference in appearance, and their weight may be different. Take a balance, put A and B into one group, and C and D into another group, and place them on both sides of the balance. The balance is basically balanced. Reverse B and D. A and B are obviously heavier than B and C on the other side. It is odd that we put A and C on one side of the balance, and put B on the other side, when we weren't able to put D, the balance was pressed to B side.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Please determine which one is heavier, A or D?
|
[
"D is heavier than A",
"D is lighter than A",
"A is as heavy as D",
"Unable to determine"
] |
14,057
| 0
|
James: Many people claim that the voting public is unable to evaluate complex campaign issues. The television commercials for Reade in the national campaign, however, discuss complex campaign issues, and Reade is, at present, more popular than any other candidate. Maria: Yes, Reade is the most popular. However, you are incorrect in claiming that this is because of Reade' s discussion of complex campaign issues. Reade simply strikes the voters as the most competent and trustworthy candidate.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, most supports Maria's counter to James?
|
[
"Polling data show that most voters cannot identify Reade's positions on campaign issues.",
"Reade's opponents charge that Reade oversimplifies complex campaign issues.",
"Polling data show that some voters consider Reade competent and trustworthy.",
"Polling data show that Reade's present popularity will probably diminish over time."
] |
2,556
| 0
|
If there is a traffic accident, either the cyclist or the driver violates the traffic rules. Therefore, if the cyclist does not violate the traffic rules, the driver violates the traffic rules.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following arguments is most similar to the above argument?
|
[
"If only part of the discount is offered in the cinema, one of A and B must buy a full-price movie ticket. Therefore, if A does not buy full-price movie tickets, B will have to buy full-price movie tickets.",
"If there is a traffic accident, either the pedestrian or the driver violates the traffic rules. Therefore, if the pedestrian violates the traffic rules, the driver does not violate the traffic rules.",
"If there are many clouds in the sky in summer, it may rain or hail. Therefore, if there are many clouds in the sky in summer, it may hail.",
"If there is a medical accident, both the doctor and the nurse are responsible. Therefore, if the doctor is not responsible, the nurse is not responsible either."
] |
3,333
| 2
|
Frictional unemployment is short-term, partial unemployment caused by the normal flow of labor or the inevitable friction in production.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following belong to frictional unemployment?
|
[
"Since winter is the off-season for tourism, Xiao Zhang, the tour guide, was fired by the company in the name of saving money",
"Ms. Li has not found a new job after giving birth",
"Liu San gave up his job in Shijiazhuang and went to Beijing to develop, but he has not found a suitable job yet",
"Xiao Wang graduated from university and has not found a job that satisfies him"
] |
9,243
| 1
|
Sales experts believe that in a market that is no longer expanding, the best sales strategy for a company is to pursue the largest market share, and the best way to achieve the goal is to do some comparative advertising that can highlight the shortcomings of competitors. In the depressed domestic milk powder market, A brand milk powder and B brand milk powder have been in a comparative advertising campaign for two years, accusing each other of harmful effects on the health of babies. However, these advertising campaigns did not increase their market share, but caused many people to stop buying any brand of domestic milk powder.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by the above statement?
|
[
"Comparative advertising should not be used in a market that is expanding or is likely to expand",
"Comparative advertisements run the risk of making their target market shrink rather than expand",
"Comparing advertisements will not produce any long-term benefits unless consumers can easily judge the correctness of those advertisements",
"If the quality of a company's products is significantly higher than that of its competitors, comparative advertising can increase the market share of the company's products in any case"
] |
13,366
| 2
|
Some species are called indicator speciesbecause the loss of a population of such a species serves as an early warning of problems arising from pollution. Environmentalists tracking the effects of pollution have increasingly paid heed to indicator species; yet environmentalists would be misguided if they attributed the loss of a population to pollution in all cases. Though declines in population often do signal environmental degradation, they are just as often a result of the natural evolution of an ecosystem. We must remember that, in nature, change is the status quo.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the argument's conclusion?
|
[
"The loss of a specific population is often the result of natural changes in an ecosystem and in such cases should not be resisted.",
"Environmentalists' use of indicator species in tracking the effects of pollution is often problematic.",
"The loss of a specific population should not always be interpreted as a sign of environmental degradation.",
"The loss of a specific population as a result of pollution is simply part of nature's status quo."
] |
4,505
| 0
|
There are three judgments about the 15 attendants at the front desk of a business hotel: Some people can speak English fluently. Some people can not speak English fluently. Xiao Liu, the new comer, can not speak English fluently.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
If only one of these three judgments is true, which of the following must be true?
|
[
"All 15 attendants speak English fluently.",
"None of the 15 attendants speak English fluently.",
"Only one person can speak English fluently.",
"Only one person can not speak English fluently."
] |
8,370
| 0
|
In the 400-meter race, Luo, Fang, Xu, Lu, Tian and Shi were divided into a group. They are standing on track 1 to 6 from the inside out. With regard to their location, it is known that: (1) the track of Tian and Shi is adjacent; (2) the number of Lu's track is smaller than that of Luo; (3) there are two tracks between Tian and Luo; (4) the track number of Fang is smaller than Lu, and there are two tracks in the middle.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above statement, which of the following options may be the location of Tian?
|
[
"On track 3.",
"On track 4.",
"On track 5.",
"On track 6."
] |
6,724
| 0
|
fight according to reason is not the best way to express, too hard, too eager to explain the truth, but less calm. It reflects the lack of self-confidence of the striver and his underestimation of the audience's ability to discern things.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is closest to the point of view expressed by the author?
|
[
"Truth does not depend on the level of the voice",
"Justice is in the hearts of the people.",
"It is better to have no sound than to have a sound at this time",
"The tip of the needle does not have to face the wheat awn"
] |
7,663
| 1
|
Recently, a foreign research found that there is an intrinsic relationship between obesity and poor socioeconomic status. Those in lower socioeconomic status are more likely to be obese and even fatter as they get poorer. This is because people with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to choose fast food that is high in calories and low in nutrients, which can lead to obesity, the researchers explained.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, most weaken the researchers' explanation?
|
[
"Although the intake of high-calorie and low-nutrition food is the diet habit of some people, it is easy to cause malnutrition.",
"Newly rich people are more likely to indulge in high-calorie foods. Some poor people have only an occasional taste for fast food.",
"The poor do not have enough money and time to exercise. The rich are more able to invest in their health.",
"Nowadays, fast food with high calorie and low nutrition is getting cheaper and cheaper. Healthy low calorie foods are becoming more and more expensive."
] |
4,471
| 0
|
Leisure sports refers to various forms of sports activities that people voluntarily choose and engage in under the relatively free social living environment and conditions. It is not only a social phenomenon of sports, but also an existing form of sports. It is one of the main ways of social leisure activities.
|
{'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, the following belong to leisure sports?
|
[
"Marathon runner Xiao Li plays with his friends during the holidays",
"As a private bodyguard, Xiao Wang receives four hours of catching and fighting training every day",
"All the students of a high school finish half an hour of long-distance running every afternoon according to the requirements of the school",
"Mr. Zhao, who has been injured in his leg and is recovering, is guided by a nurse to take a 15 minute walk outdoors every day at the request of the doctor"
] |
10,965
| 1
|
Political theorist: The chief foundations of all governments are the legal system and the police force; and as there cannot be a good legal system where the police are not well paid, it follows that where the police are well paid there will be a good legal system.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The reasoning in the argument is not sound because it fails to establish that
|
[
"many governments with bad legal systems have poorly paid police forces",
"a well-paid police force is sufficient to guarantee a good legal system",
"some bad governments have good legal systems",
"a well-paid police force cannot be effective without a good legal system"
] |
6,440
| 1
|
One view is that if a country can operate its economy effectively, it must be able to create wealth and become rich; and if such a country wants to maintain political stability, the wealth it creates must be fairly distributed; and the fair distribution of wealth will reduce economic risks, but the existence of economic risks is an indispensable prerequisite for the effective operation of the economy.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options has a correct understanding of this passage?
|
[
"It is impossible for a country to be politically stable and economically rich at the same time",
"It is impossible for a country to have political stability and effective economic operation at the same time.",
"The economic operation of a rich country must be efficient",
"In a country where the economy is inefficient, wealth is bound to be fairly distributed"
] |
14,741
| 0
|
In Arumville, among those young children with elevated levels of lead in their blood, few live in houses containing lead-based paint, but many live in areas where vehicular traffic is heavy. These children' s elevated blood-lead levels probably result from lead added to gasoline, since, although gasoline sold in and around Arumville has been lead-free since 1990, lead from vehicle exhaust remains in the soil for many years.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
|
[
"In Arumville, children's blood-lead levels typically rise during the warm summer months when children frequently play outdoors but not in the winter when children spend more time indoors.",
"Sales of lead-based paint for use in homes was banned in Arumville in 1977.",
"Vehicle traffic in most residential areas of Arumville is heavier today than it was twenty years ago.",
"If improperly carried out, the removal of lead-based paint from older houses can significantly increase the risk that children living in such houses will ingest lead dust."
] |
11,493
| 0
|
Politician: The current crisis in mathematics education must be overcome if we are to remain competitive in the global economy. Alleviating this crisis requires the employment of successful teaching methods. No method of teaching a subject can succeed that does not get students to spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying that subject.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following statements follows logically from the statements above?
|
[
"The current crisis in mathematics education will not be overcome unless students spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying mathematics.",
"Students' spending a significant amount of time outside of class studying mathematics would help us to remain competitive in the global economy.",
"Few subjects are as important as mathematics to the effort to remain competitive in the global economy.",
"If students spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying mathematics, the current crisis in mathematics education will be overcome."
] |
10,891
| 0
|
No one in the French department to which Professor Alban belongs is allowed to teach more than one introductory level class in any one term. Moreover, the only language classes being taught next term are advanced ones. So it is untrue that both of the French classes Professor Alban will be teaching next term will be introductory level classes.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The pattern of reasoning displayed in the argument above is most closely paralleled by that in which one of the following arguments?
|
[
"New buildings that include public space are exempt from city taxes for two years and all new buildings in the city's Alton district are exempt for five years, so the building with the large public space that was recently completed in Alton will not be subject to city taxes next year.",
"All property on Overton Road will be reassessed for tax purposes by the end of the year and the Elnor Company headquarters is on Overton Road, so Elnor's property taxes will be higher next year.",
"The Morrison Building will be fully occupied by May and since if a building is occupied by May the new tax rates apply to it, the Morrison Building will be taxed according to the new rates.",
"The revised tax code does not apply at all to buildings built before 1900, and only the first section of the revised code applies to buildings built between 1900 and 1920, so the revised code does not apply to the Norton Building, since it was built in 1873."
] |
7,984
| 2
|
Sometimes lawyers' defense may exonerate the murderer and undermine public morality, but their perfect legal service is right. Because the law of the rule of law is neutral and transcends morality, and the procedure of equal confrontation must ensure that the defendant enjoys all the legal services he buys. Even if the defendant is a murderer and the lawyer helps him win and be released, justice is thwarted, which is worth it in the long-term interests of the rule of law or governance of procedure. Failed justice can be outside the case.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is correct in understanding this passage?
|
[
"The legal system and morality are opposed to each other",
"Justice cannot be found in a single case",
"The importance of maintaining legal procedures is greater than temporary justice",
"In order to ensure the implementation of legal procedures, lawyers often have to do it"
] |
7,526
| 0
|
Pi type talent refers to a compound talent who possesses at least two professional skills and can integrate multiple knowledge. The two vertical columns of Pi refer to two professional skills and the bar above refers to the integration of multiple knowledge.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following is Pi type talent?
|
[
"Mr. Zhuang has two doctorates in science and management, and is now the president of a high-tech enterprise. He has a number of patents and enjoys cycling in his spare time",
"Zhang is a well-known hairdresser who cuts hair for more than 20 customers every day. Although she is very tired at the end of the day, she accompanies her daughter to play the piano when she goes home",
"Mr. Cao is a leader in the clothing industry. He knows all kinds of clothing styles, fabrics, workmanship, origin and market conditions like the back of his hand. He has failed several times to enter the catering industry.",
"Lao Zhao is a hotel chef, sichuan cuisine, Cantonese cuisine, Huaiyang cuisine is good at everything, usually also hard practice calligraphy, singing or, is a famous mai ba in the circle of friends"
] |
3,036
| 2
|
Wang said, Lao Li doesn't beat his wife now.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options must be preset when Wang speaks?
|
[
"Wang knows that Lao Li doesn't beat his wife now",
"Lao Li doesn't beat his wife now",
"Lao Li used to beat his wife",
"Apart from Lao Li, no one else in the office beat his wife"
] |
5,717
| 2
|
For a period of time, there was fierce competition in the TV production industry. Due to the large number of TV brands, product quality has become the primary factor considered by consumers. In order to expand market share, a TV manufacturer has strengthened R & D on the one hand and further improved the quality of TV products; On the other hand, the price was adjusted and the product price was appropriately reduced. However, in the first three months after the adjustment, the market share of its TV products not only did not increase, but decreased.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings, if true, explains the above phenomenon best?
|
[
"Consumers usually consider the price differences of different products, rather than the price differences of the same product in different periods",
"When a family buys TV products again, it will first consider the original brand",
"Consumers usually measure the quality of TV products by price",
"Other TV manufacturers have also adjusted their prices"
] |
14,760
| 1
|
If the country' s income taxes are decreased, the country' s economy will not be strengthened, because many of the country' s public employees would become unemployed, thereby further weakening the country' s economy.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?
|
[
"A decrease in taxes on businesses will strengthen the economy because it will encourage businesses to expand employment opportunities, even though many workers will not qualify for the new opportunities.",
"An increase in interest rates will not increase the number of jobs, because increased interest rates will put many companies out of business, and this result will decrease the number of jobs.",
"If both government spending and income taxes are decreased, growth in private businesses might occur, because people will have more money to invest, but decreases in both spending and taxes are unlikely.",
"Tax incentives will lure new businesses to the region, thereby increasing the region's employment, but even if no tax incentives are offered, employment in the region is likely to increase."
] |
11,313
| 0
|
Citizen: Each year since 1970, a new record has been set for the number of murders committed in this city. This fact points to the decreasing ability of our law enforcement system to prevent violent crime. City official: You overlook the fact that the city' s population has risen steadily since 1970. In fact, the number of murder victims per 100 people has actually fallen slightly in the city since 1970.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following, if true, would most strongly counter the city official's response?
|
[
"If the health care received by assault victims last year had been of the same quality as it was in 1970, the murder rate in the city last year would have turned out to be several times what it actually was.",
"The incidence of fraud has greatly increased in the city since 1970.",
"Murders and other violent crimes are more likely to be reported now than they were in 1970.",
"The rate of murders in the city since 1970 decreased according to the age group of the victim, decreasing more for younger victims."
] |
7,683
| 0
|
Administrative authorization means that within an administrative organization, the higher authorities delegate certain powers to the lower executive branch or functional agencies so that the lower authorities can handle administrative affairs autonomously within a certain range.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is an administrative authorization?
|
[
"A municipal government requires the municipal health bureau to deal with the epidemic situation. In case of emergency, the health bureau can initiate the emergency plan and decide on its own steps and methods to complete the task.",
"A City Development Zone Party Committee, Management Committee office has issued documents, Eagle brand mineral water as the jurisdiction of one of the designated drinking water, authorized the autonomous choice of each township jurisdiction.",
"Li Mou, head of the Security Department of a fertilizer plant, is ill and needs to rest at home. By the approval of the factory leadership, Li designated Xiaowang as the temporary head of the security section.",
"Secretary Wang of a county government office received a phone call from director Li of the township government, saying that thousands of ducks fed by residents in the township had suddenly died, possibly due to bird flu. Secretary Wang entrusted director Li with taking immediate measures, before more damage is done."
] |
11,285
| 3
|
Last year the rate of inflation was 1. 2 percent, but during the current year it has been 4 percent. We can conclude that inflation is on an upward trend and the rate will be still higher next year.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
|
[
"The 1. 2 percent rate of inflation last year represented a 10-year low.",
"The inflation figures were computed on the basis of a representative sample of economic data rather than all the available data.",
"Increases in the pay of some workers are tied to the level of inflation, and at an inflation rate of 4 percent or above, these pay raises constitute a force causing further inflation.",
"Last year a dip in oil prices brought inflation temporarily below its recent stable annual level of 4 percent."
] |
3,498
| 3
|
Women constitute the majority of the country's population, and most of the tranquilizer prescriptions prescribed by doctors are for female patients. However, drug trials are only performed on men to complete the testing of the efficacy of these drugs and the calibration of recommended doses. It is even used for Animals tested for drug toxicity also use males.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is most supported by the above views?
|
[
"Compared with men, some tranquilizers are more suitable for women",
"No one has said that the tranquilizers prescribed to women have side effects",
"The same drug is less toxic to women than to men",
"It is not yet known whether the recommended dose of tranquilizers is suitable for women"
] |
6,447
| 0
|
Wasps that reproduce by parasitism can inject just the right number of eggs into the eggs of various insects suitable for their offspring. If it injects too many eggs into the host's eggs, its larvae will die because they do not get enough space and nutrition in the competition with each other; if too few eggs are injected into the larvae, the excess nutrients in the host eggs will spoil, which in turn will lead to the death of the larvae.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?
|
[
"In the mechanism of parasitic reproduction of wasps, wasps should have the ability to accurately distinguish the size of host eggs",
"The number of wasps is more in the insect areas with larger eggs and less in the insect areas with smaller eggs",
"Wasps injecting too many eggs into insects are more likely to cause parasitic larvae to die than too few eggs",
"The size of wasp eggs determines the survival rate of wasp larvae"
] |
4,402
| 0
|
Uncertain Effectiveness Contact refers to a contract that has been established, but because it does not fully comply with the provisions of the relevant entry into force elements, whether its effectiveness can occur has not been determined. Generally, it can take effect only after the recognition of the authorized person.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings belongs to Uncertain Effectiveness Contact
|
[
"Xiao Ming, 10 years old, sold Rolex gold watches to Li, 40 years old",
"A 5-year-old children's Xiao Jun received a bonus for invention and creation",
"Adult Zhang mistakenly bought the oil painting that was originally a replica as a genuine one",
"Taxi drivers took advantage of the urgent need to rent a car to rescue seriously ill patients to increase the price by 10 times"
] |
7,242
| 0
|
Conventional thinking refers to a certain tendency and automatic inertia for analyzing and solving new problems under the influence of past experience.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings belongs to conventional thinking
|
[
"Once bitten by a snake, ten years afraid of the well rope",
"Xiao Wang prefers snacks",
"You love your son",
"Follow the crowd"
] |
9,591
| 3
|
Recently, some cities have launched taking random photos of traffic violations on Mini Program, where citizens can upload and report photos or videos of illegal parking and other illegal activities of motor vehicles running a red light through the Mini Program.Once the reported traffic violations are verified, the relevant departments will reward the whistleblowers. Some experts conclude from this that taking pictures of traffic violations can effectively expand the scope of traffic supervision and create a situation of co-governance between the police and the people.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options, if correct, can best support the above expert's conclusion?
|
[
"The law enforcement force of the traffic police department is relatively limited, which is not enough to deal with a large number of traffic violations in real life",
"Relevant national laws explicitly prohibit traffic violations such as running red lights and illegally stopping, and there are corresponding punishment provisions",
"In some places, there have been cases in which the informant's information has been leaked, so it is urgent to protect the informant's personal privacy",
"Since the launch of Mini Program, shooting Traffic violations, relevant departments have received a large number of reports of traffic violations"
] |
1,887
| 2
|
The citizens of an independent rich country are very civilized, and a nation full of violence and hatred can not be civilized, but some rich Middle Eastern countries are full of violence and hatred.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
It can be seen that which of the following is correct?
|
[
"The violence and hatred in some rich Middle Eastern countries is caused by the racial policies of some big countries",
"The war in the Middle East has led to violence and hatred in some rich Middle East countries",
"Some Middle Eastern countries have lost their independence",
"Without democracy, there is no self-confidence"
] |
5,909
| 2
|
Unfair competition refers to enterprise uses improper or unfair means to increase the market share of its products, creating an unfair market environment for competitors that produce similar products, and seriously harming the interests of its competitors.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
By definition, Which of the following behaviors is not unfair competition?
|
[
"Microsoft has bundled the IE browser in its operating system, and users bought the IE browser at the same time as the operating system, resulting in a large number of users no longer buying another browser from its rival Netscape",
"In the 1980s,IBM invested a lot of money to develop the key technology of the very large computer, and successfully applied for patents, resulting in the situation that IBM dominated the field of the very large computer in the 1990s",
"Both Company A and Company B produce weight-loss drugs. In order to expand market share and increase sales profits, Company A made a big publicity on TV stations and some newspapers, pointing out the shortcomings and side effects of Company B's drugs, causing consumers to refuse to buy Company B's products",
"In order to compete for market share with Company B, Company A produced a movie advertisement showing that a fighter with the emblem A dropped a blockbuster on a warship that was about to capsize"
] |
15,181
| 0
|
When a chain of service stations began applying a surcharge of $0. 25 per purchase on fuel paid for by credit card, the chain' s owners found that this policy made their customers angry. So they decided instead to simply raise the price of fuel a compensatory amount and give a $0. 25 discount to customers paying with cash. Customers were much happier with this policy.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following generalizations does the situation described above most clearly illustrate?
|
[
"Peopie's evaluations of a situation sometimes depend less on the situation itself than on how it is presented to them.",
"People often change their minds about issues that do not make significant differences to their lives.",
"People's perceptions of the fairness of a policy sometimes depend on whether that policy benefits them personally.",
"People usually adopt beliefs without carefully assessing the evidence for and against those beliefs."
] |
3,940
| 2
|
Mozi was familiar with Confucianism, but he eventually repudiated it. One of the most important is to deny the Confucian hierarchy of Benevolenceby Universal love without distinction. He believed that the Confucian love has thickness, difference and level. It is concentrated in their own families, but there are family differences. In fact, the final standard is to look at the distance with their relationship. So the core is still oneself. Such love is selfish love. He advocated universal love, that is to say, to remove selfishness, to love others as to love oneself.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following can be inferred?
|
[
"Mozi was a great pioneer of patriotism.",
"From a higher perspective, Mohism demanded universal love from the Ruling class, which is more practical.",
"Mozi advocated breaking away from the rigid hierarchy of feudal patriarchy to pursue an illusory society of equality.",
"The hierarchical system is an inevitable phenomenon in the development of human history."
] |
14,872
| 0
|
Detective: Bill has been accused of committing the burglary at the warehouse last night. But no one saw Bill in the vicinity of the warehouse. So we must conclude that Bill did not commit the burglary.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True}
|
The reasoning in the detective's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
|
[
"treats a lack of evidence against Bill as if it exonerated Bill",
"fails to establish the true identity of the burglar",
"treats evidence that is irrelevant to the burglar's identity as if it were relevant",
"merely attacks the character of Bill's accusers"
] |
8,384
| 0
|
Peer pressure refers to the psychological pressure caused by people of similar age who are worried about being despised and excluded because of the gap in life, work, social status and so on.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following options belongs to peer pressure?
|
[
"Lao Wang's friends all bought a wedding house for their children, and he also wanted to buy one for his son, but his financial strength was far from being reached, so he was very upset about it.",
"Most of the teachers introduced into a college in recent years have been promoted to senior professional titles. Mr. Zhao, who has taught for more than 20 years, is still a lecturer. He is often too worried to sleep.",
"When Xiaoding, a salesman, saw that everyone else had completed the company's annual sales task, he only finished 60%. In order to prevent being transferred from the sales department next year, he contacts customers day and night.",
"The workshop director requires the new employee Xiao Li to be familiar with the equipment and be able to operate independently within a week. Worried that he would not pass the test, he worked overtime to practice his skills."
] |
13,380
| 0
|
Columnist: It is impossible for there to be real evidence that lax radiation standards that were once in effect at nuclear reactors actually contributed to the increase in cancer rates near such sites. The point is a familiar one: who can say if a particular case of cancer is due to radiation, exposure to environmental toxins, smoking, poor diet, or genetic factors.
|
{'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The argument's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
|
[
"The argument fails to recognize that there may be convincing statistical evidence even if individual causes cannot be known.",
"The argument inappropriately presupposes that what follows a certain phenomenon was caused by that phenomenon.",
"The argument concludes that a claim about a causal connection is false on the basis of a lack of evidence for the claim.",
"The argument ignores other possible causes of the increase in cancer rates near the nuclear reactor complexes."
] |
8,509
| 1
|
Hundreds of medical institutions around the world claim that stem cell therapy can repair damaged tissue cells in multiple sclerosis patients. Experts point out that these agencies advertise directly to patients that they can cure diseases when there is actually no evidence that they work or cause harm. In this case, dealing with the relevant advertisements is necessary, and certain types of stem cell transplants, such as those using blood or skin stem cells, have been approved by supervisory agencies after comprehensive clinical trials to treat certain types of cancer and skin grafts for burn patients. . While stem cell therapies are promising, many potential stem cell therapies are still in the early stages of development, have yet to be approved by regulators, and require rigorous clinical trials and regulatory procedures to determine whether they are safe and effective, experts say.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the followings is the text intended to illustrate?
|
[
"Blood and skin stem cells have been widely used in therapy",
"Stem cell therapy still has certain risks",
"Regulators should introduce effective advertising management measures",
"Developing cell and tissue therapies remains a huge challenge"
] |
11,555
| 1
|
The museum' s night security guard maintains that the thieves who stole the portrait did not enter the museum at any point at or above ground level. Ttherefore, the thieves must have gained access to the museum from below ground level.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following?
|
[
"As had generally been expected, not all questionnaires were sent in by the official deadline. It follows that plans must have been made for the processing of questionnaires received late.",
"The store's competitors claim that the store, in selling off the shirts at those prices, neither made any profit nor broke even. Consequently, the store's customers must have been able to buy shirts there at less than the store's cost.",
"The product label establishes that this insecticide is safe for both humans and pets. Ttherefore, the insecticide must also be safe for such wild mammals as deer and rabbits.",
"If the census is to be believed, the percentage of men who are married is higher than the percentage of women who are married. Thus, the census must show a higher number of men than of women overall."
] |
12,244
| 0
|
Advertisement: When your car's engine is running at its normal operating temperature, any major brand of motor oil will protect it about as well as Tuff does. When the engine is cold, it is a different story: Tuff motor oil flows better at lower temperatures than its major competitors do. So, if you want your car's engine to have maximum protection, you should use Tuff.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument in the advertisement?
|
[
"Tuff motor oil provides above-average protection for engines that happen to overheat.",
"Tuff motor oil's share of the engine oil market peaked three years ago.",
"Tuff motor oil, like any motor oil, is thicker and flows less freely at cold temperatures than at hot temperatures.",
"Tuff motor oil is manufactured at only one refinery and shipped from there to all markets."
] |
1,752
| 2
|
Some people say: People who do not enjoy a certain social service are like a big desert, and people who enjoy this kind of social service are like an oasis in the big desert. The desert is always devouring the oasis, and the only way to protect the oasis is to Transform the desert into an oasis as soon as possible.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the text intended to illustrate?
|
[
"Law of Large Numbers",
"Desert effect",
"Oasis effect",
"Don't care too much about the loss at this time, there will be growth in other areas"
] |
10,693
| 2
|
Counselor: Those who believe that criticism should be gentle rather than harsh should consider the following: change requires a motive, and criticism that is unpleasant provides a motive. Since harsh criticism is unpleasant, harsh criticism provides a motive. Ttherefore, only harsh criticism will cause the person criticized to change.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The reasoning in the counselor's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
|
[
"fails to address the possibility that in some cases the primary goal of criticism is something other than bringing about change in the person being criticized",
"takes for granted that everyone who is motivated to change will change",
"infers that something that is sufficient to provide a motive is necessary to provide a motive",
"confuses a motive for doing something with a motive for avoiding something"
] |
3,742
| 2
|
There are three families, each has a child, their names are: Xiao Mei (female), Xiao Hong (female), Xiao Ming (male); the father is Lao Wang, Lao Zhang and Lao Chen; the mother is Liu Rong, Li Ling and Fang Li. For these three families, it is known that: (1) the children of Lao Wang and Li Ling have joined the girls' dance team; (2) Lao Zhang's daughter is not Xiaohong; (3) Lao Chen and Fang Li are not family.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above conditions, it can be seen that which of the following is correct?
|
[
"Lao Wang, Liu Rong and Xiao Mei are a family",
"Lao Zhang, Li Ling and Xiao Hong are a family",
"Lao Wang, Fang Li and Xiao Hong are a family",
"Lao Chen, Fang Li and Xiao Ming are a family"
] |
6,641
| 1
|
Is the decline in economic growth due to an ageing population? The conclusion is that the younger the population, the poorer the country, and vice versa. So why the fear of ageing? People think that aging makes people vulnerable and that people over 65 are a burden on society. But some people are far more productive than others, regardless of age. It has been proven that population ageing needs to be considered in conjunction with human capital, particularly education and health status. In most countries around the world, young people are better educated than their elders, and a smaller population might be compensated for by raising their productivity levels through higher education.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the text intended to illustrate?
|
[
"People are perfectly capable of dealing with an ageing population",
"We should analyze the impact of population aging on economy from multiple angles",
"An aging population has no impact on economic growth",
"An aging population has a negative impact on economic growth"
] |
11,150
| 1
|
Novel X and Novel Y are both semiautobiographical novels and contain many very similar themes and situations, which might lead one to suspect plagiarism on the part of one of the authors. However, it is more likely that the similarity of themes and situations in the two novels is merely coincidental, since both authors are from very similar backgrounds and have led similar lives.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?
|
[
"Novel X and Novel Y are both semiautobiographical novels, and the two novels contain many very similar themes and situations.",
"It is less likely that one of the authors of Novel X or Novel Y is guilty of plagiarism than that the similarity of themes and situations in the two novels is merely coincidental.",
"The fact that Novel X and Novel Y are both semiautobiographical novels and contain many very similar themes and situations might lead one to suspect plagiarism on the part of one of the authors.",
"If the authors of Novel X and Novel Y are from very similar backgrounds and have led similar lives, suspicions that either of the authors plagiarized are very likely to be unwarranted."
] |
737
| 2
|
Imagination refers to the thinking activity of creating new images on the basis of original experience. According to whether imagination is controlled by will, it can be divided into random imagination and non random imagination. The characteristic of non random imagination is to combine all kinds of impressions and information strangely, suddenly and sometimes meaninglessly. Random imagination is to consciously control all kinds of impressions and information for a purpose, Through the efforts of the will, the required scene is presented
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to random imagination:?
|
[
"When Xiao Li went to bed last night, he dreamed of his childhood playmates",
"Zhang San received the admission notice and was very excited to think that he had achieved his goal",
"Facing the design drawings, Xiao Wang looked forward to the appearance of the company's new building after completion",
"Xiao Chen's father looked at the picture and recalled the scene of going to the mountains and countryside"
] |
2,669
| 3
|
Nowadays, e-learning machines have fully entered the lives of children. The e-learning machine combines words with images and sounds, which is both vivid and interesting, making it possible for children to read independently. However, some children's education experts have warned that e-learning machines may not be conducive to children's growth. They believe that parents should take time to read paper books with their children. Reading paper books with children is not simply to make children literate, but to promote their spiritual growth through communication.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following, if true, best supports the opinions of the above-mentioned experts?
|
[
"Paper books help protect children's eyesight and help parents guide children to form good reading habits",
"When using e-learning machines, children tend to pay more attention to their functions rather than learning content",
"The earlier you are exposed to electronic products, the easier you are to become addicted. Long-term use of e-learning opportunities forms an electronic addiction",
"The biggest problem with e-learning machines is to allow parents to walk away from their children's reading behavior and reduce the daily communication between parents and children"
] |
6,253
| 1
|
China's patent applications are growing at an average rate of 48% every year. China's patent implementation accounts for only 20% ~ 30% of the total number of patents. Compared with the implementation rate of 80% abroad, the patent gap is very large. Only 15% of the total number of patent applications in China come from enterprises, while 80% of patent applications in developed countries come from enterprises.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following views does the above paragraph support?
|
[
"China's scientific and technological innovation has made rapid progress.",
"China's scientific and technological innovation should not only focus on development and research, but also strengthen the promotion and implementation of scientific and technological achievements.",
"The level of scientific and technological innovation in China lags far behind that in foreign countries.",
"Chinese enterprises do not attach as much importance to scientific and technological innovation as scientific research institutes and universities."
] |
10,695
| 3
|
Politician: The law should not require people to wear seat belts in cars. People are allowed to ride motorcycles without seat belts, and riding a motorcycle even while wearing a seat belt would be more dangerous than riding in a car without wearing one.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its flawed reasoning to the politician's argument?
|
[
"Any corporation should allow its employees to take time off when they are under too much stress to concentrate on their work. Some corporations allow any employee with a bad cold to take time off, and even a healthy employee under stress may be less productive than an unstressed employee with a bad cold.",
"Marielle and Pat should allow their children to have snacks between meals. They currently allow their children to have a large dessert after dinner, and allowing them to have snacks between meals instead would improve their nutrition.",
"It should be illegal for anyone to smoke in a public place, for it certainly should be illegal to pollute public drinking water, and smoking even in the privacy of one's home can be more harmful to the health of others than polluting their water would be.",
"Amusement parks should allow people to stand while riding roller coasters. It is legal for people to stand at the edges of high cliffs, and even sitting at the edge of a high cliff is more likely to result in a fatal fall than standing while riding a roller coaster."
] |
12,061
| 2
|
Forester: The great majority of the forests remaining in the world are only sickly fragments of the fully functioning ecosystems they once were. These fragmented forest ecosystems have typically lost their ability to sustain themselves in the long term, yet they include the last refuges for some of the world' s most endangered species. To maintain its full complement of plant and animal species, a fragmented forest requires regular interventions by resource managers.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
The forester's statements, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
|
[
"At present, resource managers intervene regularly in only some of the world's fragmented forest ecosystems.",
"A fragmented forest ecosystem cannot sustain itself in the long term if it loses any of its plant or animal species.",
"Most of the world's forests will lose at least some of their plant or animal species if no one intervenes.",
"Unless resource managers regularly intervene in most of the world's remaining forests, many of the world's most endangered species will not survive."
] |
6,264
| 2
|
In this sense, rescuing the market does want to save real estate, but the best way to save real estate is to let house prices fall until most people can bear it.
|
{'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True}
|
Which of the following is the reason for hoping that house prices will fall?
|
[
"The current house price is irrational.",
"People expect reasonable housing prices.",
"When house prices fall to a level that most people can afford, it will stimulate housing consumption and make the real estate industry enter the track of benign development, so as to improve the economy.",
"The falsely high house prices make people's housing dream come to naught."
] |
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